- •Неличные формы глагола инфинитив
- •(Verbals)
- •Verbal Predicate
- •The infinitive
- •The infinitive can be:
- •1.1 Forms of the infinitive
- •Practice
- •1.2. The bare infinitive and the to-infinitive the use of the bare infinitive
- •1.2.1 “Let”, “make”, “would rather/ sooner” and “had better”
- •1.2.2 The infinitive with or without “to” after “help” and “know”
- •Practice
- •Context
- •When we were at school as children we were (make/wear) ……………………………
- •1.3. The functions of the infinitive
- •1.3.1 Infinitive as subject
- •The infinitive as predicative
- •The compound verbal predicate
- •Practice
- •Infinitive as subject
- •Infinitive as predicative
- •The infinitive as part of a compound verbal predicate
- •1.3.2 The infinitive as object
- •Come lend repeat show shut wait
- •2. Complete the sentences for each situation.
- •3. Complete these sentences so that the meaning is similar to the first sentence.
- •4. Put the verb in the right form:–ing or infinitive (with or without to).
- •1.3.3. The infinitive as attribute
- •5. The noun-substitute one.
- •Practice
- •Model: I had avoided the house all day and had brought food that we could eat by the lake.
- •Complete the following using the infinitives as attributes.
- •1.3.4. The infinitive as adverbial modifier
- •Adverbial modifier of purpose
- •Revision
- •1.4. Constructions with the Infinitive
- •1.4.1 The for-to-infinitive construction
- •In translating this construction into Russian a subordinate clause or an infinitive is used.
- •Sentence patterns with the for-phrase
- •Practice
- •1.4.2 The Objective with the Infinitive Construction (Complex object)
- •The Complex Object is used after the verbs:
- •Practice
- •1.4.3 The subjective infinitive construction (complex subject) (the Nominative-with-the-lnfinitive Construction)
- •Practice
- •1.5 Test yourself
- •Insert 'to’ where necessary before the infinitives in brackets:
- •Fill in the correct form of the Infinitive:
- •Paraphrase the sentences so as to use the Infinitive:
- •Define the function of the Infinitive:
- •Translate the sentences into English using infinitives and infinitive constructions:
- •Bibliography
Practice
Infinitive as subject
Ex 1. Comment the use of the infinitive. Paraphrase these proverbs and sayings by using the infinitive in the initial position.
MODEL: It’s difficult to explain his behavior.
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“to explain” is part of a subject expressed by the indefinite infinitive active with the particle “to”. The subject is introduced by the anticipatory “it”.
1. It is never too late to learn. 2. It is easy to be wise after the event. 3. It's better to give than to take. 4. It takes two to make a quarrel. 5. It's a woman's/lady's privilege to change her mind. 6. It is easy to bear the misfortunes of others. 7. It is better to travel hopefully than to arrive. 8. It is easier to pull down than to build. 9. It's never too late to mend. 10. It's useless to flog a dead horse. 11. When guns speak it is too late to argue. 12. It's too late to lock the stable when the horse has been stolen.
Ex.2 a) Use the infinitives given below as subjects:
to give up. to stop, to say, to forget, to explain, to lose, to know, to repair, to hear, to search, to mention, to look up, to wait, to speak, to take.
1. He went off. ... for him now was a torture.
2. It's difficult for him ... smoking.
3. It was impossible ... the bicycle.
4. ... the map well means to be able to show any country or town on it.
5. It took us twelve days ... the island.
6. ... the past was impossible.
7. It was his habit every August ... his family to the seaside for change of air.
8. ... at this stage would be a great pity.
9. It's such a comfort ... you say so, doctor.
10. It took him half an hour ... the words in the dictionary.
11. At this moment ... required more effort than she could make.
12. It takes an effort ... weight.
13. It's hardly necessary for me ... how grateful I'm for all you've done.
14. It would be tactless ... the subject.
15. It would be no good ... again.
b) Complete the sentences with the infinitives as subjects.
1. It's interesting ...
2. It'll take you a fortnight ...
3. ... was very pleasant.
4. I think it's more comfortable ...
5. ... is the only thing to do.
6. It usually takes me ...
7. It's boring ...
8. ... would be much more useful.
9. It's difficult for her ...
10. Will it be possible for them ... ?
11. ... isn't an easy matter.
12. How much time did it take you ... ?
13. Is it important for people ... ?
14. ... would be unjust.
15. It's my job ....
Ex.3 Make one sentence out of two using the infinitive as a subject.
Eg. People elect and are elected. It is the right of every citizen.
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To elect and be elected is the right of every citizen.
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It’s the right of every citizen to elect and to be elected.
1. He liked to walk in the garden. It was pleasant. 2. He was to answer the teacher’s question. It was difficult. 3. We must prove it. It’s our task. 4. They were to include the information available. It was their aim. 5. She was to drive to London. It was her plan.
Ex.4 Translate into English.
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Важно иметь хороших друзей.
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Побывать в Брайтоне и не видеть море было очень обидно.
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Не предупредить его об этом было бы нечестно.
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Мне гораздо приятней дарить подарки, чем получать их,
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Сколько тебе надо времени, чтобы закончить перевод?
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С ним приятно иметь дело.
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Вам понадобится 20 минут, чтобы добраться до вокзала.
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Научиться писать трудней, чем научиться читать.
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Важно предупредить их вовремя.
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Меня очень удивило, когда я увидел его на концерте: он терпеть не может пение.
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Нырять с моста опасно.
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Ей доставляло огромное удовольствие, когда ее узнавали на улице.
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Не помочь ему сейчас было бы неправильным.
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Нам понадобилось немало времени на то, чтобы убедить его, что он не прав.
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Идти в кино было слишком поздно.
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Моей обязанностью было готовить чай по утрам и вечерам.
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Тщетно было пытаться сделать это за один день.
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Было очень приятно увидеть тебя еще раз.
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Вздремнуть в кресле после обеда было его старой привычкой.
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Бесполезно обсуждать этот вопрос с ней.
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Пить из этого источника в жаркий день – одно удовольствие.
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Сказать ему правду означало лишить его последней надежды.
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Не предупредить его об этом было бы нечестно.
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Нам понадобилось немало времени на то, чтобы убедить его, что он не прав.
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Побывать в Крыму и не видеть моря, было бы очень обидно.
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Вздремнуть в своем кресле после обеда было его давнишней привычкой.
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Неплохо бы поехать за город завтра.
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Как предусмотрительно с вашей стороны было предупредить его обо всем заранее.
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Разве не естественно отвечать добром на зло?
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Ей доставляло огромное удовольствие наблюдать, как играют дети.