- •16.6.4.6. Interpretation tests
- •16.6.4.7. Correction tests
- •16.6.4.8. Free-response tests
- •16.7. Conclusions
- •17. Teaching English in the primary classroom
- •17.1. Identifying priorities and their implications
- •17.2. Natural capacities and instincts children bring to the classroom
- •17.2.1. Children’s ability to grasp meaning
- •17.2.2.Children’s creative use of limited language resources
- •17.2.3. Children’s capacity for indirect learning
- •17.2.4. Children’s instinct for play and fun
- •17.2.5. The role of imagination
- •17.2.6. The instinct for interaction and talk
- •17.3. Attitude goals and content goals
- •17.3.1. High priority of attitude goals
- •17.3.2. The special nature of language
- •17.3.3. The significance of the way we check understanding
- •17.3.4. The significance of the way we treat mistakes
- •1 7.3.5. Making language exercises into real exchanges
- •17.3.6. Teaching language lessons in the target language
- •17.4. Realistic English as the intended product
- •17.4.1. Stimulation vs. Settle down activities
- •17.4.2. Mental engagement and actual occupation
- •17.4.3. Choosing the style to suit the mood
- •17.4.4. Keeping the lesson simple
- •17.4.5. Reusing materials
- •17.4.6. Reusing a core of ideas
- •17.5. Conclusions
- •18. Special techniques for problem classes
- •18.1.2.1. An initial presentation lesson for understanding only
- •18.1.2.2. Presenting a new structure with one verb only
- •18.1. Dealing with weak classes
- •18.1.1. Limitations of aims and objectives
- •18.1.2. Simplification of material
- •18.1.2.1. An initial presentation lesson for understanding only
- •18.1.2.2. Presenting a new structure with one verb only
- •18.1.3. Tighter control over learner production
- •18.2. Dealing with large classes
- •18.2.1. Teaching room
- •18.2.2. Group work
- •18.2.3. The English corner and the English walls
- •18.2.4. Blackboard
- •Station
- •18.3. Dealing with mixed ability classes
- •18.3.1. Flexible grouping arrangements
- •18.3.2. Dictation
- •18.3.3. Reading comprehension
- •18.3.4. Writing
- •18.3.5. Drama
- •18.4. Disruptive behaviour
- •18.4.1. Causes of discipline problems
- •18.4.1.1. The teacher
- •18.4.1.2. The students
- •18.4.1.3. The institution
- •18.4.2. Action in case of indiscipline
- •18.5. Conclusions
- •Glossary
- •Bibliography
17.4.5. Reusing materials
We have just seen how one set of prompt-cards can be used to provide a whole lesson of different activities around the same topic. Other materials are also reusable round the same theme. E.g., if you go to the trouble of drawing a set of grids for an activity or take up time in a lesson getting the children to draw one, you don’t want to use for 2 minutes and then move to something else. So this single grid:
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could be used and reused in the following ways.
Listening activity. The children listen to a series of statements made by the teacher and then fill in the appropriate reference point on the matrix: Ann wants to be an actress. John wants to be a spaceman.
Ann
John
Jane
Bob
Tom
Kate
Speaking activities based on true/false. Once the grid’s been filled in the teacher could use it to ask true/false questions: Ann wants to be a worker. True or false?
S imultaneous pair work:
Writing. The children use the information on their grid to make up sentences and write them down: Ann wants to be an actress.
You could spread these activities out over more than one lesson or use them in various combinations in one lesson. Either way, by this time the grids will have amply repaid the initial time taken up in drawing them.
Remember too that particular prompt-cards or even grids can act as prompts for a wide range of different phrases and examples provided we make it clear what we are doing. For example, on different occasions this card could be the prompt for several very different language exchanges.
E
If you are going to reuse prompt-cards in this way then you will want to keep them very simple. They are probably best drawn in black, thickish lines giving an essential outline and without any writing. This is because writing tends to tie the card down to representing just one phrase.
Finally, as well as looking for different ways in which we can use one set of materials and thus reduce our preparation load, we can also reduce our thinking preparation. It is possible to do this by identifying a core of activity types that we can use and reuse in order to teach different language content.