- •300.Piter.Com
- •300 Лучших учебников для высшей школы в честь 300-летия Санкт-Петербурга
- •Isbn 5-469-00341-8
- •§ 2. Forms of the infinitive.
- •§ 3. The 'to-infinitive' is used:
- •§ 4. The bare infinitive is used:
- •§ 5. The negative. We form the negative of a to-infinitive by putting not before to. I soon learned not to conflict with the manager. § 6. We use the infinitive:
- •I.L. Read the article, find key sentences and translate them into English.
- •1.2. Render the article using the active vocabulary.
- •Attorney;
- •Prosecutor.
- •Interest rents leased depreciation
- •I.L. Read the article, find key sentences and translate them into English.
- •1.2. Render the article using the active vocabulary.
- •§ 1. The passive: general information. Active voice and passive voice.
- •§ 2. Forms of the passive. Passives can be formed in the following ways:
- •§ 3. Transitive and intransitive verbs.
- •§ 4. Uses of the passive.
- •I. Reading the Russian newspaper
- •1.1. Read the article, find key sentences and translate them into English. Покупатель всегда прав
- •1.2. Render the article using the active vocabulary.
- •Inherited income
- •I Reading the English newspaper
- •I.L. Read the newspaper article and decide what the do's and the don'ts for business communication of foreign partners are.
- •1.2. Memory Test.
- •1.3. Vocabulary.
- •I. Case study
- •I.L. Read the article, find key sentences and translate them into English. «Самостоятельный налоговый учет будет не нужен»
- •1.2. Render the article using the active vocabulary.
- •§ 2. The use of present participle:
- •§ 3. A present participle phrase replacing a main clause:
- •§ 4. A present participle phrase replacing a subordinate clause:
- •§ 5. The perfect participle (active):
- •Including underlying encouraging running
- •It is generally agreed that the banking system is malfunctioning, and the amount of credit outstanding is in steady decline.
- •I.L. Read the article, find key sentences and translate them into English.
- •1.2. Render the article using the active vocabulary.
- •In Search of Those Elusive Returns
- •I. Translation
- •I. Speak up
- •1.1. Answer the questions.
- •1.2. Discussion topics.
- •1.3. Read the paragraph from the text "Keynes revisited" and answer the questions.
- •§ 2. Functions:
- •§ 3. Use. The gerund can be used in the following ways:
- •5) Shambles; e) to rearrange especially so as to perform different work
- •I.L. Read the article, find key sentences and translate them into English.
- •1.2. Render the article using the active vocabulary.
- •§ 1. Inversion after adverbs. Sometimes in a sentence the normal subject-verb order can be reversed. Such cases are called inversion.
- •I.L. Read the article, find key sentences and translate them into English.
- •1.2. Render the article using the active vocabulary.
- •§ 2. The use of the causative for things. The causative is similar to the passive. We focus on what is done to something or someone, not on what is someone does.
- •§ 3. The use of the causative for people. The causative with verbs like coach, instruct, prepare, teach and train can refer to things we cause to be done to other people.
- •I.L. Read the article, find key sentences and translate them into English.
- •1.2. Render the article using the active vocabulary.
- •I.L. Read the Russian article and render it using the following words and expressions:
- •1.2. Questions for discussion.
- •International Trade
- •International Specialization
- •1.1. Interview.
- •1.2. Case study.
- •Include awardedbe worth suppliers
- •International Trade:
- •Учебник для вузов
1.2. Render the article using the active vocabulary.
J. Translation
Translate the following passages into English.
Рынок труда и профсоюзы
С. С. Носова
Профсоюз может повысить конкурентные ставки заработной платы путем: а) увеличения производственного спроса на труд; б) ограничения предложения труда с использованием замкнутых профсоюзов; в) непосредственного увеличения ставки заработной платы выше равновесной с помощью открытых профсоюзов.
Среди экономистов нет единодушного мнения о необходимости минимума заработной платы как механизма по предотвращению бедности. С одной стороны, минимум заработной платы порождает безработицу среди некоторых низкооплачиваемых рабочих, с другой, — он приводит к повышению доходов тех, кто продолжает работать.
Рабочие, объединенные в профсоюзы, могут получать заработную плату в среднем на 10-15 % выше по сравнению с не членами профсоюзов.
Модель двойной власти
Двусторонняя монополия — это объединения монопсонической модели с моделью открытых профсоюзов. С одной стороны, профсоюз является монополистическим «продавцом» труда в том смысле, что он контролирует предложение труда и может оказать влияние на ставки заработной платы. С другой стороны, он противостоит монопсони-ческому нанимателю труда (или совокупности олигопсонических нанимателей труда), который тоже может воздействовать на заработную плату путем изменения занятости. Является ли это особым случаем? Нет. В таких важных отраслях, как сталелитейная, автомобильная, «большой труд» — один крупный производственный союз — ведет переговоры с «большим бизнесом» — несколькими крупными промышленными корпорациями. В условиях двусторонней монополии на обеих сторонах рынка труда возможна ситуация, когда установившаяся ставка заработной платы и уровень занятости подходят к конкурентным уровням значительно ближе, чем в том случае, когда существует монополия только на одной стороне рынка.
К. Case study
K.l. Read the article and do the exercises.
More Vulnerable
Labour Laws Don't Dover Everyone
New York (CNN news). When Jose Castro helped to organize a trade union campaign at his workplace, Hoffman Plastic Compounds in California, he was fired. His firing was found to be unlawful, but on March 27th the Supreme Court ruled that he could not receive back pay. The reason: Mr. Castro is a Mexican, who is in the United States illegally and who used a friend's ID to get his job.
His case raised the question of the rights of people who are not lawfully residents. The court, which divided five to four on the ruling, was clearly in some confusion, as is the country at large. Under a Supreme Court ruling, children of illegal aliens may attend public schools. Most states provide illegal aliens with emergency medical care and insist that they get their vaccinations. They may not give them extra social assistance. People working illegally in America must pay taxes, but cannot receive a refund for overpayment; they must contribute to Social Security (the national pension), but cannot receive retirement benefits. Depending on state law, they can vote in local elections (such as those for school boards), but not national ones.
Labour laws used to cover everyone, even those people not legally permitted to work. Trade unions provided strong support, preferring immigrants to swell their ranks rather than provide cheap competition. In 1986, hiring undocumented workers was made illegal. But employers resisted becoming, in effect, immigration agents, and the law was little enforced.
The National Labour Relations Board, which supported Mr. Castro, has continued to allow undocumented workers to get back-pay if they are fired. But the Supreme Court jibbed in Mr. Castro's case, saying he had in any case got his job through a criminal fraud, and should not be paid wages he could not legally have earned. Chief Justice William Rehnquist added that this would only encourage violation of the immigration laws.
Writing for the minority, Justice Stephen Breyer argued that stripping labour-law protection from illegal aliens would not only undermine Ame
rica's domestic labour law but would lower the cost of illegal labour, drawing more hopefuls in. Whatever happens, it is certain that America's non-citizens are now more vulnerable than they were.
K.2. After reading the text write down in two appropriate columns what illegal aliens can/must and cannot/ must not do in the United States.
Illegal aliens can/must do |
Illegal aliens cannot/must not do |
|
|
K.3. Sum up the arguments for and against paying Mr. Castro wages.
K.4. Divide the class into two groups and make up the speech of: