- •И.Н. Федотова
- •Старый Оскол 2011
- •Содержание
- •Введение
- •Содержание учебной дисциплины Аудирование
- •Говорение
- •1. Ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы:
- •Text 2. Ohm's Law
- •Solve the following problems using the formulas of Ohm’s Law:
- •Pair work. Make up similar problems of your own. Ask your groupmate to solve them.
- •Complete these sentences using the correct variant:
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •Text 4. Conductors and Insulators
- •1. Find answers to these questions in the text above:
- •2. Complete the sentences using the correct variant:
- •Text 5. Electric generators and motors
- •Text 6. D.C. Electric motors
- •Text 7. A.C. Electric motors
- •Put English equivalents to the following:
- •1. Complete these sentences using the correct variant.
- •2. Put down the Russian for:
- •3. Answer these questions:
- •Text 9. Substations
- •1. Complete the sentences using the correct variant:
- •2. Pair work. Put these questions to your groupmate, and ask him/her to answer them.
- •3. Put down the Russian equivalents of these word combinations. Translate them back into English.
- •1. Complete the sentences using the correct variant:
- •2. Pair work. Put these questions to your groupmate and ask him/her to answer them:
- •3. Put down the Russian equivalents of these word combinations. Then translate them back into English.
- •Text 11. Atomic Power Plant
- •1. Complete the sentences using the correct variant:
- •2. Pair work. Put these questions to your groupmate and ask him/her to answer them:
- •Unit 2. Material science and technology. Metallurgy Text 1. Metals
- •1. General understanding:
- •2. Find the following words and word combinations in the text:
- •3. Complete the following sentences:
- •4. Translate into English:
- •Text 2. On metals
- •Text 3. Steel
- •1. General understanding:
- •2. Find the following words and word combinations in the text:
- •Text 4. Methods of steel heat treatment
- •1. General understanding:
- •2. Translate into English the following words and word combinations:
- •Text 5. Ferrous metals
- •Translate into English the following words and word combinations:
- •Text 6. Non-ferrous metals and non-metallic materials
- •Text 7. Copper
- •Translate into English the following words and word combinations:
- •Text 8. Aluminium
- •Translate into English the following words and word combinations:
- •Unit 3. Metalworking Text 1. Mechanical properties of materials
- •1. General understanding:
- •2. Find the following in the text:
- •3. Translate into English the following sentences:
- •Text 2. Mechanical Properties of Materials
- •1. General understanding:
- •2. Find the following words and word combinations in the text:
- •3. Translate into English the following:
- •Text 3. Metalworking and metal properties
- •1. General understanding:
- •2. Find the following in the text:
- •3. Translate into English:
- •Text 4. Welding
- •1. General understanding:
- •2. Find the following words and word combinations in the text:
- •Text 5. Other types of welding
- •Resistance Welding
- •1. General understanding:
- •3. Translate into Russian:
- •Unit 4. Engineering Text 1. Machine-tools
- •Text 2. Lathe
- •1. General understanding:
- •2. Find English equivalents in the text:
- •3. Translate into English:
- •Text 2. Milling machine
- •Drilling and Boring Machines
- •Shapers and Planers
- •Grinders
- •1. General understanding:
- •2. Translate into English:
- •Text 4. Dies
- •Wiredrawing Dies
- •Thread-Cutting Dies
- •1. Find English equivalents in the text:
- •2. Translate the following sentences into Russian:
- •Text 6. Cranes
- •Vocabulary unit 1
Thread-Cutting Dies
For cutting threads on bolts or on the outside of pipes, a thread-cutting die (резьбонарезная плашка) is used. It is usually made of hardened steel in the form of a round plate with a hole in the centre. The hole has a thread. To cut an outside thread, the die is lubricated with oil and simply screwed onto an unthreaded bolt or piece of pipe, the same way a nut is screwed onto a bolt. The corresponding tool for cutting an inside thread, such as that inside a nut, is called a tap (метчик).
1. Find English equivalents in the text:
удалять металлическую стружку
острый режущий край
содержание углерода
режущая способность
сталь для скоростного резания
правка шлифовальных кругов
гидравлическое или механическое давление
различные формы штампов
2. Translate the following sentences into Russian:
1. Все резцы и фрезы должны иметь острую режущую кромку.
2. Во время резания режущий инструмент и деталь имеют высокую температуру и должны охлаждаться.
3. Углеродистые стали часто используются для изготовления резцов потому, что они недорогие.
4. Быстрорежущие стали содержат вольфрам, хром и ванадий.
5. Алмазы используются для резания абразивных материалов и чистовой обработки поверхности твёрдых материалов.
6. Для различных операций используют различные штампы.
7. Волочильные доски для проволоки делаются из очень твёрдых материалов.
8. Резьбонарезные плашки и метчики используются для нарезки резьбы снаружи и внутри.
Text 5. Conveyors
There are four main types of conveyors. These are: rubber-belt conveyors, scraper chain conveyors, shaker conveyors, aerial ropeway conveyors.
Probably the most widely used conveyor is that of a rubber-belt type. The rubber belting, on which material is carried, is constructed of a number of layers, cemented together and covered by rubber.The fabric withstands the pull in the loaded belt caused by the friction of the rollers over which the belt moves; the rubber cover protects the fabric from wear.
The greater the length of the conveyor and the heavier the load to be carried, the greater is the number of layers in the belt. The speed and width of the belt depend on the job it has to perform.
Some belts travel at a speed of only some feet per minute, whilst others move at as much as 10 miles per hour, the width varying from a few inches to several feet.
The advantages of belt conveying are the continuous flow of material and high capacities. Moreover, these conveyors can be used on gradients too steep for lorries or trains.
On large conveyors a heavy pulley is introduced behind the driving drum to give the required added tension. Heavy-duty conveyors often have more than one driving drum as this lessens the possibility of belt slip and decreases the amount of added tension.
Conveyors are usually driven by electric motors, though compressed-air motors are sometimes used, especially if the conveyor is installed in a place where the use of electricity is considered to be dangerous, such as a coal mine or a factory manufacturing explosives.