Чтение сочетаний согласных звуков

Буква	Позиция	Чтение	Пример
ch	любая	[t∫]	match, catch, chimp
sh	любая	[∫]	shelf, she, show
ck	после кратких гласных	[k]	stick, black, Jack
th	1. в начале знаменательных слов и в конце слова 2. в начале местоимений, служебных слов и между гласными	[θ] [ð]	thick, myth, three that, bathe
wh	1. в начале слова перед всеми гласными, кроме о 2. перед буквой o	[w] [h]	what, which who, whose
qu	перед гласными	[kw]	question, quickly
ng	в конце слова	[ŋ]	strong, long, sing

Согласные буквы, имеющие два варианта произношения

Буква	Позиция	Чтение	Пример
с	1. перед e, i, y 2. перед a, o, u	[s] [k]	cent, pencil, icy cap, come, cup
g	1. перед e, i, y 2. перед a, o, u, всеми согласными и в конце слов	[d3] [g]	page, gin, gypsy good, green, pig
s	1. в начале слов, перед глухими согласными, в конце слов после глухих согласных 2. между гласными, в конце слов после гласных и звонких согласных	[s] [z]	sit, students, lists please, lies, pens
x	1. перед соласными в конце слов 2. перед ударной гласной	[ks] [gz]	text, six exam

Правила чтения

• гласные в ударном положении имеют алфавитное чтение перед согласной + le в конце слов: cycle, table, stable, title, able, idle, maple, cable

• гласные i, o перед nd, ld читаются соответственно своему алфавитному названию: kind, wild, mind, find, bind, mild, idle, old, bold, told, cold, gold

• y – 1. [j] в начале слов – yes, yet, yell, yellow

2. [i] в конце двухсложных и многосложных слов в безударном положении: lady, silly, fancy, fifty, ninety, kitty

• a – [a:] перед s + согласная: mask, pass, class, task, fast, grass, grasp, last

• a – [כ:] перед lk: chalk, talk, walk, balk

перед ll: hall, ball, fall, small, all, wall, tall

• a – [a:] перед th : father, rather, path, bath

• o – [Λ] перед m, n, th, v : dove, some, won, front, month, mother, brother, come, love, glove

• igh – [ai] : fight, right, night, light, might, sight, high

• wr – [r] : write, wrong, wretch, wry, writ, wrap

• kn – [n] : know, knife, knight, knee, knit, knell

• ture – [t∫∂] : nature, future, structure, picture

• tion, ssion – [∫n] : nation, dictation, station, action, translation, Russian, session, oppression

• sure – [₃∂] : leisure, pleasure, measure, treasure

• ph – [f] : photo, phone, physics, philosophy

• e – [i] в безударном положении : elect, enjoy, establish, deny, pocket, goodness

Exercise 1. Read the following words

Aa

Face hat car care

Name bag park rare

Plate fax dark hare

Take hand star ware

Table map card spare

Bake cat arm share

Ee

He men her here

Tree sell term mere

speed belt person merely

freeze merry serve sere

we press germ

bee tense stern

Ii

Time milk bird fire

Nine six firm hire

Tie big first wire

Lie strict skirt admire

nice kid girl tired

rice sister sir mire

Oo

Tone lot or more

Bone not storm store

Stone box form bore

Open stop fork shore

Over drop pork before

Rose clock north pore

Uu

Tune bus hurt pure

Tulip plus purple lure

Cube cup fur cure

Student sun turn during

Pupil tub purse mural

True butter curl curious

Yy

Fly system Byrd tyre

My mystery Tyrd lyre

Cry Egypt myrtle byre

Type myth gyre

Style hymn syren

Lyme hypnotic gyro

Exercise 2. Read the following words

1. [i:] deed, mete, sleep, green, been, me, feel, veal, steal, steel, tea, sea, eve, please, clean, teacher, easy, reader

2. [e] sent, send, pen, desk, let, end, Bess, fetch, egg, merry, seller, sender

3. [∂:] her, term, girl, sir, firm, turn, burn, curl, first, burst, birth, fur, work, word, world, worker

4. [ei] name, date, came, gave, Jane, game, make, fate, take, Kate, gate, stay, day, bay, rain, pain, main, chain

5. [æ] cat, map, bad, bag, stamp, glad, than, match, catch, that, daddy, badly, fat, mad, man, am, tan

6. [a:] car, park, start, bark, large, smart, farm

7. [ε∂] fare, care, bare, Clare, Mary, parents, air, pair, stairs

8. [ai] nine, fine, five, like, lie, vine, mile, pie, life, time, my, bye, by, shy, night, light, fight, right, might

9. [i] lift, sit, fit, stick, pin, glimps, Jim, big, this, Sid, system, myth, gym

10. [ai∂ ] fire, wire, tire, tyro, satire

11. [ou] go, stone, no, nose, rose, smoke, tone, cope, spoke, note, hope

12. [כ] not, got, top, clock, box, fox, sock, block, doctor, sorry

13. [כ:] nor, fork, sport, or, sort, lord, North, born, more, bore, store, tore, torn, corn

14. [ju:] tube, tune, tulip, cucumber, beautiful, beauty

15. [Λ] bus, fun, run, cup, duck, much, lunch, bunch, hurry

16. [ŋ] song, sing, thing, morning, long, strong, bang, ring, bring, drink, drank, rank, angry, angle

17. [k] black, chicken, block, thick, lick, hockey

18. [u] book, look, hook, took

19. [u:] food, moon, noon, pool, stood, tool, stool, foot

20. [כi] boy, toy, coin, point, voice, joy, join

21. [w] well, wine, watch, wake, we, were, why, when, white, what, whale

22. [h] who, whose, hunt, hurry, house

23. [au] town, brown, down, out, stout, scout, about, trout

24. [i ∂] engineer, deer, cheer, cheerful, sphere

Exercise 3. Read the following words

snow, depth, width, stir, mere, bird, doctor, burn, sport, born, care, car, square, long, pure, rare, wire, maker, fume, she, singing, Dutch, Rome, space;

brick, teach, bold, run, myth, eve, add, go, fix, wage, cake, fancy, few, ink, day, dirty, here, nurse, serf, English, turn, worker, dark, car, hair, more, fir, ring, yes; kind, rifle, huge, town, round, child, pass, talk, six, know, witty, voice, satire, tester, darling, father, front, mother, among, aloud, along, gardener, some, human, parents, parrot, love

Exercise 4. Read the following word combinations

a pen, a black pen, a bed, a bad bed, a map, a big map, an apple, a nice apple, an end, a happy end, a little cat, a nice plan, a bad lamp, an old bag, a huge town, a huge dirty town, a huge English town, a huge dirty English town, read a text, read text five, read text six aloud.

Exercise 5. Read the following sentences

It is a pen. It is a pencil. It is an apple. It’s a table. It’s a lamp. It’s a map. It’s a nice plate. It’s a little cat. It’s a big flat. It’s an old bed. It’s a nice bag. It’s a big desk.

It is not a pen. It is not a big pen. It’s a little pen.

It is not a bag. It isn’t a nice bag. It’s a bad bag.

It isn’t a map. It’s a plan. It isn’t a table. It’s a bed. It isn’t a bad tie. It’s a nice tie. It isn’t a table. It’s a desk.

Exercise 6. Read the sentences

1. I am looking for a job. 2. This is an interesting article. 3. He wants to speak to the manager. 4. Barbara is an ideal secretary. 5. They work in an old office. 6. It was an early morning. 7. The door opened and we saw an old man. 8. Simon is a sales assistant. 9. Britain is an industrial country. 10. It’s a difficult question. 11. The delegation stayed at an expensive hotel. 12. Fred is a managing director. 13. My sister is an accountant. 14. Clive is a financial director. 15. This is a marketing department. 16. It is a very old firm. 17. He doesn’t like his job, but he has to do it to earn money.

Exercise 7. Read the text

This is a room. It is a big and good room. This is a wall. That is a wall, too. These are walls. The walls are white and blue. This is a door. The door is white. Those are windows. They are big and clean. This is a blackboard. That is a map. The blackboard and the map are on the wall.

This is chalk. It is in the box on the blackboard. These are tables and chairs. They are new and clean. This is a floor. It is clean, too.