Hang Gliding. The Sport of the 1980s

Hang gliding, like windsurfing, comes from America. The person who thought of this sport, Francis Rogallo, got the idea when he was watching space capsules falling towards the sea. The capsules had a sort of wing which helped them to go more slowly until they reached the sea.

But this idea isn't as new as you might think: in the fifteenth century, Leonardo da Vinchi drew pictures of a hang glider; it was a sort of kite which could carry a person.

The modern hang glider can go with the wind or against it, and the pilot can change direction by moving the control bar. Hang gliders rise and fall with the move­ments in the air—near hills, for example, they usually go up. All over the world, these giant butterflies are becoming more and more popular, as people discover the fun of flying.

Ex.6. What do you know of the kinds of sport which recently appeared? Describe them and say what attracts people in them.

Ex.7.Speak on:

1.the role of sport in modern life;

2. sport as part of school and college life.

Grammar: The Passive Voice.

• We use the infinitive after modal verbs and a number of other verbs. The passive infinitive is to be done/ to have been done

Can/could May/ might Must/ have to Should/ would Needn’t

be done have been done

Lions and tigers can be seen in Zoos. He spoke very clearly; he could be heard by everyone

• The verbs which take prepositional objects can form passive construction of the following pattern:

smb is smth was will be

sent for spoken about laught at

The verbs taking prepositional objects.

to agree to/with- соглашаться с

to agree on/upon-прийти к соглашению

to call for,on –зайти за

to deal with –иметь дело с

to hear of –слышать о

to insist on/upon- настаивать на

to laugh at – смеяться над

to look after- ухаживать за

to put with- примириться с

to refer to- ссылаться на

to send for-посылать за

to think of- думать о

to comment on-комментировать

to provide for-снабжать

to lose sight of-потерять из виду

to make use of-использовать

Ex.6.Read the situation and write a sentence. Use the words in brackets.

Example: He seldom keeps his promise.(he/can/rely/on)

1.The child is very ill.(the doctor /send/for) 2. The old car is in excellent condition.(it/look/after /well). 3. He was speaking for two hours. (he/listened to/ in silence) 4. She is going into hospital tomorrow. (she/ take good care of). 5. This little boy is always dirty. (he/look after/ properly).6. She is always breaking things in the kitchen. (she/speak to/about her carelessness)7. He’s a sensible man.(his advise/listen to carefully) 8.The dentist said her teeth were very bad.(they/ take care of). 9. He never broke a promise in his life.(he/ come/rely on)10. Shakespeare was born more that 400 years ago.(he/look upon/the greatest of English poets)

Ex.7.Put the following into the passive, mentioning the agent where necessary.

1.You can’t wash this dress.(it / dry-clean).2. They discuss unimportant things.(a lot of time/waste). 3. They will type your letters in a minute.(the letters/ type/ in the other office) 4. I can’t play now.(my piano/ repair/ at the moment) 5. The guests ate other sandwiches, and drank all the lemonade.( nothing/ leave). 6. I can’t find my parcel anywhere.(it/ post?) 7. I have no information.(I/ inform/ of the change of the plan).8.I’m afraid we have sold all our copies but we have ordered more.(more/ order).9. The letter can’t be mailed.(it/ not stamp). 10. I would like to meet her mother.(I/ not introduce/ yet).

Ex.8. Give the corresponding passive construction.

1. We looked through all the advertisements very attentively.2. The gardener gathered all the dry leaves and set fire to them. 3. People will talk much about the successful debut of the young actress, no doubt.4. You can rely upon your guide’s experience. 5. Why didn’t the speaker dwell longer upon this question? 6. You should send the sick man to hospital. They will look after him much better there.7. A famous architect has designed the new theatre this week. 8. This plant had fulfilled the yearly plan by the 15 december.9. The workers are discharging the steamer. 10. The students read the text and translated it into English. 11.Who has written this article?

Ex.9.Put in the correct forms, active or passive, of the verbs in brackets.

How the other half lives

Lord Manners was a rich and famous banker. When he (die), he (give) a magnificent funeral which (attend) by hundreds of famous people. The funeral was going to (hold) in West Minister Abbey. Many ordinary people (line) the streets to watch the procession. The wonderful black and gold carriage (draw) by 6 black horses. The mourners (follow) in silence. Lord Manners (give) a royal farewell. Two tramps were among the crowd, they (watch) the procession. As solemn music (can/hear) in the distance, one of them (turn) other and (whisper) in admiration: ”Now that’s what I call really living! ” (from “Longman English Grammar Practice”by L.G. Alexander)

Ex.10.Translate the sentences into English.

1. Лекции этого профессора всегда слушают с большим интересом.2. Меня прервал Джон. 3.Его всегда любили, и ему всегда доверяли. 4. О ней заботятся ее друзья. 5.Я уверен, что, записка была написана карандашом. 6. Дверь открыла пожилая женщина , и Джейн вывели в маленькую гостиную.7. Кровать не было застелена, стул был сломан.8.Это письмо только что подписано директором. 9. Товары еще не доставлены. 10. Подписан ли этот контракт? 11. Этот вопрос еще не исследован. 12. Ящики пересчитаны. Их можно отвести на склад. 13. Библиотека была закрыта,

так как было же 8 часов. 14. Об этом фильме много говорят.15.Он узнает, почему его туда посылают.16. Во время экскурсии по городу нам показали завод, где производится сталь.17. Книги, которые хорошо читаются, редко найдешь на полках библиотеки.

Unit 10.

TRAVELLING

Text: Travelling

Grammar: Modal verbs (can, may and their equivalents).

Практические цели: Ознакомление лексического материала по теме " Travelling " и закрепление активной лексики в речевых упражнениях, развитие умений и навыков монологической речи. Введение новой грамматической темы: “ Modal verbs ” и выполнение грамматических упражнений на закрепление.

Travelling

The scientific and technological progress of the 20-th century has allowed people to overcome time and distance, to cover in the twinkling of an eye the vast expanse of our planet. The whole world is open now. The limitations of former times have ceased to exist.

Modern life is impossible without travelling. Most of us in big cities begin every day with travelling to our schools, offices and factories. For some people it is quite a trip to get from home to work. They go by underground, they change to a bus or they take a taxi. From time to time we have to go to another city or country on business. Then after a year’s work people go on holiday and they do not like to spend it at home.

Millions of people all over the world spend their holidays travelling. They travel to see other countries and continents, modern cities and the ruins of ancient towns, they travel to enjoy picturesque places or just for a change of scene. It is always interesting to discover new things, to see different people, to try different food, to listen to different musical rhythms.

Those who live in the country like to go to a big city and spend their time visiting museums and art galleries, looking at shop windows and dining at exotic restaurants. City dwellers usually like a quiet holiday by the sea or on the mountains, with nothing to do but walk and bathe and lie in the sun.

People who wish to travel either for pleasure or on business have at their disposal various means of transport. If you want to get somewhere as quickly as possible the best way is to travel by plane. It is better to book tickets in advance. On the appointed day you go to airport by car. Soon you’ll be boarding the big airliner and it will carry you to new lands. When on the plane you may look around. In front of you in the cockpit you’ll see the pilot and his crew. Some of the passengers are already reclining in comfortable armchairs. There is a kitchen in the rear part of the plane where the stewardesses are preparing the meals. Presently we take off and in a few minutes the pilot informs us of the altitude. Sometimes it is possible to see land. It is like a geographical map. Our plane is due to arrive in eight hours. The time passes quickly. The plane arrives at the airport on time.

Travelling by train is slower than by plane but it has its advantages. When on the train you can always see the country side around you , so you are not simply travelling, but your holidays have already begun. To have a good trip by train you must book the tickets in advance. When the day of your departure comes, you go to the railway station, which is usually closer to your home than the airport. The porter helps you with your luggage. You go to your carriage and find out if you have a lower or upper berth in your compartment. Each compartment has its own window, a place for your suitcases and, of course, four berths.

Travelling by sea is mostly for those who are going on holiday and want a pleasant voyage. On board of a large cruise ship people traverse oceans and visit other countries. The ship stops for a day or two in different ports and people go ashore on excursions. Crossing the ocean is a magnificent and very long voyage, with enormous waves before you and a 4-deck liner under you.

Many people prefer travelling by car. This way you can explore the nearby towns and cities. The greatest advantage is that you can stop whenever you like and that you are not bound by any schedule. You start from your own front door and take any road you like.

Coach tours are not expensive and very popular. There is a chance to do a lot of sightseeing and have a good rest at the same time.

One of the cheapest and the most popular ways of travelling is hiking. It is always a great experience for a lover of nature.

Topical Vocabulary.

1.to overcome преодолеть

2.twinkling мгновение

3.travelling путешествие

4.trip путешествие, поездка (короткая)

5.voyage путешествие (по морю,воздуху)

6.journey путешествие, поездка (длительная)

7.cruise морской круиз

8.hiking пешеходный поход

9.to go on business отправиться по делу (в командировку)

10.at one’s disposal в чьем-либо распоряжении

11.in advance заранее

12.to board (a plane, a ship, a train) сесть на (самолет, корабль,поезд)

13.crew команда

14.departure отправление

15.cockpit кабина в самолете

16.to traverse пересекать

17.stewardess cтюардесса

18. .arrival прибытие

19.altitude высота над уровнем моря

20.advantage преимущество

21.porter носильщик

22.luggage багаж

23.carriage вагон

24.berth полка

25.compartment купе

26.cheap дешевый

24.expensive дорогой

Ex.1.Suggest the Russian for:

to go ashore on excursions; to book tickets in advance; departure; it is possible; the railway station; pleasant voyage; in your compartment; a lower or upper berth; to travel for pleasure; a lover of nature; due to; coach tours; sightseeing; to have a good rest; whenever you like; people traverse oceans; in different ports; a magnificent voyage; with enormous waves; a 4-deck liner; you are not bound by any schedule; all over the world; the ruins of ancient towns; for a change of scene; to enjoy picturesque places; at their disposal; to discover new things; in advance; to try different food; to listen to; art galleries; exotic restaurants; city dwellers; a quiet holiday by the sea; on the mountains; lie in the sun; to have travelling by sea; as quickly as possible; the best way; on the appointed day; boarding the big airliner; to look around; in front of you; in the cockpit; passenger; pilot; crew; to recline; on board of a large cruise ship; a great experience;

Ex.2. Suggest the English for:

Время и расстояние; в мгновение ока; ограничения; метро; пересаживаются на автобус; во всем мире; современные города и руины; живописные пейзажи; отпуск на море; путешествовать самолетом; заказать билеты заранее; в назначенный день; вскоре; оглядеться вокруг себя; откинуться; наконец мы взлетаем; предпочитать; достопримечательности; пеший туризм; приятное путешествие; носильщик; багаж; океан; порт; гигантские волны; четырех палубный лайнер; расписание; вовремя.

Ex.3.Guess the meaning of the words and word combinations in italics and translate the whole sentence.

1.They travel to enjoy picturesque places or just for a change of scene. 2.It is always interesting to discover new things, to see different people, to try different food, to listen to different musical rhythms. 3.City dwellers usually like a quiet holiday by the sea or on the mountains, with nothing to do but walk and bathe and lie in the sun. 4.People who wish to travel either for pleasure or on business have at their disposal various means of transport. 5. It is better to book tickets in advance. 6.On the appointed day you go to airport by car. 7.Soon you’ll be boarding the big airliner and it will carry you to new lands. 8.Some of the passengers are already reclining in comfortable armchairs. 9.Presently we take off and in a few minutes the pilot informs us of the altitude.10. Our plane is due to arrive in eight hours. 11.When the day of your departure comes, you go to the railway station, which is usually closer to your home than the airport. 12.The porter helps you with your luggage. 13.On board of a large cruise ship people traverse oceans and visit other countries. 14.The ship stops for a day or two in different ports and people go ashore on excursions.15. Crossing the ocean is a magnificent and very long voyage, with enormous waves before you and a 4-deck liner under you.

Ex.4. Translate into English.

1.Теперь весь мир открыт. 2. Современная жизнь невозможна без путешествий.3. Они пересаживаются на автобус или берут такси. 4. Им не нравиться проводить отпуск дома. 5. Миллионы людей во всем мире проводят отпуск путешествуя. 6. Городским жителям обычно нравится спокойный отпуск на море или в горах. 7. Вскоре вы сядете в большой авиалайнер, и он отнесет вас к новым землям. 8. Пассажиры могут откинуться в удобных креслах. 9. Сидя в самолете вы можете оглядеться вокруг себя.10. Люди совершают путешествия чтобы увидеть другие страны и континенты, другие города или просто ради перемены обстановки.11. Всегда интересно встречать новых людей, открывать для себя что-то новое.

Ex.5. Speak on the following sub – topics.