Grammar

Exercise 1. Define the functions of the verb "should" and translate the sentences into Russian.

1. It is necessary that drying should be confined to timber of one size and species. 2. Finishes should be highly durable. 3. It should be noted that drying involves the greatest expenditure of time in all the woodworking processes. 4. Wood should be coated with a transparent varnish or seal to retain the original appearance. 5. It is obviously important that the air circulation should be fairly uniform over the face of the timber pile. 6. Every engineer should know the principal causes of deterioration of wood in service. 7. Wood must be treated with preservatives lest it should deteriorate. 8. It should be remembered that natural wood resources of the world are not inexhaustible. 9. A kiln should be provided with means of controlling temperature and humidity of the circulating air. 10. It should be noted that acoustic properties of wood are of great importance in musical instruments. 11. Specialists suggested that the new method of growing trees should be used in the region. 12. Wood in the foundation of the stack should be treated with creosote or other wood preservatives.

Exercise 2. Define the functions of the verb "would" and translate the sentences into Russian.

1. It would be impossible to imagine our life without wood and wood products. 2. If there were good weather conditions, trees would grow more rapidly. 3. It would be naïve to think that current levels of air pollution will not produce a negative effect on forest ecosystems. 4. The annual rings would not be wide, if the growth conditions were not favourable. 5. A rich crop of seeds would have been gathered but for rain. 6. They hoped that the demand for their lumber would increase. 7. We were informed that lumber would be packed in accordance with

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the instruction. 8. Without adhesives plywood, particle boards, furniture and

thousands of other wood products would not be possible. 9. The newspaper reported that the sawmill would be reconstructed at the end of this year. 10. If the lumber were dried carefully, it wouldn’t check and split.

Exercise 3. Read the text below and write the word which best fits each space.

Use only one word in each space.

Can you imagine what the world (1) ____ be like if there (2) ____no electricity? In fact, most of what we take for granted (3) ____ not exist. There would be no computers, TV, cinemas or stereos for our entertainment, and we (4) ____ not be able to cook and eat in the same way (5) ____ cookers and fridges. If Thomas Edison (6) ____ not invented the electric light bulb, we would now still (7) ____ using candles to see at night. The problem with this energy source (8) ____ that it uses fossil fuels – we burn coal and oil to generate electricity. Our everyday lives (9) ____ a huge amount of power, and industry even more. The damage to the environment (10) ____ increase if we continue to burn coal for energy, which

(11) ____ cause serious air pollution and increase the size of the hole in the ozone layer. Because of this danger, people (12) ____ now using other sources of fuel, such as solar, wind, and water power. It is clear that we must do all we can to save energy, because if we (13) ____ not fossil fuels (14) ____ soon run out, and our environment (15) ____ become too polluted for animal and human life to survive.