- •Contents
- •Предисловие
- •Unit 1 What is Public Administration? a. Vocabulary
- •Implement (n)
- •Implement (V)
- •Implementation (n)
- •Institution (n)
- •Vocabulary Exercises
- •Historical overview of public administration
- •Insure (V)
- •Insurance (n)
- •Industry (n)
- •Value (n)
- •Value (V)
- •Vocabulary Exercises
- •Business management and public administration
- •Public Administration as an Academic Discipline
- •Managerial, political, and legal approaches to public administration
- •G. Writing
- •Unit 3 Diversity of Public Administration Theory a. Vocabulary
- •Independence (n)
- •Interdependence (n)
- •Vocabulary Exercises Ex. 1. Which words can you derive from the following?
- •Some theoretical aspects of public administration
- •The basic aspects of organization theory
- •The environment of public administration
- •E. Additional Reading
- •F. Discussion
- •"Public organisations are wasteful, private ones are efficient".
- •H. Writing
- •Public Administration Personnel:
- •Role-Types
- •A. Vocabulary
- •Identify (V)
- •Identification (n)
- •Interfere (V)
- •Interference (n)
- •Vocabulary Exercises
- •Public administration personnel: role-types, role conflicts, role overloads
- •D. Post-reading Exercises Language Study
- •E. Additional Reading
- •F. Discussion
- •Personnel Administration: Staffing and Training the Agency
- •Vocabulary Exercises Ex. 1. Which words can you derive from the following?
- •Personnel administration: staffing and training the agency
- •Recruiting
- •Examining and selecting
- •Evaluation
- •Continuing education in the public service
- •D. Post-reading Exercises Language Study
- •Ex. 3. Render into English:
- •E. Additional Reading
- •Promotion of public administration personnel
- •Incompetence as promotion mistakes, or the Peter Principle
- •F. Discussion
- •G. Writing
- •Unit 6 Decision-Making a. Vocabulary
- •Inaction (n)
- •Value (n)
- •Value (V)
- •Influence (n)
- •Influence (V)
- •Vocabulary Exercises Ex. 1. Which words can you derive from the following?
- •C. Reading
- •Four processes of decision-making
- •Information search
- •Models of decision-making
- •Ex. 2. Read the text for understanding its main points and answer the following questions:
- •D. Post-reading Exercises Language Study
- •Ex. 3. Render into English:
- •E. Additional Reading
- •F. Discussion
- •H. Writing
- •Leadership
- •A. Vocabulary
- •List of the Key Words and Expressions
- •Impoverish (V)
- •Vocabulary Exercises Ex. 1. Which words can you derive from the following?
- •C. Reading
- •D. Post-reading Exercises Language Study
- •Ex.3. Render into English:
- •E. Additional Reading the relation between policy, administration, and leadership
- •F. Discussion
- •G. Writing
- •Vocabulary Unit 1
- •Implement (n)
- •Implement (V)
- •Implementation (n)
- •Institution (n)
- •Insure (V)
- •Insurance (n)
- •Industry (n)
- •Value (n)
- •Value (V)
- •Independence (n)
- •Interdependence (n)
- •Identify (V)
- •Identity (n)
- •Initiate (V)
- •Initiate (n)
- •Initiate (adj)
- •Interfere (V)
- •Interference (n)
- •Intelligence (n)
- •Intelligent (adj)
- •Inaction (n)
- •Value (n)
- •Value (V)
- •Influence (n)
- •Influence (V)
- •Impoverish (V)
- •Bibliography Textbooks and Reference Materials
- •Dictionaries
- •220007, Г. Минск, ул. Московская, 17.
D. Post-reading Exercises Language Study
Ex. 1. Match the words to their definitions:
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Ex. 2. Give synonyms to the words given below in italics or briefly explain their meaning:
As problems are defined and information about problems is examined, choices emerge.
There is no right or wrong way to make decisions – sometimes cautious deliberation is the best path.
Often the most important decisions are non-decisions: we put things off, we choose to ignore problems, or to avoid situations or people.
Out of the active search for information the problem gained definition: air pollution is killing tress.
Advances in lasers and genetic engineering influence defense and social policy in ways unanticipated by scientists or their government sponsors.
Should we negotiate with terrorists or do we want to eliminate any incentive for future terrorism?
We saw the unemployed whose benefits had expired, and the families unable to afford decent homes.
We started seeing “the homeless” as people in desperate situations.
Ex. 3. Insert prepositions where necessary:
Often the most important decisions are non-decisions: we choose to ignore … problems, to avoid situations, to put things … .
The most important element in policy making is selecting a problem … attention and placing it … the policy agenda.
Decision-making involves … evaluating the effects and actions.
The distinction … information search and evaluation is arbitrary.
Decision makers try to anticipate … outcomes … they reach conclusions.
The result is the most common criterion – if things turn … well we feel we made the right choice.
Rational decisions are choices based … judgment of preferences and outcomes.
An emerging view of decision-making places a stronger emphasis … decisions as value statements.
Ex. 4. What’s the English for:
А
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B
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Pre-discussion
Ex. 1. Retell the text finishing the following sentences and adding 4-5 phrases of your own:
The text under discussion deals with the problem of …
The four major elements: …, …, … and … which decision-making involves are not sequential.
Problem definition and information search are the first steps in decision-making process. They mean recognizing that a problem exists and … .
Choices emerge when problems are defined and … .
The most difficult aspect of evaluating choices is … .
Ex. 2. Translate into English:
Не существует верных или неверных путей принятия решений. Иногда наилучший путь – тщательное обдумывание и взвешивание возможных вариантов, но бывают и другие ситуации, которые требуют от нас риска.
Иногда, принимая решение, мы тщательно взвешиваем все «за» и «против», но что-то не складывается, и мы понимаем, что сделали неверный выбор.
Определение проблемы, требующей решения, является первым элементом процесса принятия решения.
Когда мы осознали, что проблема существует, первое, что нам хочется сделать – узнать о ней как можно больше. Этот элемент процесса принятия решения называется поиском информации.
Сделать выбор и принять решение очень трудно. Часто результаты выбора непредсказуемы.
Прежде чем достичь согласия по поводу какой-либо проблемы, люди, принимающие решение, стараются предвидеть последствия и оценить их.
Большинство ученых полагают, что существуют две модели принятия решений – рациональная и нерациональная.
Часто случается так, что мы игнорируем проблему, стараемся не замечать ее, а затем обнаруживаем, что наша бездеятельность, так же как и деятельность, имеет положительные результаты.