Text 4 в

Задание 1. Прочтите текст, стараясь понять основное содержание.

(Этот текст надо прочесть за 5 минут).

There are many kinds and grades of paper, but most of them come under the five general classes such as: newsprint, book papers, writing papers covers and cardboards.

While papermaking is a separate industry, its product is so essential to printing that in order to obtain the best results in a job, a printer must have a thorough knowledge of the materials and processes used in the production of paper. A printed product consists in reality of two things: a printed impression and the paper upon which the form is printed. Both are equally important. A careful selection of paper is required for each job in order that the finished product may be harmonious and suited to its particular purpose.

Possibly no other substance is used so extensively as paper. That indispensable medium bears and preserves the printed word.

The most important part of paper is the fibre which forms the body and gives it strength. The fibre is always a vegetable product. Almost any kind of vegetable fibre can be used in paper-making, but those fibres which are strongest and most plentiful are commonly used.

Generally speaking, printing papers may be classified into two main groups: wood-pulp papers and rag papers. Many papers are also formed by a combination of these two basic fibres and are known as rag content papers.

Cheap printing papers such as newsprint, most book papers, cardboards and cheaper grades of writing papers are made from wood pulp. Pulp is produced by two methods: the mechanical process and the sulphite process.

In the mechanical process the logs are ground into fine sawdust, while in the sulphite process the wood is cut into small chips, and then the fibres are separated by cooking them in large kettles known as digesters. The latter process is used more extensively because of the superior quality of the pulp for printing and writing purposes.

Notes:

1. cardboard – картон

2. digester – котел

3. log – бревно

4. preserve – сохранять

5. sawdust – опилки

6. vegetable – растительный

Задание 2. Выберите утверждение, соответствующее содержанию текста.

1. The most important part of paper is:

a) sizing; b) the fibre; c) sulphite.

2. Cheap printing papers are made of:

a) wood pulp; b) rags; c) chemicals.

3. Pulp is produced by:

a) one process; b) two ргоcessеs; c) by three processes.

4. Sulphite process is used more extensively because of

a) its simplicity; b) its cheapness; c) the superior quality of the pulp for printing and writing purposes.

Задание 3. Ответьте на следующие вопросы.

1. What forms the body and gives strength to paper?

2. By what method is pulp produced?

3. What kinds of printing paper are made of wood pulp?

4. How is pulp produced in the mechanical process?

5. Why is the sulphite process used more extensively?

6. How are the fibres separated in this process?

Задание 4. Переведите на английский язык.

1. Волокно является основной частью бумаги.

2. Бумага изготавливается из тряпья и дерева.

3. Любой вид растительного волокна может быть использован в производстве бумаги.

4. Древесную массу получают либо механическим, либо сульфитным процесс-сами.

5. Сульфитный процесс даёт бумагу высокого качества.

6. Печатник должен знать, как изготавливается бумага.

7. Бумага сохраняет бумажное слово.