Завдання для самопідготовки

Перекладіть:

1. найбільш відомі захворювання

2. уникнути захворювання

3. бути викликаним вірусом

4. свинка та краснуха

5. відчуття загального дискомфорту

6. визивати оперізуючий лишай

7. вдихати інфіковані крапельки в повітрі

8. кір та вітряна віспа

9. бути імунізованим проти

10. кашлюк та скарлатина

Дайте відповідь на запитання:

1. What are the most known diseases of childhood?

2. What are the signs and symptoms of measles?

3. What are rubella’s clinical symptoms?

4. What are manifestations of mumps?

5. What childhood infections are immunized against?

6. What are the symptoms of whooping cough?

7. What are the signs of chickenpox?

8. What are the clinical features of scarlet fever?

Розкрийте поняття: дитячі інфекційні захворювання, кашлюк, кір, свинка, вітряна віспа, скарлатина

OPEN WOUNDS

Відкриті рани

Exercise 1. Active vocabulary:

torn, adj	[´tɔ:n]	рваний
punctured, adj	[´pʌŋkt∫әd]	колений
blunt, adj	[´blʌnt]	тупий
contusion, n	[kәn´tјu:ʒn]	забите місце
object, n	[´ɒbʤәkt]	предмет, річ
incision, n	[ɪn´sɪʒәn]	розріз
incised, adj	[ɪn´saizd]	різаний
laceration, n	[,læsә´reɪ∫n]	розрив
linear, adj	[´lɪnɪә]	лінійний
stellate, adj	[´stelɪt]	зіркоподібний
abrasion, n	[ә´breɪʒn]	садно
graze, n	[greɪz]	подряпина
superficial, adj	[,su:pә´fɪ∫әl]	поверхневий
slide, v	[´slaɪd]	ковзати
rough , adj	[´rʌf]	грубий, шершавий
penetration , n	[,penɪ´treɪ∫n]	проникнення
gun-shot , n	[´gʌn∫ɔt]	постріл
bullet, n	[´bulɪt]	куля
projectile, n	[prә´ʤektaɪl]	снаряд, куля

Exercise 2.Guess the meaning of the following words without a dictionary:

Hematoma, pathology, linear, epidermis, contusion, penetration, disintegrate, abrasion, trauma, chronic, medicine, puncture, typical, category, classification, object, period, collection, traumatic, process, diabetic, circulation, infection, systemic, abscess, critical, locally, sepsis, scrape, sterile solution, antiseptic, bandage, serious, physically.

Exercise 3. Find corresponding equivalents:

dress a wound	відскрібати
Stitching	перев’язувати рану
Topmost	рвана рана
scrape off	накладання швів
"through -and-through"	колота рана
punctured wound	найвищий
laceration	наскрізний

Exercise 4. Complete the table with the missing forms:

Nouns	Verbs
	to injure
Tear
	to infect
Cause
Collection
	to puncture
	to incise
Penetration
Circulation
	to disrupt
Application
Support
	to relieve
	to measure
Spread
	to damage

Exercise 5. Read and translate the following word combinations into Ukrainian:

The dermis of the skin; a blunt force trauma; a sharp-edged object; a glass splinter; irregular tear-like wounds; blunt trauma; scrub the injury of any foreign materials and tissue; apply some sort of closing technique; stitching; the application of a pressure dressing; realign the edges of the wound; speed healing; lessen scarring; superficial wounds; the topmost layer of the skin; remain intact; a sliding fall; a rough surface.

Exercise 6. Read and translate the text:

OPEN WOUNDS

In medicine, a wound is a type of injury in which skin is torn, cut or punctured (an open wound), or where a blunt force trauma causes a contusion (a closed wound). In pathology, it specifically refers to a sharp injury which damages the dermis of the skin.

Open wounds can be classified according to the object that caused the wound. The types of open wounds are:

Incisions or incised wounds are caused by a clean, sharp-edged object such as a knife, a razor or a glass splinter.

Lacerations are irregular tear-like wounds caused by some blunt trauma. Lacerations and incisions may be linear (regular) or stellate (irregular). The first step to treat this kind of wound is to stop bleeding, clean and scrub the injury of any loose materials and tissue, and then apply some sort of closing technique, whether through stitching or the application of a pressure dressing. The edges of the wound should be realigned to speed healing and lessen scarring.

Abrasions (grazes) are superficial wounds in which the topmost layer of the skin (the epidermis) is scraped off, but the tissue underneath remains intact. Abrasions are often caused by a sliding fall onto a rough surface. Cleansing of the wound and removal of any foreign material is important within the first 24 hours. Treatment is usually non-surgical and consists of the application of a moist dressing to protect the new tissue that forms to heal the abrasion.

Puncture wounds are caused by an object puncturing the skin, such as a nail or needle.

Penetration wounds are caused by an object such as a knife entering and coming out from the skin.

Gunshot wounds are caused by a bullet or similar projectile driving into or through the body. There may be two wounds, one at the site of entry and one at the site of exit, generally referred to as a "through-and-through."

Exercise 7. Answer the following questions:

1. What are the main two types of wounds?

2. What does a wound mean in medicine?

3. What does the wound refer to in pathology?

4. How can open wounds be classified?

5. What are incisions caused by?

6. What types of open wounds do you know?

7. What is the treatment for lacerations?

8. What is a “through-and-through” wound?

Exercise 8. Translate the following word-combinations into English:

Вогнепальна рана; рана від проникнення; колоті рани; подряпина і садно; розрив (рвана рана); розріз (різана рана); пошкодження; наскрізна рана; загоювати садно; поверхнева рана; залишатися непошкодженим; найвищий шар шкіри; лінійні розрізи;зіркоподібні розрізи; вирівняти краї рани; прискорити загоєння; зменшити рубець.

Exercise 9. Define the type of wound according to its description:

1. It occurs when the skin rubs or scrapes against a rough or hard surface. Road rash is an example of this type of wound. There is usually not much bleeding, but the wound needs to be scrubbed and cleaned well to avoid infection.

2. A sharp object, such as a knife, shard of glass, or razor blade, causes it. The wound bleeds a lot and quickly. If it is deep, tendons, ligaments, and muscles might be damaged.

3. It is an irregular or jagged break or tearing of the skin. These wounds are often caused from accidents with tools and machinery, and bleed rapidly and extensively.

4. It is a small hole caused by a long, pointy object, such as a nail, needle, or ice pick. Sometimes a bullet can also cause such a wound. It may not bleed much, but it can be deep enough to damage internal organs. If you have such a wound—even a small one—visit your doctor to get a tetanus booster shot and prevent infection.

5. It is a form of physical trauma sustained from the discharge of arms used in armed conflicts, civilian sporting and criminal activity. The immediate damaging effect of the wound is typically severe bleeding, thus, it can be fatal or cause long-term consequences.

Exercise 10. Put questions to the underlined words:

1. Open wounds can be classified according to the object that caused the wound.

2. Incisions or incised wounds are caused by a clean, sharp-edged object.

3. The first step to treat this kind of wound is to stop bleeding.

4. The edges of the wound should be realigned to speed healing and lessen scarring.

5. The topmost layer of the skin was scraped off.

6. Abrasions are often caused by a sliding fall onto a rough surface.

7. In abrasions the tissue underneath the epidermis remains intact.

8. Treatment consists of the application of a moist dressing to protect the new tissue.

Exercise 11. Open the brackets and translate the sentences into Ukrainian:

1. This type of wound usually (to refer) to as through-and-through wounds.

2. Closed wounds (to have) fewer categories than open ones.

3. In abrasions the topmost layer of the skin (to scrape) off.

4. Abrasions often (to cause) by a sliding fall onto a rough surface.

5. A moist dressing (to apply) on his wound to protect the new tissue.

6. The doctors (to apply) six stitches on his wound.

7. First the edges of the laceration (to clean) then realigned.

8. This puncture wound (to cause) by a nail.

Exercise 12. Translate into English:

1. Як правило, відкриті рани дуже швидко заживають.

2. Різані рани виникають внаслідок не дуже акуратного використання тонких, гострих предметів.

3. Колоті рани досить серйозні, так як може статися пошкодження внутрішніх органів або м'язових тканин.

4. Рвані рани супроводжуються рясною кровотечею, викликають сильні болі.

5. Необхідна обробка різних видів відкритих ран.

6. Неглибокі рани обробляють антисептичними препаратами і накладають стерильну пов'язку на місце пошкодження.

7. При колотих ранах необхідно зупинити кровотечу. Якщо кров продовжує йти, потрібно відразу накласти стерильну пов'язку і не знімати, поки кровотеча не зупиниться.