Laboratory
.docxLABORATORY I
Переведите следующие слова:
To denote To devote Investigation
Purpose To advance Application
To manufacture Glass To research
Essential To perform Facilities
Equipment Installation Instrument
Device To have at one’s disposal Quite
A number of Rather Set
To divide into To carry out experiments Assignment
To check Under the supervision of
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The word “laboratory” is used to denote any room or building devoted to experimental investigations in science for the purpose of advancing man’s knowledge for special applications of natural laws. The first scientific laboratory of the Russian Academy of Science was founded in 1748. In this laboratory M.V. Lomonosov began to manufacture glass.
A modern research lab is an essential part of any scientific or educational establishment for performing experiments and collecting information. Modern labs must have large facilities for research. They have modern equipment, installations, instruments and devices. Modern methods of investigation are widely used in laboratories as well as such instruments as computers, correlators, stimulators, thermometers, manometers, barometers and so on.
Each faculty has at its disposal quite a number of rather well equipped labs to help students in their studies and give them an idea of their future work. In every lab there are not more than 8-10 sets of devices so students are divided into several groups to carry out experiments and research. Before starting lab work students are given home assignments to calculate and they check them in the laboratory. Lab work is done under the supervision of their teachers. Work in the lab is an essential part of the program for training future engineers.
LABORATORY II
Переведите следующие слова:
To be located Solid state Property
Liquid Density Analytical balance
To measure By means of Specimen
Accuracy Circuit Digital
To process data Readings Wavelength
Origin Radiation counter
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There are many laboratories at our University; some of them are located at the Department of Physics. They are a laboratory of mechanics and molecular physics, a laboratory of electricity and magnetism, a laboratory of optics and a laboratory of physics of solid state.
The laboratory of mechanics and molecular physics. Properties of gases, liquids and solids such as density, molar mass, viscosity, heat conductivity are studied here. Various devices are necessary to study them, for example, a mercury thermometer, a mercury barometer, a water manometer, an aerometer, an analytical balance and some others. The aerometer is used for measuring density of liquids. By means of analytical balance we can find the mass of specimen with great accuracy.
The laboratory of electricity and magnetism. In the laboratory of electricity and magnetism students study electric devices and circuits and magnetic properties of substances. In their work they use various modern instruments and devices such as lasers, digital ammeters and voltmeters, computers. Computers are used for measuring electrical signals and processing data. During their laboratory work students take instruments’ readings, mathematically process the experimental data by means of computers and obtain the necessary parameters.
The laboratory of optics. Optical phenomena such as diffraction, interference and others are studied in this laboratory. Students also get some idea of holography. There are various instruments in this laboratory, for example, spectroscopes, an optical microscope, lasers and others. The spectroscope is used for measuring the wavelength of different spectrum lines. The laser is used for studying diffraction. The origin of the word “laser” is very interesting. It is the abbreviation for the words “light amplification (by) stimulated emission (of) radiation” (усиление света вынужденным излучением).
The laboratory of physics of solid state. In this laboratory students study properties of semiconductors, processes of interaction between electromagnetic radiation and the substance, physical properties of solid bodies. There is a computerized unit for measuring and computation of various parameters. There are also powerful magnets and radiation counters.