Grammar notes. Глагол to be

To be – быть, находиться, являться.

	ед. ч.		мн. ч.
1 л.	I	am	we	are
2 л.	you	is	you	are
3 л.	he, she, it	is	they	are

Повествовательное предложение + отрицательное.

I am (not) a secretary. They are (not) directors.

He is (not) a manager. We are (not) a team.

Общие вопросы.

Is she a secretary? Yes, she is/No, she is not.

Are they managers? Yes, they are/No, they are not.

Специальные вопросы.

What is your job, Mr. Green? I am an engineer.

Where are the documents?

Местоимения.

(who) личные	(whose) притяжательные		(whom) объектные
I You She He It We You They	my your her his its our your their	mine yours hers his - ours yours theirs	me you her him it us you them

Fill in pronouns. Вставьте в пропуски подходящие по смыслу местоимения.

1. May I ask ___ some questions? Do, please. Ask ___ any questions you like. 2. Who is Olaf Olafsson? ___ is President of Sony’s videogame division. 3. What does ___ company do? ___ company makes furniture. 4. Mr. Lloyd arrives. Could you meet ___ at the airport? 5. Sony is in electronics. ___ produces TVs, stereos, video cassette recorders.

Present Simple.

Вспомогательный глагол do/does (для 3л. ед.ч. в вопросительных и отрицательных предложениях) употребляется с :

1. постоянными состояниями, действиями

She is from France. She speaks English.

2. общеизвестными, научными фактами

Bees make honey.

3. регулярными действиями (рутинными) часто с наречиями always, often, sometimes, never, every Sunday morning, once a week, rarely, usually.

We go to Italy for our holiday every Summer.

She doesn’t drink coffee after midday.

I never get up before 9 o’clock on Sunday.

4. с глаголами, которые не употребляются в форме “continuous” (be, have, depend, know, think(считать), understand, disagree, like, want, hear, love, see, smell, taste).

I don’t have much money.

Does she understand?

That perfume smells very strong.

5. для обозначения будущего времени в расписаниях, программах

The train leaves at 5.33.

Do classes begin at the same time as last year.

В 3 л. ед.ч. к глаголу добавляется окончание –s(-es)

He writes letters every day.

put – puts (s) go – goes (es) wash – washes (es)

Cook – cooks (s) spend – spends (s) produce – produces

y →i

copy – copies modify - modifies

Глагол to do

don’t doesn’t

Общие вопросы			Краткие ответы
Do	we	make ………?	Yes, I do. No, I don’t.
	you
	they
Does	he	go …………?	Yes, he does. No, she doesn’t .
	she
	it
Don’t	I	go …………?	I don’t go out on Sunday.
	you
	we
	they
Doesn’t	he	do……….?	He doesn’t do this work properly.
	she
	it

Специальные вопросы (начинаются с вопросительного местоимения)

Порядок слов.

вопросит.мест. вспомогат.гл. подлеж. сказ. дополн. обстоят.

Who	do	you	work	for?
Where	does	he	live?
What company	do	they	work	with?
When	does	his train	arrive?
How much	does	this sweater	cost?
How long	does	it	take	to get	there?
Why	do	you	like	your job?