2_Forms of Business Organizations
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Legal status of enterprises: Civil Code of the
Russian Federation (Part I, 1995). Legal entities
For-profit Not-for-profit organizations organizations
Economic
partnerships
Production cooperatives
State-owned and municipal unitary enterprises
Consumers’ cooperatives
Funds
Associations and units
Institutions
Public (social) religious organizations
For-profit partnerships and companies
Unlimited partnership (Полное товарищество)
Limited company (Общество с ограниченной
ответственностью)
Mixed partnership (Товарищество на вере)
Company with additional (consolidated) responsibilities (Общество с дополнительной ответственностью)
Affiliated and dependent companies (Дочерние и зависимые компании)
Joint-stock companies (Акционерные общества)
Parent and owing companies
Parent company
(основное общество)
owns less than
20% of an owned
company, the owned company is called an
affiliated company
(дочерняя компания)
Main company
(преобладающее,
участвующее общество) owns more than 20% of an owned company, the owned company is called a dependent company
(зависимая компания)
Business Integration |
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Government-owned corporation
(GOC)
distinct legal form to operate in commercial affairs;
created by a government to
undertake commercial activities on behalf of an owner government;
can be fully owned, or partially owned by government.
GOC’ unique feature: non-profit 
organization
GOCs have no goal of
satisfying the shareholders with return on their investment through price
increase or dividends
GOC: management and control
GOCs are not obliged to submit to public official documents;
GOC is subordinate to the President;
Government controls GOC on the basis
of corporation reports and conclusions of auditing commission;
Other federal departments, organs of state power of the Russian Federation, the local authorities have no right to interfere in the GOC’s activity.
State corporations in Russia
State Atomic Energy Corporation
"ROSATOM“ (2007)
The Russian Technologies State
Corporation (2007)
State Corporation Olympstroy (2007)
State Corporation “Autodor” (2009)
Government-linked company (GLC)
private or public corporate entity (listed on a stock exchange);
government owns a stake;
holding company structure.
GLC’s definitions: proportion of the 
corporate entity a government owns
if a government |
any corporate |
owns an |
entity that |
effective |
has a |
controlling |
government |
interest |
as a |
(>50%) |
shareholder |
Open Joint Stock Company Gazprom (www.gazprom.com)
Gazprom’s share in the world gas production is about 20%