Глава 3. Местоимение.

3.1. Формы местоимений.

Личные местоимения имеют 5 форм: именительный (И), объектный (О) и притяжательный (П) падежи, абсолютную форму притяжательных местоимений (АП) и форму возвратных местоимений.

Упр.3.1.a.Заполните пропуски в таблице недостающими формами местоимений.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Именит. I _______ _______ she _______ we _______ _______ _______

Объектн. me you(ед.ч.) ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ one

Притяжат. my _______ his _______ _______ _______ your(мн.ч.) _______ _______

Абсол. притяж. mine ________ ________ ________ несуществ. ________ ________ theirs _______

Возвратн. myself _______ _______ _______ itself _______ _______ _______ ________

3.1.1. Местоимения в именительном падеже.

Местоимения в именительном падеже употребляются:

- в качестве подлежащего в простых предложениях и в главной и придаточной частях сложных предложений;

- при сравнении подлежащих 2-х предложений;

- в конструкциях типа: It was he at the door.

Упр.3.1.1.a. Определите предложения, в которых местоимения употреблены в правильной форме.

1. It was I whom called you last night.

2. It is true that I am taller than he.

3. It must have been he whom the police arrested.

4. If you were me would you lend him money?

5. My teacher thinks that I am more intelligent than him.

3.1.2. Местоимения в объектном падеже.

Местоимения в объектном падеже употребляются:

- в качестве прямых и косвенных дополнений к глаголам;

- в предложных дополнениях;

- при сравнении дополнений двух предложений.

Упр.3.1.2.a. Заполните пропуски нужным объектным местоимением.

1. Our parents worry about my brother more than about ______ .

2. Mary asked us not to leave without ______ .

3. The doctor _______ he visited specialized in eye diseases.

4. If I see ________ tonight, I will tell him to call you.

5. No one likes that waitress because it takes _______ so long to bring the food.

Упр.3.1.2.b. Определите предложения, в которых местоимения употреблены в правильной форме.

1. The students whom live across the street make a lot of noise .

2. No one knows what happened except you, Flassy, and I.

3. It must have been he whom we saw at the movie.

4. This is a good picture of him.

5. I think that the teacher knows whom took these photographs.

3.1.3. Притяжательные местоимения.

Притяжательные местоимения выражают принадлежность и употребляются перед существительным (в качестве определения) и перед герундием.

Абсолютная форма притяжательных местоимений используется:

- вместо существительного в функции подлежащего или дополнения;

- после глагола to be и предлога, чтобы указать на принадлежность;

- при сравнении 2-х дополнений одного класса, имеющих разных владельцев.

Например: It is her diskette. Yours is on the shelf.

Here is your CD, but where is mine?

I found an old resume of yours in this file.

Their PC can calculate derivatives faster than ours.

Упр.3.1.3.a. Заполните пропуски нужным притяжательным местоимением.

1. He doesn’t realize that ______ whistling annoys the class.

2. The person ______ car I just hit is going to be very angry.

3. Charlotte insisted the coat was ____ .

4. The queen greeted _____ subjects outside the palace.

5. I brought my car, but Phil refused to bring _____ .

6. The little boy dropped his ice-cream, so his mother gave him _____ .

7. I did _____ best on the homework.

8. Didn’t you tell me that a friend of ____ is staying with you?

Упр.3.1.3.b. Определите предложения, в которых местоимения употреблены в правильной форме.

1. The student whom forgot his books is going to be unhappy tonight.

2. Her mother reminded her three times to do her homework.

3. Your cat is much larger than me.

4. The director has no idea whose car is blocking his.

5. If I can do my homework you should certainly be able to do yours.

6. George brought a friend of his to class yesterday.

3.1.4. Возвратные местоимения.

Возвратные местоимения употребляются:

- чтобы усилить существительное или местоимение, к которому они относятся;

- в качестве дополнения после предлога by;

• в тех случаях, когда подлежащее и дополнение - одно лицо: He used to talk to himself.

Упр.3.1.4.a. Заполните пропуски нужным возвратным местоимением.

1. He knows it _________ .

2. I understand your interest for this work. I’m so much interested in it _______ .

3. Jane is able to do it ________ .

4. Bring back the textbook. I need it ________ .

5. She has a habit of checking everything for ________ .

6. Boys, I’m leaving. Finish the work by _________ .

7. She’ll understand the situation _________ .

8. We shall do everything _______ .

9. Don’t take any medicine. Your headache will pass by ________ .

10. Go there and you’ll see everything for _______ .

11. He’ll get a ticket only for _______ .

12. John is making a mistake, I suppose. Later on he’ll be angry with _______ .

m. We prefer living by _______ .

n. The governor ________ will speak at the university.

o. That woman has put _______ in a difficult position.

3.1.5. Обзорные упражнения по формам личных местоимений.

Упр.3.1.5.a. Выберите подходящее местоимение из двух, предложенных в скобках.

1. The director will hire the person (who, whom) has the best credentials.

2. The first ones in line were Nancy, Jim and (he, him).

3. His shoes are much newer than (her, hers).

4. They offered their seats to you and (I, me).

5. It was (she, her) who asked the question.

6. No one was surprised at (him, his) winning the contest.

7. There should be no secrets between you and (he, him).

8. (Who, Whom) was it that asked that question?

9. Beverly is a good friend of (me, mine).

10. The picnic won’t be any fun without you and (they, them)

11. I can’t figure out (who, whom) is on the phone.

12. John did all the homework by (him, himself).

13. Everyone but (he, him) did well on the test.

Упр.3.1.5.b. В каждом предложении найдите одно подчеркнутое слово или фразу, которые следует заменить или исправить. Не всегда ошибка связана с неправильным употреблением местоимения.

1. Jan Sibelius, a Finnish (A) composer (B), captured the spirit of him (C) country in his music (D).

2. The injured (A) passengers on the airplane that (B) crashed found themself (C) miles from the nearest (D) hospital.

3. Sequoya, whom English (A) name was (B) George Guess, invented (C) a syllabary for the Cherokee (D) language.

4. Regarding (A) as the creator of the historical (B) novel, Sir Walter Scott captured his (C) readers’ imagination with his (D) stirring tales.

5. At the age of (A) 26, William Shakspeare married (B) a woman who was eight years older (C) than him (D).

6. The Queen of England she keeps (A) her (B) crown in the Tower of London where (C) both tourists and English citizens can view it (D).

7. Faced with (A) the possibility of a water shortage during the summer month, the city has asked it (B) citizens to limit (C) their use (D) of water.

8. As the population of Africa continues (A) to grow (B), animals will continue to lose (C) theirs (D) native habitat.