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In three sentences the verb or expression of ability can be replaced with could or couldn't. Which three sentences?

2. Choosing the best form

Underline the correct verb or verb phrase. (Sometimes both are possible.)

Example: Animals can / manage to communicate with each other.

1 I managed to / could persuade him to come to the restaurant with us.

2 She managed to / could persuade anybody to do anything.

3 I couldn't / didn't manage to understand the instructions for the game.

4 Pierre wasn't able to / couldn't wash the car because he had to leave early.

5 'I can smell / I'm smelling something burning,' said Natasha.

6 To be an airline pilot you must be able to / can react quickly in difficult situations.

7 Rebecca won't be able to / can't come at the weekend after all.

8 I've been able to / can drive since I was 17.

3. Completing a text

Fill in each gap in the sentences below with a verb of ability. (More than one is possible for most of the gaps.)

• Monkeys can count up to nine, and 1.__________ recognise which groups of objects are larger than others. Scientists have shown that animals 2. __________ think, even though they 3.__________ talk.

Humans 4. __________ look at groups of four or fewer objects and know how many things are in the group without having to count. Researchers found that the monkeys 5. __________ count to four, so they were then tested on five to nine objects. They did just as well. They 6.__________ do this, the researchers say, because they had learnt some rules about numbers and counting.

• Some years ago in Atlanta, Georgia, a bonobo chimpanzee called Kanzi 7. __________ slice his food by breaking a rock into small pieces and using a sharp part to cut with.

• British experimenters tested sheep's abilities by showing them photographs of each other. Now we know that sheep 8. __________ recognise each other from photographs.

/From Developing Grammar in Context. Mark Nettle and Diana Hopkins/

Speaking Sea Battle

1. Look at the grid below. Highlight seven boxes containing the abilities which you have or used to have earlier in your life. Do not show your partner your grid!

2. Work in pairs and ask each other in turns about the abilities given in the grid you think your partner may have. (e.g. Can you perform modern dances?) Your aim is to find the seven boxes your partner highlighted. If you hit one, find out some details about the partner’s abilities. (e.g. How long has he or she been able to do sth? Why did he or she give it up? Has he or she ever received any prize (or has somehow been praised) for his or her ability?)

Use the other grid to keep a record of your partner’s answers.

The pair which finds all the seven highlighted boxes of each other and can give a detailed description of each other’s abilities – WINS!!!

dance folk dances (Oriental, Latin etc)

watch foreign movies without dubbing or subtitles

show sb the sights in my native city (or Moscow)

make models from plasticine or clay

write short stories or poems

learn and recite poems

play a musical instrument

draw with pencil

dance modern dances

take professional photographs

participate in discussions in foreign languages

perform songs

put professional make-up on sb or style sb’s hair

write for-and-against essays

construct objects with lego bricks

knit, weave or sew

write reviews

perform on stage

paint in oil (watercolors etc)

do origami

grow flowers or arrange them beautifully

do magic tricks (card tricks)

do computer design work

(design a web-site)

read books in foreign languages

your special ability

1 Lowry, Glenn -   Director, Art Gallery of Ontario

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