Glebovsky_Angl_yaz_ch2_09_1_1

separate but, although they rest on strip foundations outside the raft foundation, they are in fact tied back to the basement by concrete shear walls below ground level and this prevents differential movement.

Notes:

buttress v. поддерживать insert n. закладная деталь soft adj. мягкий

Ответьте на вопросы к тексту

1.What building materials were used in the superstructure?

2.What elements of the building was each of them used for?

3.What kinds of foundation does the superstructure bear on?

4.What soil is there underneath the structure?

5.How is the stability of the middle unit assured?

6.Why does the front unit have a concrete raft foundation stiffened by concrete basement walls?

Фонетическое задание

Найдите в тексте слова, транскрипция которых дана ниже, и переведите их на русский язык.

[]; [ []; [ []; []; []

Лексические упражнения

Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык приведённые ниже словосочетания.

cast-in-place concrete floor, brick cavity wall, prestressed precast concrete floor unit, 225 mm thick return wall, vertical movement joint, differential movement, main hall floor, ground floor wall.

Упражнение2. Переведитеследующиеслова исловосочетанияна английский язык:

боковаястена, в основном, вход, двутавроваябалка, жёсткаядиафрагма, заканчиваться, край, между, оба, опирать, опорнаяфундаментнаяплита, поддерживать, подобный, полоса, посредством, противостоять, ряд, несколько, вертикальнаяопора, слой, слойизносаизмонолитногобетона, смежные элементы, снаружи, соединять (пролётом), фасад, характеризоваться, хотя.

Упражнение 3. Выберите толкование, которое соответствует строительному термину в левой колонке, и переведите его на русский язык.

Дайтеоднокоренныесловактерминам, помеченнымзвёздочкой(*).

A.BASEMENT*

B. CLAY

C. DIAPHRAGM

D. LONGITUDINAL

E.PRESTRESS*

F. STIFFNESS*

1.A thin transverse plate used to stiffen a thin-walled structure such as a shell or box girder.

2.A measure of resistance of a structure or structural element to direct bending, or other type of deformation.

3.General name for soil of very fine grain (частица) size and highly cohesive (когезионный) nature. Change in water content causes change from soft to hard.

4.Enclosed space within a building part or whole of which is below the level of the ground surface.

5.In the direction of the longer plan dimension.

6.To apply loads to a structure or structural element for the purpose of increasing the state of internal stress on a permanent basis.

Упражнение 4. Определите, есть ли ошибки в переводе представленных ниже слов. Если ошибки имеются, укажите правильный перевод.

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across	поперёк, через	piece	часть
additionally	дополнительный	prevent	препятствовать
each other	друг друга	so that	так что
face	фасад	thus	этот
from	от	whole	весь
height	высота	wide	широкий

Грамматические упражнения

Упражнение1. Переведитеследующиепредложения, обращаявнимание на причастные обороты.

1.57 ft long precast beams run along the south and east sides, the latter being a prestressed post-tensioned beam.

2.Vehicles entering the park use a semi-helical ramp built at one end of the building.

3.Both beams are supported by the internal cross wall, a 19 mm thick fin neoprene pad with a central pin being provided here in order to spread the load and avoid cracking.

4.The tubular columns are of welded construction, its 15 mm thick plate walls stiffened with internal diaphragms.

5.The floor panels are 8 in thick but have different spans, the different slab strengths, thus required, being provided by post-tensioning.

6.The erection of the precast elements took 8 weeks, the maximum weight of one element being 19 tons.

7.Floors are of composite construction comprising 10 cm thick precast concrete slabs spanning between the floor beams and interconnecting the structural steelwork in the longitudinal direction.

8.Total time for construction was fifteen months, all steelwork being erected within four months.

Упражнение 2. Работа в парах.

Студент C: Задайте 5 вопросов различных типов к тексту А. Студент D: Ответьте на вопросы к тексту студента C. Студенты C и D: Поменяйтесь ролями.

Текст B

MOTORWAY RESTAURANT NEAR MONTEPULCIANO, ITALY

It is a two-storey elevated structure spanning a motorway. On both sides of the motorway there is access through a core comprising two lifts and two staircases. The overall dimensions of the superstructure are 79.5015.00 m with the clearance over motorway being 5.50 m.

The striking appearance of this elevated restaurant is largely due to the two single-leg rigid frames which support the building and which are in weathering steel. The main girder of each of these frames cantilevers 17.50 m rearwards from the tapered leg, while in the other direction it extends across the width of the motorway, rests on the concrete core on the opposite side and cantilevers 14.00 m beyond it. At roof level the girders are interconnected at intervals of 4.00 m by cross girders from which the two storey superstructure is suspended. The depth of main girder is 3800 mm over the leg, decreasing to 1700 mm at each end with the width of the flange – 900 mm. Each frame is of welded plate construction, the webs being stiffened by welded plates at each cross girder connection, while the leg is pin-jointed at its base to a concrete footing. The cross girders are plate girders with a maximum depth of 1410 mm at mid-span, but the cross girder over the concrete core on which the longer arms of the main girders of the frames are supported is of box section.

The transverse beams in the upper floor of the superstructure are 400 mm deep rolled steel sections which are suspended from each cross girder by two inner hangers and two outer hangers, the latter being in the two longitudinal facades. Both floors have longitudinal secondary beams, spaced at 2.60 m centres, carrying steel trough decking laid transversely and filled with in-situ concrete. The roof and floors are stiffened with horizontal cross bracings.

Notes:

arm n. плечо clearance n. просвет

motorway n. автомагистраль

Задания по тексту

1.Переведите текст.

2.Составьте план текста из 6–8 пунктов.

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3.Пользуясь составленным Вами планом, кратко изложите содержание текста на русском языке.

Лексическое упражнение

Переведите на русский языкприведённые ниже словаисловосочетания. Если Вы не знаете слово, найдите его в словаре. Дайте синонимы подчёркнутых слов и антонимы слов, выделенных курсивом.

at mid-span, cross girder, decrease, elevated structure, extend, hanger, interconnected, opposite side, over, rearwards, single-leg rigid frame, stiffen, striking appearance, superstructure, tapered leg, the latter, trough decking, weathering steel, welded plate construction, which.

ТекстA

GROUP OF EXHIBITION PAVILIONS IN TORONTO, CANADA

The development includes exhibition and recreation grounds laid out on three artificial islands in Lake Ontario. In a bay enclosed by the islands there is a group of five pavilions built on stilts in the water and so arranged that the bridges linking the pavilions to the islands and to one another are joined to the corners of these structures, which are square on plan.

One of the pavilions contains a restaurant and a hall. The four other pavilions contain 3000 m2 of exhibition floor space. Visitors walk through the buildings at various levels on footbridges which intersect them in the two diagonal directions. External staircases are provided at the corners and there are ramps along the sides of the pavilions. The pavilions are erected at a height of 10.30 m above water level on 32 m high columns.

At the centre of each pavilion there are four 762 mm dia tubular columns arranged in a square with a side length of 3.55 m. At 20.0 m above water level, four pairs of lattice girders are connected to these columns. The lattice girders extend to the four corners of the square structure and their ends are tied back by inclined cable stays to the tops of the columns protruding above roof level. The top chords of the lattice girders are interconnected by an edge girder and by floor beams running longitudinally and transversely.

The lower-level floor beams, which are interconnected to form a grillage, are attached on the inside to the four tubular columns, while the outer ends are suspended by vertical hangers from the ends of the lattice girders and additionally supported by inclined cables in the facades. The intersections of the floor beams are supported by externally exposed trussed bracings.

The rectangular hollow section beams at top and bottom level carry steel trough decking with 13 cm in-situ concrete slab with the imposed load on floors being 488 kg/m2. Wind forces are transmitted through the floor slabs and through horizontal cross bracings between the pairs of lattice girders to the four tubular columns, which are set in open caisson foundations and are interconnected by vertical bracings.

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Ducts accommodating various services are installed between the lattice girders, which are spaced 3.55 m apart. The footbridges inside the pavilions are suspended from the lattice girders.

Notes:

cable stay ванта, канатная стяжка caisson foundation кессонный фундамент island n. остров

recreation n. отдых, развлечение trussed bracing решётчатые связи walk v. идти

Ответьте на вопросы к тексту

1.What kind of development is it?

2.How is circulation within the buildings provided?

3.What is the function of the tubular columns at the centre of each pavilion?

4.What are the top chords of the lattice girders interconnected by?

5.How are the lower-level floor beams supported?

6.What do the rectangular hollow section beams carry?

7.How are wind forces transmitted?

8.Where are service ducts installed?

Фонетическое задание

Найдите в тексте слова, транскрипция которых дана ниже, и переведите их на русский язык.

[]; [ []; [ []; []; []

Лексические упражнения

Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык приведённые ниже слова и словосочетания.

artificial island, diagonal direction, exhibition pavilion, imposed load, inside (n.), intersection, lattice girder, rectangular hollow section beam, square (n.), water level.

Упражнение 2. Переведите следующие слова и словосочетания на английский язык:

бухта; верхнийпояс; выступатьвперёд; застройка; канал, жёлоб; квадрат; квадратныйвплане; краеваябалка; между; наклонять; наружнаялестница; пересекать; пересечение; пешеходный мост; подвешивать; поперечный; располагать; решётка; связывать; содержать; соединять; стойка; трубчатая колонна.

Упражнение 3. Заполните пропуски в тексте, используя слова из приведённого ниже списка:

adequately	include
as	may
enough	minimum
forces	tensile chord stresses
in order to	ties

Connection Resistance

The forces to be considered when designing connections (1)… gravity loads, temporary erection loads, those caused by differential settlements, horizontal loads normal to the wall, horizontal forces that act parallel to the wall, creep, shrinkage, and differential thermal (2)… . These (3)… act separately or in combinations. Beams, serving (4)… the flange or chord of a horizontal diaphragm must have continuous reinforcement (5)… resist the (6)… resulting from the horizontal diaphragm action. To provide that continuity the reinforcement must be (7)… spliced. If the diaphragm chord is a timber member, bolted splices must be designed so that the total axial tensile force can be transferred across the joint. On the other edges of the diaphragm, the connection must be strong (8)… to transfer the total direct shear stresses carried from the diaphragm web into the wall. The (9)… design shear force to be transferred from diaphragm to shear wall is 200 lb/ft2. Shear transfer from wood diaphragms can be accomplished with shear bolts and (10)… .

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Грамматические упражнения

Упражнение1. Переведитеследующиепредложения, обращаявнимание на конверсию.

1.In this place connections were made with steel angles or plates.

2.Three steel portal frames, each with two transverse girders, are placed at the top of the building.

3.The entrance to both buildings is at terrace level.

4.Before erection, the large floor units were levelled and assembled from elements of identical size.

5.Wind forces are transmitted to the foundations.

6.It is made in order to force the vertical wind-bracing.

7.The hotel has ten upper storeys which cantilever outwards like wings.

8.The ends of these cantilevers are joined together by edge girders.

Упражнение2. Переведитеследующиепредложения, обращаявнимание на причастия.

1.The floor is of prestressed hollow core concrete planks, 8 ft wide and 8 in thick, used without a topping.

2.As soon as they were erected, the floor flanks were used to stabilize the trusses by welding of a plate embedded in the planks to the chords of the trusses.

3.Ranging in diameter from 36 to 78 in and in length from 5 to 50 ft, those piers support 78 columns.

4.The cladding consists of vertical precast concrete strips alternating with windows.

5.Structural steel used is about 7 lb/ft2 of floor area.

6.The building foundations are piled, all precast columns being positioned in 2 ft deep pockets in 3 ft deep ground beams sitting on the piles.

7.Drilled piers with an end-bearing pressure of 50 tons/sq ft were placed near the channels edge.

8.Inside the ground floor has a suspended ceiling 10 in below the slab soffit.

Упражнение 3. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на оборот there + to be.

1.There was a heavy 9 in deep concrete slab at each floor level.

2.There were ribs between the grooves with overall depth of 40 mm.

3.There is a 125×500 mm precast concrete edge beam on the east and west sides.

4.There were some 20 concrete roof slabs, laid in situ or composed of precast concrete units.

Текст B

LIBRARY IN PANTIN, FRANCE

This library is accommodated in a two-storey building subdivided into five equal units: the central unit and four other units which are connected in pairs to two opposite sides of the central one. Under the central unit there is a basement with underground passages to link it to the other units. The main staircase is in the entrance hall, while two spiral staircases are located on the outside of the building. Each unit measures 12.6012.60 m on plan.

Each of the five units composing the building is supported by four intersecting rigid portal frames. The frames of adjacent units comprise columns shared in common, while on the free sides the columns are located at the quarter points of these sides and stand 60 cm in front of the facade. The portal frames span 12.60 m and are 6.30 m apart. In one direction the upper floor comprises beams pin-jointed to the portal frame columns and supported at the centre by a column. In the other direction beams span only between these floor beams and the portal frame columns. The edge beams are IPE 300. These beams support a reinforced concrete slab, 18 cm thick, enclosed at its outer edge within a U 230 channel section.

Each unit has a roof in the form of a 1.75 m high pyramid set diagonally so that the inclined surfaces are parabolic hyperboloids. A cold-formed edge beam is connected through brackets to the columns of the portal frames and is, at the centre of each face of the building, tied back to the intersection points of the upper portal frame beams. The four hip rafters, each composed of two U 200 channel sections, are connected at the apex of the roof, their lower ends being supported on the edge beams. The edge beams and hip rafters support timber beams which in turn carry rafters and battens.

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Notes:

hyperboloid n. гиперболоид

shared in common действующий совместно (поддерживающий смежные элементы)

Задания по тексту

1.Переведите текст.

2.Составьте план текста из 6–8 пунктов.

3.ПользуясьсоставленнымВамипланом, краткоизложитесодержание текста на русском языке.

Лексическое упражнение

Переведите на русский языкприведённые ниже словаисловосочетания. Если Вы не знаете слово, найдите его в словаре. Дайте синонимы подчёркнутых слов и антонимы слов, выделенных курсивом.

apex, batten, channel section, connect, each, edge beam, entrance hall, equal, hip rafter, in front of, incline, measure (v.), pair, link (v.), portal frame, adjacent, subdivide, support (v.), underground passage, unit.

ТекстA

TERMINAL BUILDING AT ORLY AIRPORT, FRANCE

The building is an airport passenger terminal. It can be used by eight aircraft at the same time at two pierheads, these being situated on each side of a main building to which they are connected by two-storey link buildings. The latter each terminate at one corner of the pierhead structure which is square on plan and of which the three other corners have short projecting structures from which access to and from the aircraft is provided by telescopic gangways. Other gangways are connected to the four sides of the pierhead structure.

The pierheads are of three-storey construction plus a basement under the whole area of the building. The first two storeys are connected to the main terminal building by two walkways for passengers. The basement is linked to the main building by an underground passage. The recessed top storey contains technical equipment, the passengers having access to the roof terrace around it. The square pierhead buildings measure 45.2045.20 m overall.

The reinforced concrete basement is surmounted by a steel frame comprising two-storey high columns that are rigidly connected in both directions by floor beams. All wind forces are transmitted by portal frame action. Columns are spaced on 8.28 m square grid and consist of HE 300A sections, some parts of which are strengthened with welded plates. All columns are fixed at the base. The main floor girders are rigidly connected to the columns by means of end plates. Structural continuity of the four girders meeting at a joint is further ensured by 25 mm thick gusset plates bolted to their top and bottom flanges, the columns extending continuously through holes formed in the gusset plates. Girders on the first floor cantilever 1.90 m, those of the second floor – 6.40 m, beyond the external columns. The ends of the girders are interconnected by edge beams.

In one direction, secondary girders are connected midway between the main girders. In the other direction, floor beams at 1.04 m centres carry a floor consisting of 3 cm thick precast concrete slabs and 4 cm thick in-situ concrete topping. The imposed load is 500 kg/m2.

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The subsoil is fine to medium sand, the water table being below foundation level. The foundation consists of pad footings under columns and strip footings under basement walls. The bearing pressure on soil is 2.5 kg/cm2.

Notes:

aircraft n. самолёт

airport passenger terminal аэровокзал pierhead n. пирс

telescopic gangway телескопический трап walkway n. пешеходная дорожка

Ответьте на вопросы к тексту

1.What buildings does the airport passenger terminal consist of?

2.How is circulation within the buildings provided?

3.What does the superstructure consist of?

4.What are the wind forces transmitted by?

5.What is the structure of the floor of the building?

6.What are the features of the building substructure (подземная часть здания)?

Фонетическое задание

Найдите в тексте слова, транскрипция которых дана ниже, и переведите их на русский язык.

[]; [ []; [ []; []; []

Лексические упражнения

Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык приведённые ниже словосочетания.

basement wall, bearing pressure, gusset plate, in-situ concrete topping, pad footing, strip footing, structural continuity, terminal building, two-storey link building, welded plate.

Упражнение 2. Переведите следующие слова и словосочетания на английский язык:

балка перекрытия; весь; возвышаться над; выступать; главная балка; грунт; за, позади; заглублять; заканчивать(ся); крепитьболтом; наружная колонна; одновременно; под; подземный проход; подход, доступ; последний (из перечисленных); при помощи; прилагаемая нагрузка; соединять; техническое оборудование.

Упражнение 3. Переведите данные существительные и образуйте сихпомощьюгруппысуществительных, характерныедлястроительной терминологии. Переведите их на русский язык.

basement	footing	lattice	steel
concrete	girder	movement	strip
cross	joint	pad	topping

Грамматические упражнения

Упражнение 1. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на модальные глаголы и их заменители.

1.The diagonal tubes could not be taken to street level between the columns, for planning reasons, and therefore heavy cross-bracing has had to be provided outside the columns at this level.

2.The secondary beams span to the cast steel brackets and may easily be changed in position.

3.Compared to precast elements cast-in-place concrete does not have to be field connected to tie the structure together.

4.Differential movements between trusses should be accepted.

5.Floor beams ought to have pinned connections with the truss at each end to allow this movement to occur.

6.This causes considerable bending in the columns, which they must be designed to resist.

7.The slab is still able to act as a continuous horizontal diaphragm spanning between the gable walls.

Упражнение 2. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на подчеркнутые слова.

1.This slab cantilevers over the wall on the south-east elevation.

2.These are supported by two outer hangers only, located in the longitudinal facades.

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3.The building is founded on a concrete raft, which is stiffened by concrete basement walls that in general are 300 mm thick.

4.The depth of main girder is much more than that of secondary girders.

5.Those are the beams that stiffen both floors.

6.The terminal can be used by eight aircraft at two pierheads, these being situated on each side of the main building.

7.A steel frame comprises two-storey high columns that are connected in both directions by floor beams.

8.These floor trusses had to be heavy and comparable in size to those of a bridge.

Упражнение3. Переведитеследующиепредложения, обращаявнимание на инфинитив.

1.Steel trough decking serves to stiffen the upper floors.

2.The concrete columns on the north-west elevation appear to be separate.

3.The slab cantilevered out at ground floor level to carry the weight of the new boundary wall.

4.To support the longer arms of the main girders of the frames the cross girder is of box section.

5.The lower-level floor beams, which are interconnected to form a grillage, are attached on the inside to the four tubular columns.

6.The building to connect the blocks is two-storey.

7.To prevent a premature set and ensure a proper cure is the main problem of concreting in hot weather.

Текст B

MOUNTAIN REFUGE IN THE STELVIO PASS, ITALY

This accommodation for mountain climbers is situated in the Alps. On plan the building comprises four wings enclosing a square core.

To withstand the high wind and snow loads the steel structure was designed as a rigid portal frame system in both directions. Each of the four sides of the core comprises two frames with hinged feet, one upon the other, interconnected at their corners by the cantilevering portal cross beams and stiffened by horizontal bracings. The bottom portal frame extends 7.80 m through two storeys but the top portal frame is only one storey in height. The

span of the frames is 10.00 m. The floor beams, the cantilevers and the roof structure are attached to this square portal frame system. Two main beams span in each direction across the space between the cross beams of the portal frames and cantilever 5.60 m beyond them. At the points of intersection of these beams in the interior of the structure they are rigidly connected to four columns.

Spanning between the main beams are secondary beams to which galvanised steel troughing units are welded which serve to carry the timber floor. Beams also span across the space between the cross beams of the top portal frames and cantilever beyond them. The main beams of the roof structure are connected to the ends of these cantilevers. The four sloping sections of the roof are staggered vertically in relation to one another so that the steel purlins at the top of the roof are connected at different levels to columns which transmit their load to the beams of the floor below or to the four internal columns The purlins in turn carry rafters consisting of rolled steel sections.

The cladding of the facade consists of timber panels with internal thermal insulation and vertical window openings with double glazing.

Notes:

the Alps Альпийские горы hinged adj. шарнирный mountain climber альпинист

Задания по тексту

1.Переведите текст.

2.Составьте план текста из 6–8 пунктов.

3.Пользуясь составленным Вами планом, кратко изложите содержание текста на русском языке.

Лексическое упражнение

Переведите на русский языкприведённые ниже словаисловосочетания. Если Вы не знаете слово, найдите его в словаре. Дайте синонимы подчёркнутых слов.

across, attach, cladding, double glazing, galvanised steel, horizontal bracing, in relation to, in turn, point, rolled steel section, secondary beam, situated, snow load, space (v.), steel purlin, thermal insulation, timber panel, window opening, wing, withstand.

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Текст C

CENTRE GEORGES POMPIDOU, PARIS, FRANCE

The building contains an exhibition of Modern Art, a library, offices and terraces contained in the steel superstructure. Below it is a concrete substructure occupying an area on plan of 160100 m.

The superstructure has fourteen plane frames, six storeys high, with a typical floor height of 7 m. Each frame consists of two 850 mm diameter round tubular columns, 48 m apart, each column supporting six cast steel brackets which have a pinned connection with the column; each bracket takes a downward load, at its inner end, from the deep lattice truss supporting the floor, and this is balanced by the tension force in the tie attached at its outer end. The main lattice truss spanning 44.8 m in the east-west direction has a mid-span depth of 2.82 m between the top of the twin 419 mm diameter tubular top chords and the bottom of the twin 225 mm diameter solid rod bottom chords. Single alternating tubular and solid diagonal members, taking compression and tension respectively, are attached to the top and bottom chords by welding to the cast steel connections that are at nodes on the chords. The cast steel nodes on the top chord also receive ordinary rolled steel I-beams, generally 500 mm deep, spanning in the north-south direction between the trusses. The I-beams and a 110 mm deep concrete floor slab above it act compositely. Under vertical loading each internal frame functions independently of the others and joints are provided in the slab and in the steel beams to allow each truss to deflect independently. Resistance against horizontal forces is provided, on the east and west facades, by 62 mm diameter high strength, pretensioned diagonal bars; the cross-bracing is in panels two storeys high and connected to the columns and floor deck by horizontal tubular bracing in alternate bays at every other floor level. Horizontal forces transferred to the gable ends are resisted by the main lattice trusses which are connected together by diagonal tubes. The diagonal tubes could not be taken to street level between the columns, for planning reasons, and therefore heavy cross-bracing has had to be provided outside the columns at this level. In general, solid round bars take tension and tubular sections take compression.

Other important elements in the composition of the facades are the secondary beams and columns.The secondarybeams consist of two steel channels usually strengthened by steel flats in tension and tubes in compression that make it into a truss; the secondary columns consist of four steel angles symmetrically placed and connected to each other through spacers. The secondary beams span to the cast steel brackets and may easily be changed in position.

The truss and bracket arrangement at each level is based on a Gerber system. With a distance of 48 m between column centre lines and a live load of 5 kilonewtons per sq m, these floor trusses had to be heavy and comparable in size to those of a bridge. Double members were used for the top and bottom chords of the truss to minimize the truss depth and to provide it with some stability when in position. In spite of its size, large vertical movements of the truss, and therefore differential movements between trusses, had to be accepted. A result of this is that, in alternate bays of the building, floor beams have to have pinned connections with the truss at each end to allow this movement to occur; in the remaining bays the floor beams have fixed connections with trusses in order to stabilise the trusses against torsion. At this scale another movement which obtains great importance is the shortening of the top boom of any of the trusses under load; this causes considerable bending in the columns, which they must be designed to resist. Considering all these movements, the concrete floor slab is split into separate panels by 5 mm joints running in the east-west and north-south directions, thus preventing stresses in the slab.

Concrete panels over the truss are precast but the rest of the floor slab is cast in place. In spite of the movement joints, the slab is still able to act as a continuous horizontal diaphragm spanning between the gable walls, because the cast-in-place panels are attached to each other by steel connectors at intervals.

Notes:

cast steel литая сталь gable wall фронтонная стена

Gerber system система Гербера kilonewton килоньютон

plane frame плоская рама

pretensioned adj. предварительно напряжённый

Ответьте на вопросы к тексту

1.What kind of building is it?

2.What are the main elements of its superstructure?

3.What is the structure of the plane frames?

4.How is resistance against horizontal forces provided?

5.What are the features of the secondary beams and columns?

6.Why did the floor trusses have to be heavy?

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7.How were differential movements between trusses accepted?

8.Why is the concrete floor slab split into separate panels by joints?

9.How much was precasting used?

10.Why is the slab able to act as a continuous horizontal diaphragm?

Лексическое упражнение

В списке А даны некоторые слова и выражения, которыеиспользованы в тексте для домашнего чтения. Найдите их перевод в списке В.

	А	B	А
	bending	верхний пояс	node
	boom	внутренний	occur
	bracket	временная	pinned
		нагрузка	connection
	considerable	двутавровая	prevent
		балка
	deflect	деформационный	shortening
	differential	шов
		значительный	split
	movement
	distance	изгибание	steel flat
	floor deck	иметься	strengthen
	floor truss	кронштейн	substructure
	I-beam	кручение	the rest
	in spite of	настил	therefore
		перекрытия
	independently	независимо	thus
	inner	неравномерное	top chord
		смещение
	lattice truss	несмотря на	torsion
	live load	остальной	tubular
			bracing
	movement	подземная часть	tubular
	joint	здания	column

B

полосовая сталь поэтому

пояс (балки)

препятствовать

прогибать(ся)

разъединять

расстояние таким образом трубчатая колонна трубчатая связь

узловой элемент укорочение усиливать

ферма

перекрытия ферма с параллельными поясами шарнирное соединение

ТекстA

HAVAS CONSEIL OFFICES, NEUILIY, FRANCE

The building is held by six two-storey high steel box portal frames, these frames being supported by a separate concrete substructure with six basement floors below street level. Prestressed composite steel beams are used for the main building spans.

The glazed cylinder, placed asymmetrically, about one third down the length of the building, forms a counterpoint for the rest of the building and contains lifts, stairs and ducts for vertical distribution of services. It is constructed of one central steel tubular column 457 mm in diameter with twelve 300 mm diameter steel tubular columns around the periphery supporting ring and radial steel beams; these support the floor slab which consists of a 15 m diameter concrete. The columns are filled with concrete. The rest of the building is supported by six external portal frames which are heavily loaded. The portal frames consist of heavy box-section steel columns, 7001200 mm in section, resting on 740100048 mm neoprene pads at street level, and a box-section transverse member of the same size overhanging the top of each column by 3.50 m. The two middle portal frames, in the larger of the two rectangular parts of the building, have heavy longitudinal beams rigidly connecting the tops of the columns together. In the storeys above this, there are rigid internal frames in the same plane as the main, street-level portals, to which they are welded; these frames are attached to each other by internal longitudinal beams. The longitudinal beams are prestressed composite steel beams with an overall depth of 650 mm. Parallel to them are the facade beams which have a 1200 mm deep I-section shape.

A 160 mm concrete slab spans the 5.40 m between these longitudinal beams, resting on top of the internal beams and on shelf angles on the facade beams, the angles being welded to the inner face of the facade beams at middepth. Because of the number of portal frames, the longitudinal beams have to span large distances, up to a maximum of 23.40 m for the facade beams and 15.30 m for the internal beams.

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