Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

Federal Agency for Education

SEI HPE "Perm State National Research University"

Faculty of Chemistry

Department of Analytical Chemistry

Bioplastics and biopolymers

Performed: 2 year master

Shilova Anastasiya

Checked: Ilarionov

Sergei Aleksandrovich

Perm 2014

Contents

Introduction	5
Bioplastic types
Starch-based plastics	6
Cellulose-based plastics	6
Some aliphatic polyesters	6
Polylactic acid (PLA)	6
Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB)	6
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)	7
Polyamide 11 (PA 11)	7
Bio-derived polyethylene	7
Genetically modified bioplastics	8
Environmental impact	8
Bioplastics and biodegradation	8
Recycling	9
Market and Cost	10
Research and development	10
Referencses	12

Summery

In this work are listed various kinds of biodegradable materials, their properties. Examined the economic and environmental significance of these products. Describes the processing of biopolymers. The chronology of the development of this area of knowledge.

Introduction

Bioplastics are plastics derived from renewable biomass sources, such as vegetable fats and oils, corn starch, pea starch[1] or microbiota[2]. Bioplastic can be made from agricultural byproducts and also from used plastic bottles and other containers using microorganisms.Common plastics, such as fossil-fuel plastics, are derived from petroleum. Production of common plastics requires more fossil fuels and produces more greenhouse gas. Some, but not all, bioplastics are designed to biodegrade. Biodegradable bioplastics can break down in either anaerobic or aerobic environments, depending on how they are manufactured. Bioplastics can be composed of starches, cellulose, biopolymers, and a variety of other materials.

Bioplastics are used for disposable items, such as packaging, crockery, cutlery, pots, bowls, and straws[3]. They are also often used for bags, trays, fruit and vegetable containers and blister foils, egg cartons, meat packaging, vegetables, and bottling for soft drinks and dairy products.

These plastics are also used in non-disposable applications including mobile phone casings, carpet fibres, insulation car interiors, fuel lines, and plastic piping. New electroactive bioplastics are being developed that can be used to carry electrical current[4]. In these areas, the goal is not biodegradability, but to create items from sustainable resources.

Medical implants made of PLA, which dissolve in the body, can save patients a second operation. Compostable mulch films can also be produced from starch polymers and used in agriculture. These films do not have to be collected after use on farm fields[5].