27-02-2014_16-52-53 / МРО зфо экономист часть 2
.pdf9.If you had let me know yesterday, I (to bring) you my book.
10.If it (to snow), the children will play snowballs.
VI. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения с английского языка на русский язык, составьте к каждому вопросительное предложение:
1.The statistics show that young people are committing more crimes, particularly of theft and violence.
2.The men had been under surveillance by customs officers for some time before their arrest.
3.Education has an important part to play in the battle against juvenile delinquency.
4.The system we have is unjust as it imposes heavy penalties for minor offences.
5.In prison young Oliver found himself among hardened criminals.
6.There are various methods of execution, e.g., the gallows, or the electric chair.
7.Two people are being held on suspicion of serious offences under the Prevention of Terrorism Act.
8.When detectives arrived at the scene of the crime, the victim had been dead for over four hours.
9.His war crimes included the deliberate slaughter of 250,000 individuals.
10.Banks are installing surveillance cameras to prevent robberies.
VII. Прочтите текст. Письменно переведите .
The Political Parties in the USA
The framers of the United States Constitution made no provision in the governmental structure for the functioning of political parties because they believed that parties were a source of corruption and an impediment to the freedom of people to judge issues on their merits. James Madison argued in his The Federalist ―No. 10‖ paper against a system in which ―factions‖ (his word for parties) might be able to seize control of the government. George Washington, in accordance with the thinking of his fellow Founding Fathers, included in his Cabinet men of diverse political philosophies and policies, rather than narrow his choices to those of a single political outlook.
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The two-party system developed gradually as Democratic-Republicans began quarreling over several issues. The followers of Henry Clay and John Quincy Adams, who asserted that the federal government should actively promote economic development, became known as National Republicans. Their opponents, who eventually united behind the presidential candidacy of Andrew Jackson, took the Democratic-Republican name. By 1828 the Democratic-Republicans were known as the Democratic Party.
After the Civil War, as U.S. industrialization proceeded at great speed, the
Republican Party became the champion of the nation‘s manufacturing interests, railroad builders, speculators, and financiers, and to a lesser extent, of the workers of the North and West. The Democratic Party was revived after the war as a party of opposition; its strength lay primarily in the South, where it was seen as the champion of the lost Confederate cause. Support also came from immigrants and those who opposed the Republicans‘ Reconstruction policies.
Soon after Republican presidential candidate Herbert Hoover won the 1928 presidential election, the nation‘s economy collapsed. The Great Depression, which produced unprecedented economic hardship, stemmed from a variety of causes, but from the perspective of millions of Americans the Republican Party had not done enough to promote economic recovery. In 1932 Americans elected Democratic presidential candidate Franklin D. Roosevelt, known as FDR, and a solidly Democratic Congress. FDR developed a program for economic recovery he dubbed the New Deal. Under the New Deal, the size and reach of America‘s national government was substantially increased.
Although there is not much difference between the two parties and they would agree on most crucial issues, the two-party system gives a sense of choice and helps promote candidates. However, one does not need to be a member of any party at all to occupy a position in the government and be involved in politics.
Ответьте на вопросы к тексту письменно.
1. What was the Founding Fathers‘ attitude to parties?
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2.How did the two party system emerge in the USA?
3.What geographic region supported mostly the Democratic Party in the 19th century?
4.What party was blamed for the Great Depression?
5.Does one need to be a member of a political party to occupy a position in the government?
Вариант № 6.
I. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык. Вставьте нужный артикль: a) a; b) an; c) the; d) -.
1.I'm having . . . few friends in to . . . coffee tomorrow evening. Would you like to come? - I'd love to, but I'm afraid I'm going to . . . concert.
2.It's time you had . . . holiday. You haven't had . . . day off for . . . month.
3.He broke . . . leg in . . . skiing accident. It's still in . . . plaster.
4.I want. . . assistant with . . . knowledge of French and . . . experience of . . .
office routine.
II. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык. Заполните пропуски неопределенными местоимениями или их
производными: a) some; b) any; c) no; d) их производные.
1.If … difficulties arise, let me know.
2.They have … really good friends. Have you got … ?
3.Can … of you help us? – … problem.
4.Would you like … ice cream, please? – … more, thank you, I've had … .
5.Do you know … here?
6.She said she could recognize … because of their painted faces.
6. I'm sure … can be done under the circumstances.
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III. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующейся форме.
Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык.
1.Our train starts late in the evening, so if you (to come) at seven o'clock, we still (to pack) our luggage.
2.When you (to see) him last?
3.I (to meet) him when he (to walk) across the park.
4.You ever (to act) on the stage? — Why, yes, that's what I (to do) for the last six years.
5.Don't enter the bedroom! The child (to sleep) there, and he always (to wake) up when somebody (to open) the door.
6.Where is your luggage? — I (to leave) it at the station. I (to take) it tomorrow when Nick (to come) to help me.
7.I (to read) about an hour when he (to come).
8.The play (not yet to begin) and the people (to talk) in the hall.
9.One night a little swallow (to fly) over the city. His friends (to fly) away to Egypt six weeks before, but he (to stay) behind.
10.What you (to do) these three months?
IV. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующейся форме в
пассивном залоге. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на
русский язык.
1.Our house (break into) last week.
2.We couldn't use the photocopier yesterday morning. It (repair).
3.When (television/ invent)?
4.A compass (use) for showing direction.
5.Have you heard? The old police station (repaint).
6.The 1986 World Cup for soccer (play) in Mexico.
7.Millions of cars (export) from Japan every month.
8.Football (play) all over the world.
9.I (frighten) to death when I drove through Paris last month.
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10.His car (damage) in an accident last month.
V. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующейся форме в условных предложениях. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык.
1.If it (to rain) tomorrow, our game will be cancelled.
2.If a dog (to bite) in her leg, she would go straight to hospital.
3.If he had known it was going to rain, he (to take) his umbrella to work
today.
4.If only I (to have) more pocket money, I could buy some new English
books.
5.If she hadn't missed the bus, she (not to be) late for work.
6.If I (to live) two hundred years ago, I couldn't have spoken on the telephone.
7.If my daughter did her homework carefully, she (to get) much better marks. She's really a smart little girl.
8.If his friend (to be) in the mood to see a film, they would have gone to the cinema last night.
9.If my cactus plant (not to have) a rare disease, it wouldn't have died.
10.If they had remembered your address, they (to send) you a postcard.
VI. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения с английского языка на русский язык, составьте к каждому вопросительное предложение:
1.He faces a possible life sentence.
2.The first is the abolition of the powers of courts to pass sentence of corporal punishment.
3.He'd been obliged to commit too many crimes in this joyless world.
4.The remarks followed a court case in which a couple admitted selling counterfeit software at car boot sales.
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5.The prison's 1,300 inmates - many of them political detainees - were reported to have been released.
6.Torture is still being used to intimidate detainees.
7.Of these, 4,300 were tried and received prison sentences, and the rest were released.
8.She received a three-year prison sentence and was fined $ 1, 500.
9.Johnson had two prior convictions for residential burglaries and a history of petty crimes.
10.So you devise a situation where an absolutely unimpeachable witness sees the murderer in black leaving the scene of the crime.
VII. Прочтите текст. Письменно переведите.
Money
Money is any medium of exchange that is widely accepted in payment for goods and services and in settlement of debts. Money also serves as a standard of value for measuring the relative worth of different goods and services. The number of units of money required to buy a commodity is the price of the commodity. The monetary unit chosen as a measure of value need not, however, be used widely, or even at all, as a medium of exchange. During the colonial period in America, for example, Spanish currency was an important medium of exchange, while the British pound served as the standard of value.
The functions of money as a medium of exchange and a measure of value greatly facilitate the exchange of goods and services and the specialization of production. Without the use of money, trade would be reduced to barter, or the direct exchange of one commodity for another; this was the means used in primitive societies, and barter is still practiced in some parts of the world. In a barter economy, a person having something to trade must find another who wants it and has something acceptable to offer in exchange. In a money economy, the owner of a commodity may sell it for money, which is acceptable in payment for goods, thus not wasting the time and effort that would be required to find someone who could make an acceptable trade. Money may thus be regarded as a keystone of modern economic life.
Before paper and coins were introduced as permanent forms of money, people
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used a variety of other objects to serve as money for trading goods. Examples of early forms of money include rice (China), dogs‘ teeth (Papua New Guinea), small tools (China), quartz pebbles (Ghana), gambling counters (Hong Kong), cowrie shells (India), metal disks (Tibet), and limestone disks (Yap Island).
Greek coins became fundamental building blocks for European civilization. With such small change jingling in their purses, Greek merchants traveled around the Mediterranean, buying all that was rare and beautiful from coastal dwellers and spreading their ideas of art, government, politics, and philosophy. By the fourth century B.C., Alexander the Great was acquiring huge amounts of gold and silver through his conquests and issuing coins bearing his image, which some researchers call "ads for empire building."
Indeed the small change in our pockets literally made the Western world what it is today. If money had never developed, we would all still be bartering. Money opened the door to trade, which opened the door for specialization. And that made possible a modern society.
Ответьте на вопросы к тексту письменно.
1.What functions does money have?
2.What would commerce look like without money?
3.What was used as money before coins and banknotes appeared?
4.What were Greek merchants spreading around the Mediterranean in addition to just the goods?
5.Why is specialization almost impossible without money?
Вариант № 7.
I.Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык. Вставьте нужный артикль: a) a; b) an; c) the; d) -.
1.My neighbour is …… photographer; let's ask him for …… advice about colour films.
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2.We had …..fish and …..chips for …..lunch. - That doesn't sound …..very interesting lunch.
3.I had …..very bad night; I didn't sleep …..wink.
4.He is …..vegetarian; you won't get. …..meat at his house. He'll give you …..nut cutlet.
II.Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык.
Заполните пропуски неопределенными местоимениями или их
производными: a) some; b) any; c) no; d) их производные.
1.Are there … students here from Japan?
2.There are … students here from China, but there are not … from India.
3.Is there … news? – Yes, there are … letters on the desk.
4.It is so dark here! Can you see … in front of us?
5.Do you know that … has broken the door to the gym?
6.Everybody thinks he should buy … for the party.
7.… serious can come out of this.
III. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующейся форме.
Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык.
1.When morning came, the storm already (to stop), but the snow still (to fall).
2.Yesterday by eight o'clock he (to finish) all his homework, and when I (to come) to his place at nine, he (to read).
3.I (to wait) for permission to go abroad for already three weeks, but I (not to receive) the visa yet.
4.Everybody (to be) at the door of the museum, but my friend (not yet to
come).
5.We (to drink) tea when the telephone (to ring).
6.Johnny noticed that everybody (to look) at him, and he (to feel) shy.
7.Light (to travel) more quickly than sound.
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8.When I (to come) to Pete's house last Sunday, he (to read) a new book.
9.When will he come? We (to wait) for him for already half an hour.
10.On leaving the hall the students (to thank) the professor who (to deliver) the lecture.
IV. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующейся форме в
пассивном залоге. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на
русский язык.
1.There isn't any food left. All of it (eat)!
2.I couldn't wear my suit last Saturday. It (clean).
3.We didn't go to the party on Saturday because we (not/invite).
4.Wine (produce) in many parts of France.
5.I can't find my car anywhere. I think it (steal).
6.By the time I arrived at the concert I hall, there were no tickets left. They
(all/sell).
7.How many languages (speak) in Switzerland?
8.The Tower of London (build) at the beginning of the eleventh century.
9.'What's going on in the hall?' 'The windows (wash)'.
10.Our house (break into) last week.
V. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующейся форме в условных предложениях. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык.
1.If Tom saw a car crash, he (to telephone) the police and (to help) the people in the cars.
2.If you are not sure, what to say, you (to have) to guess.
3.If she (not to be) very ill, she wouldn't have been absent from English class all last week.
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4.If my parents had had good seats, they (to enjoy) the play last night.
5.If a robber (to attack) him in a dark street, he would defend himself.
6.If he hadn't been so careless, he (not to fall) into this trap.
7.If you (not to smoke), you would feel more energetic.
8.If her alarm clock (to ring), she would have been on time for work this
morning.
9.You will never finish your work if you (to waste) your time like that.
10.If I (to have) his telephone number, I should easily settle this matter with
him.
VI. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения с английского языка на русский язык, составьте к каждому вопросительное предложение:
1.He called for making payment delinquency a felony crime in some cases. 2.In his past, however, there is an unsolved crime that continues to torment him.
3.The agency also recently hosted a meeting of prefectural police to coordinate investigations into crimes tied to the bad loans.
4.The cops believe they have both participated in an alleged crime and wish to get one or both to give evidence.
5.The police would let him use their files because he usually brought back good tips from the crime underworld.
6.Car crime: A crackdown on car crime has been mounted in Redcar.
7.To issue a death sentence was bad enough, but working for a dead man hardly seemed better.
8.Lord Taylor's main point is to suggest that judges should pass sentence with an eye to the public's expectations.
9.Tonight he starts his series of reports with a look at how to combat crime.
10 More and more customers viewed proprietary hardware plus customized
software as an undesirable life sentence for their organizations.
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