27-02-2014_16-52-53 / МРО зфо экономист часть 2

VII. Прочтите текст. Письменно переведите .

Mitsubishi

Mitsubishi Group is a Japanese group of industrial companies that includes some of the largest companies in the world. The Mitsubishi Group is a keiretsu, a group of affiliated companies that are legally independent, but have extensive crossholdings and exclusive business relationships. Mitsubishi means ―three diamonds‖ in

Japanese.

The largest Mitsubishi companies include Mitsubishi Corporation, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd., Mitsubishi Motors Corporation, and Mitsubishi Electric Corporation. Mitsubishi Corporation operates in a wide variety of industries, including telecommunications, aerospace, fuels, metals, machinery, chemicals, textiles, and clothing. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries manufactures a large variety of industrial products and machinery, including ships, steel products, power plants, transportation systems, printing presses, aircrafts, guided missiles, torpedoes, and air-conditioning and refrigeration systems. Mitsubishi Motors, one of Japan‘s largest automobile manufacturers, produces passenger cars, trucks, buses, and other vehicles. Mitsubishi Electric makes an enormous range of electronic products, including computers and computer peripherals, televisions, videocassette recorders, kitchen appliances, large-screen display systems, and semiconductor devices. Mitsubishi Electric also makes artificial satellites, radar and guidance systems, power generators, electric trains, and industrial robots. Other notable companies in the Mitsubishi Group are Mitsubishi Bank, one of Japan‘s largest banks; Nikon

Corporation, a manufacturer of cameras and optical instruments; and Kirin Brewery

Company, Ltd., Japan‘s largest brewery.

Mitsubishi traces its roots to 1870, when Yataro Iwasaki leased three steamships to form a shipping company called Tsukomo Shokai. In 1875 the company changed its name to Mitsubishi Mail Steamship Company. In the 1880s Iwasaki diversified the company by purchasing a coal mine and leasing a shipyard to build ships. In the 1920s and 1930s the company, by then known as Mitsubishi

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Company, expanded into a number of other industries, including petroleum and power generation. By the early 1940s it was one of Japan‘s largest conglomerates.

During World War II (1939-1945) Mitsubishi manufactured airplanes, ships, and explosives for the Japanese military. However, after the war the United States Army occupied Japan and ordered the dismantling of Mitsubishi and other Japanese conglomerates, banning the Mitsubishi name from corporate use. As U.S. troops withdrew, the Japanese government encouraged the conglomerates to reunite. In 1964 three of the largest Mitsubishi companies reintegrated as Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. In 1970 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries transformed its carmanufacturing division into a subsidiary company called Mitsubishi Motors. A year later the Chrysler Corporation bought 15 percent of Mitsubishi Motors, a move that began a long relationship between the two companies. In the 1970s, for example, Chrysler marketed the Dodge Colt and Plymouth Arrow, both made by Mitsubishi, in the United States.

Ответьте на вопросы к тексту письменно.

1.What does the word ‗mitsubishi‘ mean?

2.Does Mitsubishi Corporation produce cars?

3.Which of the following is not provided or made by the Mitsubishi Group companies: banking services, medicine, or beer?

4.What was Mitsubishi involved in during World War II?

5.What American car manufacturer became a long-time partner of Mitsubishi?

Вариант № 8.

I.Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык. Вставьте нужный артикль: a) a; b) an; c) the; d) -.

1.. …..travel agent would give you …..information about …..hotels.

2.We'd better go by …..taxi—if we can get. …..taxi at such …..hour as 2 a.m.

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5. ….. person who suffers from …..claustrophobia has …..dread of being confined in …..small space, and would always prefer …..stairs to …..lift.

6.Do you take …..sugar in …..coffee? - I used to, but now I'm on …..diet. I'm trying to lose …..weight.

II. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык.

Заполните пропуски неопределенными местоимениями или их

производными: a) some; b) any; c) no; d) их производные.

1.If … difficulties arise, let me know.

2.They have … really good friends. Have you got … ?

3.Can … of you help us? – … problem.

4.Would you like … ice cream, please? – … more, thank you, I've had … .

5.Do you know … here?

6.She said she could recognize … because of their painted faces.

6.I'm sure … can be done under the circumstances.

III. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующейся форме.

Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. I (to walk) about an hour when I (to see) a little house not far from the

river.

2.By the evening he (to translate) ten pages.

3.You ever (to be) to the new stadium? — Yes, I (to be) there last Saturday.

4.The old lady was happy: she (not to see) her son for three years.

5.Where you (to go) yesterday?

6.How many pages you (to translate) for today?

7.By the fifteenth of January the students (to pass) all the examinations.

8.I (to hear) this song several times already, but I cannot remember the words. I (to write) them down as soon as I (to hear) this song again.

9.It was very late. I (to go) to bed and (to fall) asleep when my father (to

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return) home.

10. Shut the door! The room (to be) full of smells which (to come) from the kitchen. Mother (not to like) kitchen smells in the room.

IV. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующейся форме в

пассивном залоге. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на

русский язык.

1.It is hot in this room because the window (close).

2.Yesterday it was hot in this room because the window (close).

3.Sarah is wearing a blouse. It (make) of cotton.

4.The door to this room (shut).

5.We can leave now because class (finish). '(you/send) an invitation to the wedding?' 'No.'

6.Dinner (serve) at six.

7.A test (give) in the next room right now.

8.You (send) a bill at the end of the month.

9.Fred is pleased. He (pay) five hundred dollars in consulting fees.

10.Our house (break into) last week.

V. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующейся форме в условных предложениях. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык.

1.If he did not read so much, he (not to know) English literature so well.

2.If he (to come) to our house yesterday, he would have met his friend.

3.If he (not to pass) his examination, he will not get a scholarship.

4.If she (not to help) me, I should have been in a very difficult situation.

5.My father would have more free time if he (not to read) so many newspapers. 6. If only you had let me know, I (to go) there immediately.

7.If I were a famous singer, I (to get) a lot of flowers every day.

8.If he weren't such a bookworm, he (not to spend) so much time sitting in the library.

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9.I should not have bought the car if my friend (not to lend) me money.

10.If he did not live in St. Petersburg, we (not to meet) so often.

VI. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения с английского языка на русский язык, составьте к каждому вопросительное предложение:

1. Painfully little has been done specifically to tackle car crime, which is a major

aspect of youth crime.

2.Forty percent of death sentences have been overturned at federal appeal in recent

years.

3.The felony charge carries a maximum sentence of five years in prison and a $ 250, 000 fine

4.Rather than inciting its detainees to try and get out, Le Portalet probably taunted them with the impossibility of such a thing.

5.Green had pleaded not guilty to the murder at the couple's home in October 1991.

6.This resulted in Blacks overall receiving proportionately more custodial sentences.

7.I will pass sentence tomorrow when I have seen all the papers.

8.He and his key advisers were charged on Tuesday with unlawful assembly, which carries a maximum sentence of one year.

9.When this was the case, the owner had no option but to accept his loss or institute a court case.

10.The girls in question are Michelle and Lisa Taylor, two sisters who were given life sentences for murder earlier this year.

VII. Прочтите текст. Письменно переведите .

Government and the Economy

Although the market system in the United States relies on private ownership

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and decentralized decision-making by households and privately owned businesses, the government does perform important economic functions. The government passes and enforces laws that protect the property rights of individuals and businesses. It restricts economic activities that are considered unfair or socially unacceptable.

In addition, government programs regulate safety in products and in the workplace, provide national defense, and provide public assistance to some members of society coping with economic hardship. There are some products that must be provided to households and firms by the government because they cannot be produced profitably by private firms. For example, the government funds the construction of interstate highways, and operates vaccination programs to maintain public health. Local governments operate public elementary and secondary schools to ensure that as many children as possible will receive an education, even when their parents are unable to afford private schools.

Other kinds of goods and services (such as health care and higher education) are produced and consumed in private markets, but the government attempts to increase the amount of these products available in the economy. For yet other goods and services, the government acts to decrease the amount produced and consumed; these include alcohol, tobacco, and products that create high levels of pollution.

At the most basic level, the government makes it possible for markets to function more efficiently by clearly defining and enforcing people‘s property or ownership rights to resources and by providing a stable currency and a central banking system (the Federal Reserve System in the U.S. economy). Even these basic functions require a wide range of government programs and employees. For example, the government maintains offices for recording deeds to property, courts to interpret contracts and resolve disputes over property rights, and police and other law enforcement agencies to prevent or punish theft and fraud. The Treasury

Department issues currency and coins and handles the government‘s revenues and expenditures. And as we have seen, the Federal Reserve System controls the nation‘s supply of money and availability of credit. To perform these basic functions, the government must be able to shift resources from private to public uses. It does this 46

mainly through taxes, but also with user fees for some services (such as admission fees to national parks), and by borrowing money when it issues government bonds.

Ответьте на вопросы к тексту письменно.

1.What does American economy rely on?

2.What products are too costly or unprofitable for private business and therefore are provided by the government?

3.What goods and services are produced by the private sector, but their production is regulated by the government?

4.How can the government make market more efficient?

5.How does the government move resources from private to public application?

Вариант № 9.

I.Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык. Вставьте нужный артикль: a) a; b) an; c) the; d) -.

1.. …….. man suffering from….shock should not be given anything to

drink.

2.You'll get……. shock if you touch …… live wire with that screwdriver. Why don't you get. …… screwdriver with ……. insulated handle?

3.It costs fifty-five and ……. half pence and I've only got……. fifty pence piece. - You can pay by …….. cheque here. - But can I write ……. cheque for

…….fifty-five and ……. half pence?

4.... Mr Smith is …….. old customer and …… honest man. - Why do you say that? Has he been accused of ……. dishonesty?

II. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык.

Заполните пропуски неопределенными местоимениями или их

производными: a) some; b) any; c) no; d) их производные.

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1.There is … bread left. Go and buy a loaf.

2.I'd like to buy … new clothes but I haven't got … money.

3.I can't see my glasses … where.

4.She put her handbag down … where and now she can't find it.

5.It is so dark here! Can you see … in front of us?

6.Do you know that … has broken the door to the gym?

7.Shall we go anywhere for the weekend? – Sorry, we can't. We all have … to do.

III. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующейся форме.

Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык.

1.We could not go out because it (to rain) hard since early morning.

2.She (to teach) at our school for twenty years now.

3.Ring me up as soon as you (to come) home.

4.He (to begin) to write his composition at three o'clock. It is already eleven, and he still (to write) it. He says he (to finish) it by twelve.

5.We (to help) our librarian to put the books in the right order for already three days, but we (to arrange) only half the books.

6.What you (to do) when I (to come) in?

7.When I (to come) to his house, they (to tell) me that he (to leave) an hour

before.

8.On checking up his answers he (to find) out that he (to make) several mistakes.

9.When I (to leave) home, the snow already (to stop), but a strong wind (to

blow).

10.You (to read) this book? — Yes, I (to read) it. I (to think) it (to be) very interesting.

IV. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующейся форме в

пассивном залоге. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на

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русский язык.

1.Excuse me, sir. Could you give me some directions? I (lose).

2.That's hard work, I (exhaust). I need to rest for a while.

3.The children (excite) about going to the circus. They're looking forward to seeing the elephants, the clowns, and the acrobats.

4.George (dress) in his best suit today because he has an important interview this afternoon.

5.Lousie is probably sleeping. The lights in her room (turn off).

6.Carolyn and Joe were married to each other for five years, but now they (divorce).

7.You told me one thing and John told me another. I don't know what to think. I (confuse).

8.(anybody/ injure) in the accident yesterday?

9.The accident (see) by several people.

10.When (the room/clean)?

V. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующейся форме в

условных предложениях. Перепишите и письменно переведите

предложения на русский язык.

1.If he did not read so much, he (not to know) English literature so well.

2.If he (to come) to our house yesterday, he would have met his friend.

3.If he (not to pass) his examination, he will not get a scholarship.

4.If she (not to help) me, I should have been in a very difficult situation.

5.My father would have more free time if he (not to read) so many newspapers.

6.If only you had let me know, I (to go) there immediately.

7.If I were a famous singer, I (to get) a lot of flowers every day.

8.If it is not too cold, I (not to put) on my coat.

9.I (to write) the report long ago if you had not disturbed me.

1o. If my friend (to be) at home, he will tell us what to do.

VI. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения с

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английского языка на русский язык, составьте к каждому

вопросительное предложение:

1.My point is that, in general, the courts are under an injunction not to give custodial sentences to offenders under 21.

2.More than half of all recorded crimes are car crimes, involving the theft of vehicles or the theft of property from vehicles.

3.The following month he publicly waived the death sentence hanging over the organizers of the second coup attempt of 1983.

4.Franklin ended up serving four life sentences on dual state and federal charges.

5.Armando Lambruschini, also pardoned, was already provisionally free, having served three-quarters of a lighter sentence.

6.That is a beginning, but I expect the insurance industry to do much more in helping to reduce car crime.

7.The government has ordered the trial of all detainees within six months

8.Rangoon-based diplomats were reported as saying that the number of political detainees was much higher than the official figure.

9.Prosecutors said an additional broker, Christopher Avena of Harriman Group, already has pleaded guilty to charges stemming from the investigation

10.The policy shift was triggered by a sharp increase in violent crimes committed by young offenders during the late 1980s.

VII. Прочтите текст. Письменно переведите.

Forms of Business Ownership

The most common form of ownership is a sole proprietorship—that is, a business owned by one individual. At the beginning of the 21st century, there were more than 17 million sole proprietorships in the United States. These businesses have the advantage of being easy to set up and to dissolve because few laws exist to regulate them. Proprietors, as owners, also maintain direct control of their businesses

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