Контрольное задание 5

Для того чтобы правильно выполнить задание 5, необ­ходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка:

1. Функции слова AS

2. Простые неличные формы глагола: Participle I (Pre­sent Participle), Participle II (Past Participle) в функциях оп­ределения и обстоятельства.

3. Простые неличные формы глагола: Gerund

4. Бессоюзное подчинение

ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ 1 (К УПР. I)

1. The changes affecting the composition of materials are called chemical changes.	Изменения, влияющие на состав материалов, называются химическимиизменениями.
Affecting - Participle I, определение.
2. When heated to the boiling point water evaporates.	Когда воду нагревают до точки кипения, она испа­ряется, (или: При нагревании до точ­ки кипения вода ис­паряется.)
(When) heated — Participle II, обстоятельство
3. Heat is radiated by the Sun to the Earth.	Тепло излучается Солнцем на Землю
radiated — Participle II, составная часть видо-временной формы Present Indefinite Passive от глагола to radiate.

Вариант 3

I. Переведите следующие предложения; подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоя­тельством или частью глагола-сказуемого.

1. These reactions convert hydrogen into helium, giving off a great amount of light and heat.

2. The formula E=mc² deduced by Einstein is perhaps the most well-known equation in the world.

3. Soils containing too much sand or clay are of less value in agriculture.

4. Plastics articles are often difficult to repair if broken.

II. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык

1. The documents the secretary has registered are in the office.

2. A number of electrons the atom loses or receives is called its valence.

3. We know radio and radar systems play a very important role at any airport.

4. The information science gets about other galaxies comes through radiotelescopes.

III. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на различные значения AS

1. As the train was approaching the station we went to the platform.

2. The teacher as well as her students is going to the theatre.

3. As mercury is commonly used in barometres, air pressure is often recorded in centimetres of mercury.

4. V. I. Bazhenov was twenty-eight when he became academician in St. Petersburg as well as a member of several academies abroad.

IV. Translate the sentences

1. Their aim is finding new ways of utilizing this polymer.

2. By cooling we can turn substances into solids or liquids.

3. Nowadays computers capable of performing billions of operations a second are required.

4. In converting water into ice we do not change its composition.

5. Introducing new methods into practice requires much time.

V. Прочитайте и письменно переве­дите на русский язык с 1-го по 3-й абзацы текстаBUILDING MATERIALS

Mortar is the matrix used in the beds and side joints on brick-work and for plastering walls and floors. A mixture of sand, screenings or similar inert particles with cement and water which has the capacity of hardening into a rocklike mass is called mortar. In a concrete compound, the portion of cement is smaller than that of the aggregate. However, cement is thе basic mate­rial which is decisive for the quality of the concrete.

The characteristics of concrete depend upon the quality of the materials used, grading of the aggregates, proportioning and amount of water. The most important requirements for concrete are: it should be hard, strong, durable, fire-resistant and economical. Concrete can be divided into two classes; mass or plain concrete and reinforced concrete (ferro-concrete) where it is necessary to introduce steel. Plain or mass concrete can be used for almost all building purposes. Ferro-concrete is used in building bridges and arches, dams and dock-walls, for structures under water, for foundations, columns, girders, beams. The use of concrete and ferro-concrete is almost universal.

It is always for a building engineer to bear in mind that workability and strength tests are the chief control tests made on concrete. To be able to undergo high compressive loads is a specific characteristic of this material.

Notes:

screenings высевки

water-tightnessводонепроницаемость

VI. Прочтите 3 абзац текста и ответьте на следующий вопрос:

What classes can concrete be divided into?