Английский

Work at the words

1.Form adjectives by means of the suffixes -ful/less and translate them.

Remember:

-ful означает наличие качества, -less указывает на отсутствие качества

use, care, doubt(сомнение), fruit(плод), help, shame(стыд)

2.Read and translate the words and their derivatives.

to transport — transportation — transportable — transported success — successful — unsuccessful

to depart — departure — department — departmental convenience — convenient

distance — distant

to entertain — entertainment — entertainer — entertaining to place — to replace — replacement — replaceable

to avail — avail — availability — available

3.Match the synonyms.

to stand for	car
to transport	essential
timetable	to mean
automobile	to carry
important	distance
cruise	schedule
journey	voyage
space	trip

4. Match the words and phrases in column A with those in column B.

	A	B
1.	total	a. паромная переправа
2.	to cope with	b. маршрут

70

3.	to take advantage of	c. средство
4.	route	d. стоимость
5.	means	e. железная дорога
6.	cost	f. очевидный
7.	apparent	g. воспользоваться
8.	ferry	h. плата за проезд
9.	fare	i. справляться
10.	to ply	j. пострадать
11.	to suffer	k. весь, целый
12.	railroad	l. курсировать

5.Translate the word-combinations.

English seaside resorts, mass transportation, family groups, short-distance routes, long-distance routes, one-day excursion, the volume of passenger traffic, car ferries services, railroad passenger service

6.Pick out the English equivalents to the following Russian words and expressions.

1.	регулярные рейсы	a. abbreviation
2.	чартерные авиалинии	b. carrier
3.	нерегулярные рейсы	c. scheduled airlines
4.	поездка по туристической	d. inclusive tour
	путевке
5.	авиалиния, авиакомпания	e. nonscheduled airlines
6.	количество посадочных мест	f. charter airlines
7.	специальные тарифы	g. charter inclusive tour
8.	перевозчик	h. airline

71

9.	коллективный тур (включа-	i. seating capacity
	ющий проживание и транспорт)
10.	спрос	j. demand
11.	чартерный коллективный тур	k. special fares
12.	аббревиатура	l. package tour

7. Translate the sentences.

Remember:

though — хотя, несмотря на

through — через, сквозь; посредством, с помощью

1)The airlines offer a percentage of their seats for sale through travel agents or tour operators.

2)He doesn’t like to travel by car though the apparent costs of a trip by automobile are lower than by train.

3)Special lower fares are offered for sale by the scheduled airlines through tour operators and travel agents.

4)Charter inclusive tours are sold at even lower fares though more comfortable.

8.Translate the sentences paying attention to “as”, “as well as”.

Remember:

as — как; так как; as well as — так же как; а также

1)Motor buses or coaches as they are called in England have replaced railroad passenger service on many local routes.

2)The cruise ship acts as the hotel for the passengers as well as their means of transportation.

3)For long-distance travel, the airline has replaced the railroad and the ship as the principal carrier.

4)As seating capacity increased with the introduction of larger planes, the airlines offered a percentage of their seats for sale through travel agents or tour operators.

72

Work at your Grammar

Remember:

Многозначность слова “one”

		Пример	Перевод
äèí	Числительное	There is one fli
		the timetable.	авиарейс.
	Неопределенное	One can easily find	Можно легко найти
	местоимение	this museum.	этот музей.
	Слово-	This voyage is more	Это морское путе-
	заместитель	interesting than that one.	шествие интереснее,
			чем то (путешествие).

1.Translate the sentences paying attention to “one”.

1)Transportation is one of the most important aspects in the total tourist industry.

2)One can depart from his own home and arrive at his destination without transferring luggage.

3)This package is much cheaper than that one.

4)Charter plane is the one that has been rented to fly when and where the service is necessary.

5)One should book tickets in advance.

6)One must go this way to get to the theatre.

Remember:

Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты

	Модальные	must	can (could)	may (might)
	глаголы
	значение	долженствование	способностьразрешение
	эквиваленты	to be to (по плану)	to be able to	to be allowed to
		to have to (вынужден)
		should (следует)

73

2.Translate the sentences paying particular attention to the Modal Verbs and their equivalents.

1)People could travel to seaside resorts by train.

2)It was twenty minutes past nine. I had to go to the airport not to miss the plane.

3)The plane is to land at 11 a.m.

4)I was able to wait for her at the railway station.

5)The train was to leave at 3 p.m.

6)You should check in at the hotel.

7)They will not be allowed to travel by plane.

3.Put the sentences into the Past and Future Indefinite Tenses.

1)We have to stay at home because our father is ill.

2)He isn’t able to join us in our trip because he is busy.

3)Travellers have to use car ferries.

4)You are allowed to travel alone or in a small group.

5)In spite of the timetable the flight has to be at 6 p.m.

4.Put in “to have to” or “to be to” and translate the sentences.

1)She ...to travel by plane because she was in a hurry.

2)Who...to book tickets? — I was, but I couldn’t.

3)The first plane... to take off at 8.15 a.m.

4)So, our plan is as follows: I... to go to this travel agency and buy two package tours.

5)If I don’t come home at six o’clock, then you ... to go to the railway station alone.

5.Put the sentences into the Past and Future Indefinite Tenses replacing the Modal Verbs by their equivalents.

1)You may carry my luggage to the taxi.

2)I must take a business trip.

3)We can spend one week of our holidays on a ship on the Volga River.

74

Remember:

	Значения глаголов “to be”и		“to have”
	смысловой (быть)		смысловой (иметь)
to be	вспомогательныйвспомогательный(—) to have		(—)
	модальный (долж		модальный (должен)

6.Translate the sentences paying attention to the verbs “to be” and “to have”.

1)The automobile has replaced the railroad for most local travel.

2)Cars are also used extensively for international journeys.

3)This train is to arrive at 5 p.m.

4)We have to revise our plans.

5)A 3-star hotel has a tour desk.

6)A cruise is a voyage by ship.

7.Translate the sentences including Participle I.

1)Railroads formed the first means of mass transportation, carrying a lot of people to different places.

2)The ship was still being redecorated.

3)Increasing seating capacity airlines were able to lower prices for tickets.

4)The cabins were still being painted.

5)I was trying to arrange accommodation for two businessmen from abroad at that time yesterday.

1.Read text 1 for detail and make up a plan of it.

Text 1

TRANSPORTATION

Transportation is an important aspect in the total tourist industry because it is an essential feature of tourism.

75

During the 19th century railroads spread across Europe, North America and many other parts of the world. They formed the first successful system of mass transportation, carrying a lot of people to such English seaside resorts as Brighton, Margate and Blackpool.

Steamships were developed at the same time as railroads. By 1900, they were used for carrying passengers and freight.

In the second half of the 20th century the automobile has replaced the railroad for most local travel. It offers convenience.

The traveller can depart from his own home and arrive at his destination without transferring luggage or coping with any of the other difficulties. The apparent costs of a trip by automobile are also lower, especially for family groups.

A very large percentage of domestic tourism now takes advantage of the automobile for transportation. In Europe, where the distance from one national board to another may be very short, automobiles are also used extensively for international journeys.

For long-distance travel, the airplane has replaced the railroad and the ship as the principal carrier. The railroads have suffered on short-distance routes as well as on long-distance routes. Motor buses or coaches as they are called in England have replaced railroad passenger service on many local routes.

Ships still play an important part in tourism for the purpose of cruising. A cruise is a voyage by ship that is made for pleasure rather than to arrive quickly at a fixed destination. The cruise ship acts as the hotel for the passengers as well as their means of transportation. When the tourists reach a port, they are usually conducted on one-day excursions, but they are to return to the ship to eat and to sleep.

Ships play another part in modern tourism as car ferries. Particularly in Europe, the tourist who wants to have his car with him on a trip has to take advantage of car ferries across the English Channel or the Strait of Gibraltar. The city of Dover on the English Channel handles the largest volume of passenger traffic of any port in the UK primarily because of car ferries services.

The airlines are now very prominent in the tourist industry and it is important to remember that there are two kinds of airline operations, scheduled and nonscheduled.

76

A scheduled airline operates on fixed routes at fixed times according to a timetable that is available to the public.

A nonscheduled airline operates on routes and at times when there is a demand for the service. The non-scheduled airline is, in other words, a charter operation that rents its aircraft. The scheduled airlines aim their services primarily at business travellers, at people visiting friends and relatives, and at others who travel alone or in small groups. A scheduled airline flight is usually filled with travellers going to the same destination.

As seating capacity increased with the introduction of newer, larger and faster planes, the airlines were able to offer a percentage of their seats for sale through travel agents or tour operators.

IT stands for inclusive tour, a travel package that offers both transportation and accommodations, and often entertainment as well.

Another important abbreviation in tourism is CIT, charter inclusive tour is one that uses a charter plane for transportation. Charter plane is an aircraft that has been rented to fly when and where the service is necessary. Charter inclusive tours are sold at even lower fares than the inclusive tours on the scheduled airlines.

Notes:
the English Channel	Ëà-Ìàíø
the Strait of Gibraltar [Gi ´brO:ltq]	Гибралтарский пролив

2. Agree or disagree using the clichés.

I think you are right. I agree with you. That’s right.

I think you are wrong. I don’t agree with you. That’s not quite right.

1)Transportation is an important aspect in the total tourist industry.

2)During the 18th century railroads that spread across Europe, North America and many other parts of the world formed the first successful system of mass transportation.

3)In the second half of the 20th century the automobile has replaced the railroad for most local travel.

77

4)By 1900 steamships were used for carrying passengers.

5)For long-distance travel, the airplane has replaced the railroad and the ship as the principal carrier.

6)The railroads have lost much of their business on short-dis- tance routes.

7)Motor buses have replaced railroad passenger service on many local routes.

8)The tourists can take advantage of car ferries across the English Channel or the Strait of Gibraltar.

9)There are three kinds of airline operations.

10)A nonscheduled airline operates according to the timetable.

11)A scheduled airline is, in other words, a charter operation that rents its aircraft to fly when and where the service is desired.

12)IT means inclusive tour, a tour package that offers transportation, accommodations, and often other conveniences.

13)Charter inclusive tours are sold at higher fares than the inclusive tours on the scheduled airlines.

3.Answer the questions.

1)What part does transportation play in the tourism industry?

2)When did railroads spread?

3)When were steamships developed?

4)Why have railroads and ships lost much of their business?

5)What means of transportation has become the principal carrier for long distance travel?

6)Why are cars the most popular means of transportation?

7)Why do ships play an important part in tourism?

8)What is a cruise?

9)What is a car ferry?

10)What are the two kinds of airline operations?

78

11)What is the difference between scheduled and nonscheduled airlines?

12)What does IT stand for?

13)What does CIT mean?

1.Speak on the problems.

a)The history of transportation development.

b)The most important means of transportation today.

c)Different kinds of airline operations and special air fares.

d)Sea transportation.

TRAVELLING BY TRAIN

Word List

1.	train	поезд
2.	express train	экспресс
3. fast train		скорый поезд
4. slow train		поезд малой скорости
5.	coach (carriage; car)	вагон
6. day coach [kout ]		вагон без спальных мест (сидячий)
7. compartment		êóïå
8. compartment car		купейный вагон
9. car with reserved seats		плацкартный вагон
10.	dining car	вагон-ресторан
11.	sleeper	спальный вагон
12.	luggage rack	багажная полка
13.	upper (lower) berth	верхняя (нижняя) полка

14.ticket collector

(guard-attendant) проводник

79