Английский

Функции инфинитива в предложении и его перевод

Функции	Способы перевода	Примеры
Подлежащее	Инфинитивом,	To perform the research is our
	существительным	task.
	в именительном	Провести исследование —
	падеже	наша задача.
		Проведение исследования —
		наша задача.
Часть	Инфинитивом	Our task is to perform this
составного		research.
именного		Наша задача — провести
сказуемого		это исследование.
Часть	Инфинитивом	We are to perform this research
составного		in a week.
глагольного		Мы должны провести это
сказуемого		исследование через неделю.
Дополнение	Инфинитивом,	We want to perform this
	существительным	research in a week.
		Мы хотим провести это
		исследование через неделю.
		Нам нужно проведение этого
		исследования через неделю.
Определение	Придаточным	The research to be performed is
	определительным	very important.
		Исследование, которое нужно
		провести, очень важное.
Обстоятельство	Придаточным	To perform this research we need
	обстоятельства	special equipment.
	öåëè	Для того, чтобы выполнить
		это исследование, нам нужно
		специальное оборудование.

1.State the functions of the Infinitive and translate the sentences.

1)To perform the research is one of the government’s tasks.

2)To develop tourism, it is necessary to perform the research.

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3)Deeper research makes it possible to find out why tourists visited a particular resort.

4)The facilities to be based on the infrastructure are often called the superstructure.

5)Governments are to regulate different components of the tourist industry.

6)Most countries want to regulate the location and density of new developments.

7)The main aim is to promote tourism.

2.Translate the following sentences including Participle II and the Infinitive as an attribute.

1)The research and analysis to be performed result in statistics on the tourist industry.

2)The research and analysis performed by the government result in statistics on the tourist industry.

3)The location of new developments to be regulated greatly affects spreading the economic benefits.

4)The location of new developments regulated by the government greatly affects spreading the economic benefits.

3.Find in text 1 the sentences including the Infinitive, state its functions and translate the sentences.

4.Translate the sentences paying attention to the Gerund.

1)The analysis means interpreting trends from the statistical figures.

2)Governments are engaged in promoting a flow of tourism.

3)Any country can discourage incoming tourism simply by not providing accommodations and catering services or by restricting the length of time a traveller can stay in that country.

4)Another kind of research in tourism involves trying to determine the social impact of tourism on an area.

5)Governments invest in tourism in the form of building and improving the infrastructure.

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The Prepositional Infinitive Construction

(Предложный инфинитивный оборот)

	существительное
For +		+ инфинитив
	me, you, him, her, it, us, them

It was important for our government to invest in tourism.

Для нашего правительства было важно, чтобы инвестировали туризм.

Для нашего правительства было важно инвестировать туризм. Для нашего правительства было важно инвестирование туризма.

5.Read and translate the sentences.

1)For tourist promotion to be a success, much work must be done.

2)There was no reason for him to go abroad.

3)Foreign visitors waited for the entry formalities to be simplified.

4)It is convenient for us to finish this research as soon as possible.

5)There is only one thing for you to do.

6.Find in text 1 the sentences including the Prepositional Infinitive Construction and translate them.

1.Read text 1 and make up a plan of it.

2.Translate the text.

Text 1

REGULATION, RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

IN TOURISM

The roles of government are very important for tourism. They set the policy of their country towards tourism. To regulate the different components of the tourist industry is one of their tasks.

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Travel is made easier when there are no visa requirements and when the entry formalities are simple. Visa is a travel document that gives permission for a foreigner to enter, or in some cases to leave another country. It is important for tourist promotion to relax the kind of regulation that is usually called “red tape”.

National policy can also discourage tourism. Any country cannot provide accommodations and catering services or is able to restrict the length of time a traveller can stay in that country. To restrict entry some countries have set visa and entrance requirements.

Governments are also involved in day-to-day regulation of tourism including various kinds of licensing.

A license to be taken is a document giving permission to carry on a particular kind of activity after paying a fee.

Governments perform the research and analysis that result in statistics on the tourist industry. Research generally means collecting data that can be put into statistical form and the analysis means interpreting trends from the statistical figures. Research involves travel statistics, tourist expenditures, the purpose of the trip or the tourist’s reactions to his holiday. Deeper research makes it possible to find out why tourists visited a particular resort and what their reactions were. The main aim of another kind of research is to determine the social impact of tourism on an area. It is necessary for governments to be engaged in promoting a flow of tourism. In many countries, tourism is so important that its interests are represented at the ministerial level of government. To promote tourism counties or regions, relax some regulations. The location and density of new developments to be regulated affects spreading the economic benefits more widely.

Where government investment in tourism is not direct, there must be an indirect investment in the form of building or improving the infrastructure. The infrastructure consists of those things that are necessary before development can take place — roads, electricity, telephone service, airports, and water supply. The facilities to be based on the infrastructure are often called the superstructure.

Before a government undertakes tourist development, it usually attempts to determine the market potential — the number or percentage of travellers it can hope to attract. This is followed by studies of the social impact and very often of the environmental impact.

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The research is followed by the actual planning and development that include improvement of the infrastructure, financial arrangements, and construction of the superstructure. The tendency at the present time is in favour of careful research and planning instead of unrestricted growth and expansion.

Note:

red tape — бюрократические процедуры

3. Complete the following sentences.

1) Governments set the policy of their country ... ... .

2) The government’s function is to ... the different components of the tourist industry.

3) National policy can also discourage tourism by not providing ... and ... ... or restricting ... ... ... a traveller can stay in that country.

4) To restrict entry some countries have set ... and ... ... .

5) Governments perform ... and ... that result in statistics on the tourist industry.

6) The analysis means ... ... from the statistical figures.

7) Research generally means ... ... that can be put into statistical form.

8) Research involves ... ..., ... ..., ... ... ... or ... ... to his holiday.

9) Deeper research makes it possible to find out why ... and what ... .

10) The main aim of another kind of research is to ... ... ... of tourism on an area.

11) Governments are engaged in ... a flow of tourism. 12) To promote tourism countries or regions relax ... ... .

13) The infrastructure consists of ..., ..., ... ... and ... ... .

14)The facilities on the infrastructure are often called ... .

15)Before a government undertakes tourist development, it usually attempts to determine ... ... .

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16)The tendency at the present time is in favour of ... and ... instead of unrestricted growth and expansion.

4.Express the following definitions by one word.

a)A travel document that gives permission for a foreigner to enter, or in some cases, to leave another country.

b)Facilities based on the infrastructure.

c)A document giving permission to carry on a particular kind of activity.

d)The facilities such as airports, roads, water supply, electricity, and so on that are necessary before development of an area can take place.

5.Answer the following questions.

1)Why are the roles of government important for tourism?

2)In what ways can travel be made easier?

3)How can national policy discourage tourism?

4)What is a license?

5)What does research in tourism mean?

6)What does research involve?

7)What does the analysis of tourism mean?

8)What is the purpose of deeper research?

9)What is another kind of research aimed at?

10)How can tourism be promoted?

11)What does the infrastructure consist of?

12)What is the superstructure?

13)What is the market potential?

14)What is the tendency in tourist development at the present time?

6.Topics for Oral Compositions.

1)The roles of government for tourism development.

2)Different lines of research in tourism.

3)The modern tendency in tourism development.

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7. Scan text 2 and do the tasks below.

Text 2

OVERSEAS MARKETS

Britain is now winning back the market share of world tourism, which it lost during the 1980s and 1990s. The UK now accounts for round 5 per cent of world tourism receipts.

The British Tourist Authority (BTA) is the statutory body responsible for promoting Britain a tourist destination worldwide. BTA’s main responsibilities are to promote tourism in Britain, to advise the government on tourism matters affecting Britain as a whole, and to encourage the provision and improvement of tourist facilities in Britain. In addition to its head office in London, the BTA has a network of over 40 offices overseas.

Research undertaken by the BTA has shown that visitors to Britain are attracted by several aspects: historic cities, museums and galleries, literary heritage, traditions, and the beauty and diversity of Britain’s countryside and coasts.

Britain is famous for its artistic life. In London around 30 per cent of all the theatre tickets are bought by overseas visitors. Many of Britain’s galleries enjoy an excellent reputation in overseas markets. The National Gallery, for example, exhibits all schools of European painting from the 13th to the 19th century and involves works by Van Dyck, Rubens, El Greco, Goya, Leonardo da Vinci and Rembrandt.

Sport is a very important part of life in Britain. Horse-racing, dog-racing, and motor-racing are among the most popular sports there which gather many spectators. The sporting events including Wimbledon tennis, British Open Golf, Five Nations rugby and so on are very popular with many visitors.

Britain offers a wide spectrum of accommodations ranging from small B & Bs (bed and breakfast) to luxuriously appointed self-ca- tering cottages and apartments. B & Bs and the opportunity they offer to stay in the home of a British family are especially popular with overseas visitors.

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Britain is renowned for its shopping in terms of quality and variety. Markets remain a strong favourite with many visitors.

Notes:
authority	управление
statutory	установленный законом
renowned	знаменитый
heritage	наследство, наследие

8.Match the English equivalents in list A with the Russian words and expressions in list B.

A:the British Tourist Authority; a tourist destination; the beauty and diversity of Britain’s countryside and coasts; literary heritage; horse-racing; to account for; the market share of world tourism; world tourism receipts; worldwide; head office; overseas visitors.

В: доля на рынке мирового туризма; доходы от мирового туризма; насчитывать; Управление по туризму Англии; по всему миру; главный офис; литературное наследие; красота и разнообразие ландшафта и берегов Англии; иностранные гости; скачки; место отдыха туристов.

9.Make up a plan of text 2.

10.Using your plan write an annotation of this text in Russian according to the following scheme.

1.	Введение	...Статья называется
2.	Основная часть.	В статье автор информирует читателя о ...
		Он указывает (называет) ...
		Сообщается о ...
		Подробно раскрываются ...
		Кроме того ...
		В заключение сообщается о ...
3.	Вывод	Данная статья представляет интерес для ...

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		Word List
1. to retain		сохранять, поддерживать
2. to overcome		преодолевать
3. goal syn.: purpose, aim		öåëü
4. seasonal bias		зд.: сезонные тенденции; сезонность
5. to spread		распространять
6. to advertise;		рекламировать;
	advertisement;	рекламное объявление;
	advertising	реклама
7. publicity		зд.: реклама посредством публикаций
		в прессе
8. public relations		связь с общественностью; реклама
9. a great deal of		много
10.	media (ðl.: îò medium)	зд.: средства массовой информации
11.	tangible	осязаемый, ощутимый
12.	familiarization	осваивание, ознакомление
13.	to come under	зд.: называться
	the heading
14.	to convey	передавать, сообщать
15.	experience	îïûò
16.	evidence	доказательство, свидетельство;
		очевидность
17.	mail	почта
18.	choice	выбор
19.	to cut	зд.: сокращать
20.	“word of mouth”	«из уст в уста»; передача информации
		при личном общении
21.	to consider	считать
22.	to report	сообщать
23.	to believe	думать, полагать; верить

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Phonetics

1.Read the words paying attention to the sounds.

[q:] — advertisement, word, purpose , determine, first, serve [i:] — seasonal, media, deal, mean, previous, believe

[A] — company, public, under, colour

[e] — spread, heading, professional, hotel, evidence [T] — three, through

Work at the words

1.Read and translate the words and their derivatives. to retain — retainer

season — seasonal — seasonable

to publicize — public — publicity — publication — publicist to spread — spread — spreading

to familiarize — familiarity — familiarization — familiar to convey — conveyance — conveyer

evidence — evident — evidential mail — mailing

2.Match the synonyms.

to retain, to believe, intimate, to reduce, publicity, to carry, to extend, aim, to overcome, to keep, to win, goal, to spread, advertising, to think, to convey, to cut, familiar.

3.Pick the English equivalents in column A close in meaning to the words in column B.

A				B
a. since		1.	кроме того
b. in addition		2.	так как, поскольку
c. on the other hand		3.	êàê ... ... òàê è; è... ... è
d. both... and		4.	поэтому
e. so		5.	с другой стороны
f. through		6.	через

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