1. Translate the text into Russian.

2. Answer the following questions:

1. How did E. Tylor define “culture”?

2. When was the first inventory of cultural categories undertaken?

3. What are the three components of culture?

4. What does culture include?

5. What new information did you get from the text?

3. Find the proper place for the words from the box:

Assisted Glue Patterned

Behaviour High Proposed

Beliefs Human Skills

Culture Inventory Socially

Exhaustive Involves Thought

Field Manual Values

a) The modern definition of culture was _________ by Tylor.

b) The Committee __________________ by Tylor prepared an anthropological culture ____________ ___________ that listed seventy-six culture topics.

c) The first ____________ of cultural categories was made in 1872.

d) Culture is the _____________ that binds people together.

e) Culture ______________ what people think, what they do and what they produce.

f) Mental processes, ______________, knowledge, ___________, and __________ are parts of culture.

g) The most __________ list of culture topics was published in 1938.

h) Edward Tylor originally defined culture as _____________ ____________ _____________ ____________ and ____________.

i) Arts can be defined as ______________ ____________.

4. Match the words with their meanings:

a) anthropologist h) threshold

b) attitude i) custom

c) behave j) human

d) belief k) tool

e) ingrained l) bind

f) skill m) creative

g) value

1) A special ability to do something well, especially as gained by learning and practice.

2) Having qualities that distinguish people.

3) The lowest level at which something begins to operate, happen, produce an effect etc.

4) The usefulness, helpfulness, or importance of something.

5) Having power to make something new or original.

6) The feeling that something is true or that really exists.

7) A scientist engaged in study of the human race, including its different types and its beliefs, social habits and organization, arts and way of life.

8) The instrument held in the hands and used by workman.

9) Fixed firmly and deeply, so that it is difficult to remove or destroy.

TEST ON UNIT I

1. How many countries are there in the UK?

a) 2;

b) 3;

c) 4.

2. Who is the head of the UK?

a) the President;

b) the King or the Queen;

c) the Prime Minister.

3. Everybody knows that London is the capi­tal of the UK, but can you name the capi­tals of Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales?

1) Belfast, Edinburgh, Cardiff;

2) Glasgow, Edinburgh, Aberdeen;

3) Bristol, Dublin, Birmingham.

4. Where did the Beatles come from?

a) London;

b) Manchester;

c) Liverpool.

5. The United Kingdom has the land border with:

a) France;

b) Portugal;

c) the Irish Republic.

6. What is the favourite sport in the UK?

a) football;

b) baseball;

c) golf.

7. They say the Loch Ness Monster lives in a lake in:

a) Scotland;

b) Wales;

c) Ireland.

8. Which is the most widely spoken language in the world?

a) English;

b) Russian;

c) Mandarin Chi­nese.

9. Canada is a country of lakes. Choose the lake which is situated in another country:

a) the Ontario;

b) the Huron;

c) the Michigan;

d) the Victoria.

10. The capital of Canada is:

a) Ottawa;

b) Canberra;

c) Toronto;

d) Washington.

11. Australia is not rich in:

a) minerals;

b) sugar;

c) sheep stations;

d) computer building.

12. Canada consists of:

a) provinces;

b) territories;

c) provinces and territories.

13. New Zealand is:

a) a member of the Commonwealth;

b) a slave state;

c) an independent monarchy.

14. The first inventory of cultural categories was undertaken by a committee of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, which was assisted by Tylor …

a) in 1872;

b) in 1938;

c) in 1900.

15. The committee prepared an anthropological field manual that listed a) one hundred culture topics;

b) seventy-six culture topics;

c) sixty-seven culture topics.

Unit II

TEXT I