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Several years ago, employees at General Motor (GM) began sporting badges with the number 29 on them. That figure represented the share of the American car market that GMs bosses aspired to.

Many different things have contributed to the shocking downfall of GM. which now has less than 20% of the US ear market. But an emphasis on building market share rather than profitable vehicles is certainly one of them.

Like GM’s leaders, managers everywhere love to set targets for their staff Budgeting and planning meetings assign financial and non-financial goals at a corporate level, as well as '‘stretch goals' for individual units. These targets are then translated into personal goals that senior executives and other employees are expected to achieve.

Such goal setting it widely considered to be a powerful way to motivate employees and boost their productivity. But some management researchers have given warning recently that the practice can have dire consequences which are often ignored by executives.

A paper in the Academy of Management Perspectives notes that goal setting is widely considered to be used for improving corporate performance when in fact it should be used with great care because of its potentially harmful side-effects

Among these is the risk that narrow goals can produce narrow-minded workers whose focus on achieving a particular target blinds them to other issues affecting a company's success.

Лексико-грамматический тест

Vocabulary

I. Choose the «odd one out» in each of these groups of basic business words.

1. a. Plant b. Factory c. Office d. Works

2. a. Client b. Customer c. Consumer d. Employee

3. a. Salary b. Cash c. Pay d. Income

4. a. Manager b. Vice-President c. Executive d. Business person

5. a. Company b. Division c. Section d. Department

6. a. Assistant b. Deputy c. Subordinate d. Accounts

7. a. Timetable b. Plan c. Development d. Schedule

8. a. Staff b. Personnel c. Workforce d. Partner

9. a. Choice b. Option c. Action d. Alternative

10. a. aim b. Target c. Reach d. Objective

II. Choose the right word to fill in the blank.

1. A covered area with shops , supermarket and restaurants is called a ......

a. cash and carry b. shopping mall c. chain store

2. Money is not the only.......or reason why people work.

a. achievement b. job satisfaction c. motivation

3. ........is the difference between the price retailers pay for the goods and the price they sell the goods at to the consumer.

a. wholesale b. margin c. interest rate

4. ........ or solving problems, is a necessary part of business.

a. goal b. opportunity c. troubleshooting

5. Many companies have......which explains what the customer can expect of the company .

a. a code of practice b. customer care. c. customer loyalty

6. Before going on a business trip business people have to plan.......

a. a flight b. a holiday c. an itinerary

7. The ....... of a product are the things that make it special and different from other similar products.

a. features b. unique selling points c. benefits

8. Some companies really value their employees and see them as the company's main ....

a. achievement b. status c. assent

9. The male to ...... business is competitive , direct and confrontational.

a. approach b. method c. preference

10. All businesses are ……. by their immediate environment .

a. suffered b. affected c. effected

III. Match the words from the two columns to make up partnerships

1. job a. lag

2. SWOT b. power

3. economic c. name

4. parent d. business

5. social e. company

6. jet f. conventions

7. repeat g. range

8. spending h. security

9. household i. recession

10. product j.alysis

IV. Give the nationality words for the names of the countries.

1. Belgium; 2. Canada; 3. Finland; 4. Italy; 5. Norway; 6. Norway; 7. Malta; 8. Japan; 9. Denmark; 10. Greece.

V. Give antonyms the following words.

1.decrease, 2. employment, 3. high, 4. confrontation, 5. rise, 6. loyal, 7. expensice, 8. collective, 9. import, 10. negative.

VI. Fill in the missing words

№	verb	Noun (general)	Noun (person)
1	Produce
2			provider
3		development
4	employ
5	advertise
6		analysis
7			competitor
8		invention
9	innovate		innovator
10			manager