Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine

Sumy State University

3653 Methodological instructions

on Lexicology

for the students of the speciality 6.0020303 “Philology”

of the full-time course of study

Part 2

Sumy

Sumy State University

2013

Methodological instructions on Lexicology / compiler G. V. Chulanova. – Sumy : Sumy State University, 2013. – 71 p.

Germanic Philology Department

Contents

P.

INTRODUCTION…………………………………….……….	4
PART 5. SEMASIOLOGY………………………….……….	5
Change of Meaning ………………………………..…..……..	9
Transference Based on Resemblance (Similarity) ……………	9
Transference Based on Contiguity ……………………..….....	10
Broadening (or Generalization) of Meaning. Narrowing (or Specialization) of Meaning …………...………………………	13
Semantic Groups of Words. Synonyms ………………......…..	14
Types of Semantic Components ………………………...……	15
Types of Connotations ………………………………….…….	16
Types of Synonyms……………………………………..…….	17
Dominant Synonyms………………..……………..………....	18
Sources of Synonymy………………………..……….....…....	18
Euphemisms ……………….…………………………...……..	19
Homonyms…………….………………..…………………….	22
Sources of Homonyms……………………………..………....	24
Paronyms……………..……………………………………….	29
Antonyms ………………..……………………………………	31
Functional Semantic Classes …………………….……..……..	33
Qualifiers (Degree Modifiers)………………………...…..….	33
Responsives (Interjections)……………………………...……	35
PART 6. ENGLISH PHRASEOLOGY ……………….……...	37
Proverbs …………………………………………...………….	46
PART 7. STYLISTIC DIFFERENTIATION OF ENGLISH WORDS .	47
Literary-Bookish Words …………………….………..…..…..	47
Colloquial Words …………………..….……………………..	52
PART 8. SOME BASIC PROBLEMS OF DICTIONARY ….	56
Compiling ……………………….……………………...…….	56
Types of Dictionaries ………..………………………....…….	62
BASIC LITERATURE …………………………………….....	68
SUPPLEMENTARY LITERATURE …………………...…....	69

Introduction

“The Course in English and Ukrainian Lexicology” is an attempt to supply students of English and Ukrainian Lexicology with a practical appendix to the lecture and seminar course of lexicology studies. The purpose of this book is to aid the teaching process by which a student becomes aware of English and Ukrainian Lexicology. The book is intended to acquaint students with the main topics treated at seminars in Modern Lexicology (etymology, word-formation, semasiology, phraseology, etc.) and meets the requirements of the programme in this subject. Some sections of exercises offer training in comparative practical work which aims at establishing parallels between English and Ukrainian.

The book is in 8 parts. It includes 8 theoretical chapters, practical assignments for seminars and independent work. The practical assignments are preceded by theoretical notes which contain working definitions of principal concepts. The author lays stress on the practical aspect of lexicology studies.

In most cases, the practical assignments present English words in natural contexts of British and American literature of the 20^th century. The material of the book may also be used in teaching a course of the Theory and Practice of Translation.

This book does not try to cover everything. The author will be much obliged for any criticism.