ЭД-103 / Subj / 732-Экономика англоговорящих стран и Челябинской области

∙In 2008 they invested €927 million in research and development, for example in opening new Centers of Excellence for product research and development in Italy, Poland and the UK

∙They are the global market leader in all the Food categories in which they operate: Savory and Dressings, Spreads, Weight Management, Tea, and Ice Cream

∙They are also global market leader in Skin and Deodorants, and have very strong positions in other Home and Personal Care categories

∙In 2008 they invested €91 million on community proj ects worldwide

∙They have 270 manufacturing sites across six continents.

2.Make up a table about Unilever using the information from the text.

creation

turnover

employees

clients

brands

research and development

global market leader

investments

manufacturing sites

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Part 2

The Economy of the USA

1. Read and translate the text.

The economy of the United States is the largest national economy in the world. Its gross domestic product (GDP) was estimated as $14.3 trillion in 2008, ranked at around number 10 in the world.

US is a market-oriented economy, where private individuals and business firms make most of the decisions, and the federal and state governments buy needed goods and services predominantly in the private marketplace. The consumer role is so great in fact, that the nation is sometimes characterized as having a “consumer economy”, though the government plays an important role in the national economy. The US federal government regulates private enterprise in different ways; they are the economic and social regulation. The government guides the overall pace of economic activity, attempting to maintain steady growth, high levels of employment, and price stability.

The major economic problem is external debt which was over $ 10 trillion in January 2009.

The US is rich in mineral resources and fertile farm soil, extensive coastlines, navigable rivers and lakes. Major mineral resources – including iron ore, lead, and copper, as well as energy resources such as coal, crude oil, and natural gas – are abundant in the US.

America ranks second in production of gold, silver, copper, lead, natural gas, and coal. The USA is the leading manufacturer in the world with a 2007 industrial output of $ 2,696, 880 million. Main industries are petroleum, steel, motor vehicles, aerospace, telecommunications, chemicals, electronics, food processing, consumer goods, lumber, and mining.

Services sector is the primary economic sector of USA. It contributes nearly 67.8% towards the GDP of the country. Information, retail, scientific, technical and

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professional services form the major parts of this sector. Out of all the services, wholesale and retail trade comes up as the leading business areas.

The USA remains one of the top three exporters of the world. Many businesses compete for a share of the USA market. The US is the top export market for almost 60 trading nations worldwide. The USA both imports and exports commercial airplanes, automobiles and computer products.

It is the most technologically advanced nation in the world, and has a highly educated and skilled labor force.

The country is currently going through a period of economic recession but is expected to recover soon from this situation.

2. Put 2 parts of the words together to form 7 words and translate them.

3.Find in the text nouns modified by the following adjectives:

national; domestic; important; major; navigable; industrial; commercial.

4. Find in the text sentences with the following words and translate them.

1)to be rich in

2)to remain

3)to compete for

4)to rank

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5)to be characterized

6)to be estimated

5.Speak about the following points:

1)Type of the US economy

2)Economic problems

3)Mineral resources

4)Main industries and output

5)Export and import

6)Service sector

Read the text and answer the question “What is the main reason of the US economic crisis?”

The Financial Crisis in the USA

The financial crisis was widely regarded as the worst since the Great Depression. It began after home prices plunged and many banks were left with bad debt. Many people found themselves owing more on their mortgage than their home was worth.

During the second quarter of 2008 a record 1.2 million homes were in foreclosure.

The banks suffered a reported $ 523 billion in losses. Suddenly they stopped lending, throwing the economy into a credit crisis.

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Famous People of the USA

Donald Trump

Donald John Trump (born June 14, 1946) is an American business magnate, socialite, author and television personality. He is the Chairman and CEO of the Trump Organization, a US-based real-estate developer. Trump is also the founder of Trump Entertainment Resorts, which operates numerous casinos and hotels across the world.

Donald was the fourth of five children of Fred Trump, a wealthy real estate developer based in New York City. Trump attended The Kew-Forest School in Forest Hills, Queens, but after trouble there when he was thirteen, his parents sent him to the New York Military Academy hoping to direct his energy in a positive manner. Trump attended Fordham University for two years before transferring to the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. After graduating in 1968 with a Bachelor of Science in economics and concentration in finance, he joined his father's real estate company, the Trump Organization.

In 1971 Trump moved his residence to Manhattan, where he became convinced of the economic opportunity in the city, specifically large building projects in Manhattan that would offer opportunities for earning high profits.

A similar opportunity would arise in the city's attempt to restore the Wollman Rink in Central Park--a project started in 1980 with an expected 2½-year construction schedule that was still, with $12 million spent, nowhere near completion in 1986. Trump offered to take over the job at no charge to the city, an offer that was initially rebuffed until it received much local media attention. Trump was given the job which he completed in six months and with $750,000 of the $3 million budgeted for the project left over.

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Starting with the renovation of the Commodore Hotel into the Grand Hyatt with the Pritzker family, he continued with Trump Tower in New York City and several other residential projects. Trump would later expand into the airline industry (buying the Eastern Shuttle routes) and Atlantic City casino business, including buying the Taj Mahal Casino from the Crosby family, then taking it into bankruptcy. This expansion, both personal and business, led to mounting debt. Much of the news about him in the early 1990s involved his much publicized financial problems, creditor-led bailout, extramarital affair with Marla Maples, and the resulting divorce from his first wife, Ivana Trump.

The late 1990s saw a resurgence in his financial situation and fame. In 2001, he completed Trump World Tower, a 72-story residential tower across from the United Nations Headquarters. Also, he began construction of Trump Place, a multi-building development along the Hudson River. Trump owns commercial space in Trump International Hotel and Tower, a 44-story mixed-use (hotel and condominium) tower on Columbus Circle. Trump currently owns several million square feet of prime Manhattan real estate, and remains a major figure in the field of real estate in the United States.

In its October 7, 2007 Forbes 400 issue, "Acreage Aces," Forbes valued Trump's wealth to $3.0 billion. Trump is known for his many properties.

Some of Trump completed properties

Trump World Tower: 845 United Nations Plaza, New York, NY. It is valued at $290 million.

Trump Tower: 725 Fifth Ave, New York Trump owns the retail and office space on the lower half of this building. It is valued at $288 million.

Personal Residence: Trump Tower: top 3 floors of Trump Tower with approximately 30,000 square feet (3,000 m²) of space; detailed in bronze, gold, and marble. Worth as much as $50 million, it is one of the most valuable apartments in New York City.

The Trump Building at 40 Wall Street: Trump bought and renovated

this building for about $35 million in 1996.

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Trump Entertainment Resorts: This company owns the Trump branded casino resorts.

Trump International Hotel and Tower Chicago The entire project is valued at $1.2 billion ($112 million stake for Trump).

Trump Hotel Las Vegas is a joint development with fellow Forbes 400 member, Phillip Ruffin. Trump's stake is valued at $162 million.

Trump International Hotel and Tower New York Forbes values Trump's stake at $12 million.

2. Retell the text according to the plan:

1)The text is devoted to…

2)It tells us about/ it gives information about…

3)The beginning of the text is about…

4)The main fact is that…

5)The article points out that …

6)The conclusion is…

7)I personally think that…

3. Think of any other famous and rich people in the economy of the USA.

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Part 3

The Economy of the Chelyabinsk Region

1. Read and translate the text and match the headings with the paragraphs.

a)	Population	e)	Banks
b)	Location	f)	Growth rate
c)	Advantages	g)	Major industries

d)Natural resources

1)The Chelyabinsk region is located on the border between Europe and Asia, on the crossroad of major transport routes. The region is a part of the Ural Federal District.

2)There are 27 cities and 300 settlements in the Chelyabinsk Region. The estimated population is 3.7 million people. 1.7 million (47%) of them are of employment age. The major center of the region, the city of Chelyabinsk, is situated at the distance of 1600 kms. from Moscow. As to its population, which is

1.14million people, Chelyabinsk ranks 8th in Russia.

3)The Chelyabinsk region is rich in natural treasures including minerals, iron ores, ores of non-ferrous metals and other natural resources. The region is also rich in water and timber.

4)Metallurgy, machine building, fuel and energy, construction and agriculture industries are major industries here. There are more than 800 large and medium-sized industrial companies in the region. It ranks fourth in Russia for amount of products shipped in manufacturing industry, 11th for gross regional product.

5)The growth rate of the region’s economy is two times higher than the average in Russia. Gross regional product in 2007 is estimated at 505 billion rubles.

6)One of the advantages of the Chelyabinsk region is that it has highlyqualified human resources. Although the economy is dependent on metallurgy, still more than 50 % of the population works in non-metallurgic sectors of the

economy.

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7) Foreign investment is flowing in the region from more than 70 countries all over the world. Today the Chelyabinsk region is home to 11 independent commercial banks, 48 branches of banks based in other regions and 24 offices of Sberbank RF. Credit Ural Bank, Chelindbank and Chelyabinvestbank are three banks based in the Chelyabinsk region that are always on the list of Russia’s 200 largest banks in terms of assets.

1.

Find the words from the text:

∙

металлургия

m

e

l

u

g

e

b

r

a

n

∙

топливо

w

t

a

l

l

o

f

d

p

c

∙

минералы

e

c

h

z

u

r

g

y

r

h

∙

филиал

m

p

l

n

f

i

u

s

b

q

∙

числиться

∙

руды

e

l

o

y

m

w

f

u

f

o

∙

занятость

r

e

l

y

e

c

x

e

t

s

a

n

k

r

n

t

i

l

j

l

s

m

f

a

s

g

v

b

f

a

o

r

e

s

y

m

i

n

e

r

2. What do these numbers refer to?

1.

27

6.

1600

11.

70

2.

300

7.

1.14

12.

48

3.

3.7

8.

800

13.

24

4.

1.7

9.

505

14.

200

5.

47%

10.

50%

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4. Answer the questions:

1)Where is the Chelyabinsk region located?

2)What District is it part of?

3)What is the population of the region?

4)What is the population of the major city?

5)Where is Chelyabinsk situated?

6)What natural resources is the Chelyabinsk region rich in?

7)What is the number of industrial companies in the region?

8)Is the growth rate of the region’s economy higher or lower than the average in Russia?

9)What are the advantages of the region?

10)What are the most famous banks of Chelyabinsk?

11) How many offices of Sberbank RF are there in the Chelyabinsk Region?

5. Say whether these sentences are true or false.

1)The Chelyabinsk region is located on the border between Europe and Ural.

2)The region is a part of Ural Federal District.

3)The major center of the region is the city of Magnitogorsk.

4)There are more than 800 industrial companies in the region.

5)Less than 50% of the population works in non-metallurgic sectors of the economy.

The Cities and towns of the Chelyabinsk region and their economy

1. Read and translate the text.

Zlatoust

Zlatoust is the oldest city in the mining area of the Chelyabinsk region. It used to be a village that was founded in 1754. The city is known all over the world for its bulat steel, the first steel guns and the unique art of steel engraving. Today Zlatoust is a modern center of metallurgy and machine building. The city ranks third in the region in terms of population.

Karabash

The history of the town goes back as far as 1822 when miners started washing gold on the Sak-Elga river. After rich deposits of copper were identified a modern

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