курс лекцийt

Hex apaaarypa, dy,qyw 06semaem B awo qenoe,						oozuecmo, xo pas-p-
m e m ,	BbonpaHaaaen pasmme cgnomae ~oerteikc~sna.
						- -
&T.OE, -XBK		UOIW8HBBDT el'0 HOKHT8~. XOpOmO					p360Tae~88	CX8-
rae E B	10.. .I5	pas xgare padomaer na pacTmeme. C ~ a z bC ~ U ~ K O B O
X O V O BOCIlpEEhWeT H8R W T B e , TaR 5 @CRTXeEEe.
	-	-		-	-	+
E	c ESI'OTOBETb~		bamy, H~O&B;YB TO-				TOE, TO npa
~oaltePtcTmimHa aee mrpyswr, B ae3,				xax a B ziKiur asmbaeuaw an+
Meme,	odpasye~cssoxa caa~m somi p a e r n e m (Pac.I.Ia).							U p
ysemqema wrpysm HanpRareaLvI B ~				T O B ~		C	~ T aomxO B 6 9 4 7 ~
yBeZE¶EBaTbCs a0 TeX nop, Itom B I C @ m X					BOllOE&BX ~ c T E E J W OSOEEI~
ae o d p a s y e ~ cTpewma~ . 0 6 p a 8 o ~ a x en e w t ~pem~blU~EBQPBP P; UEO-
BeHaaMy	paspymeam 6 e ~ o ~ t i obBa r n ,			:KOTS cxaTas som Morna 614 elqe

XOZPO COIIPOTEBJMTbC~HarWaKe. flposli0CTb asmbsemx ~ ~ T o E I WIXt 0 5

C T ~ J W I EOILpe~ .@LUeTCRTOnbRO IIpO¶ROCTbD 6 e r o ~ a@ C T R ~ T OSO=,% DpO¶HOCTb ~ € ? T o Hclger0a~ 30OCTaeTCR DBneRO He EGn0lLb~OB~RHO0~

F

i

1

t,

'

K O H C T ~ ~ R T E B -

apMaTypbl (1.. .2$) yrjemnrasaeT trecguym cnoco6aoc~b6axm n IUL-22 pas.

A p n ~ ~ y pca ycnexoM npraMelrrrcTcR R B clgarax	aneMeHTax, aan - mep ,
B KOJlOI?EI-IBX J h c . I . 1 ~ ) . b ~ r ~ xoyomeh~ap. jBOOTe~	CTaXM	B ClKaTHe,
Hecyum c n o c o 6 ~ o c ~Honomb MmeT 6 a ~ bynemseaa	B 2 kl	donee pasa.

obecnesnsae~ox coBMecTHym p a 6 o ~ yUOA mrpysxoit. Cuememe aptaTym c de~o~cxuHe napymaeTca co speMeaeM saxe npn a ~ a . r a ~ e n b mnxs ~ e a e -

KEyrX TeMIIepaTj'W (a0 I U ~ C ) , TaK U K CTaJlb a &TOH	oNleD!T 6 m s m e
no sHaseaMoD ~oaTxim@en~blm~etitlorop a c m p e m . ~ ~	T OxopomoH	sam-

maer apmrypy i ? ~xopposm	0 OT a e t c ~ mahlcomx remepa-ryp.
Ceronm rpymo HallTn Taqm odnacrb mpomoro x o s & c ~ m , a KO-
T 0 ~ 0 f iSig CTpOHTeAbCTBe He	IIJlEMefIRnCR 6~ $.eneS06eT0~. B LLBCTOKQee
- -

spem oxono 8M Bcex crpoaTenamx x o n c ~ p y mmnonmeTcs a s xene-

SobeToHa, K O T O llOnj'PBJl~ ~ UpOKOe ~CllpOcTpaHeHP~eB CTpOETenbCTBe

bnaroaapa e r o n o s m T e n b w csottcTsa~:

- n o s ~ w o c ~n pa a x a m ~ beMy nnxlue uenecoobpsme

me B apxqeKTypme @OW ;

- qonrosesaocTz, TaK K ~ Kn p o n ~ o c ~6be ~ o mco BpeMeHeM ~ o a p a -

CTaeT, a CTanb,	HaAelUO 3 8 ~ e E H B R~ B T O H D M , He MemeT CBOHX CBOBCTB
Ha npomxemn Bcero n e p o a a aKcnngeraw coopyateii~x;
- XopOIDeii	COllpOTEBllReMOCTE	~ T M O C @ ? ~ H B M~03lIeficTBaRM0 XehCT-
Enu, nrm. Z E ~ ~ C T R I I Pceficnaasecrcdx)		a m n e m s e c m x ~ a r p y s o x ;
- HE3KOMJ	YPOBHP) 3HCDAYaTaIlklOHiMX PEICXOHOB LIO COAemHHlEIY)
coopyatemB;

- C?l.3BIulTenbHOHeRUCOKOMP ypo~HmKafIBTallbHblX 3aTpT Ha Opra-

1

'

'

s xene306e~01ia B O ~ B O ~MOCTU,				Tomem, ranepem a 8cTaxa.m. Ero
pmemm		- -		-	. -
	? O K ~ T I U I	aopor E aapanpoaaos.
				.	- -
d[enesoderomue ~ o ~ c r p p r c rno~a ~ml 0 ~ 0 6 gBossene m peanwamca
-	- -	-	-	-	-
a cbopme, voaomrme a cdop~o-laowonm~me.
3 n e ~ e n mc d o p x xeneaoderowx ROHCTPJIRW~~ ( c ~ e a o m eneaem ,
	-	-

mm, danmil @pax, x o n o m 1 aecTmame wpm, 6nom @ymaaea~oa
	-	-	-	-
ap.	asrora~na~alcvrae aasomx zenesoc5eeommx asaena!		anmr nomro-
	- -		-
	- *
X.	kh CTpOETenbElX UnOWffIceXa3 rOTOablX	BneMeHTOB-MOHTEVm

cbopme XOHCTPYEELIBHam&			H c o o p y x e ~ .T ~ R o Bcnocod n o a s o m e ~
3E8¶ETeAbHO CHHareTb TpJlHOSaTmTat E C @ K p t l & T b CpOm CTpOETenhCTBat
I---	-	s m i 4 nepon.	-
ocodeimo B

xononaoe

B ~ M ronaR .

MOEIOHHTBHB

aiene305e~08wnie ~ ~ M M ~ H R ~AnfiT C R

~ o a ~ e ~ s 3a~aasa n Bno

asnHBn.aya,nswru npoemsaa.

C ~ O ~ H O - Y O ~ O ~ MKOECTPYIUfklHH J ~

COCTORT

C ~ O P H ~ I X3JleMeHTOB,

0 6 n e ~ a s e s m xB eaaiioe Iienoe M O H O ~ T W ~ ~ T O H O M B.

TOM cnflae

c 6 o p

HUPI 1~ene306eroaYoxeT B N ~ O X H W ~Q y ~ m mo n a ~ y 6 mnxn MOHOJL~TEOB

WcTa HoacTpy~~kiETame. ~ O E c r p y ~ Hno, CpaBEeHkT9, cn

C ~ O ~ E W U I ,

Z ~ D TnosBueHae XecTKocTn Bcero C O O P ~ ~ H L IBB qenoM,

coxpamam pacxon

crrann rura

y c ~ p o f l c ~ acrngos a y s n o ~ . Haadonee

upoxoe pacnpocrpaae-

Hae B BameB crpaae nonymn cdopa~tirenesobe~oa .

Beroa AXR ~ e n e 3 0 d e ~ o ~ K~ tOaBxC T ~ ~ K npmrorosnm~ E ~ ~

163 C M ~ C U

s w e r o ,

B O ~ xpynmx,

a

u e n m aanona~renett. B xasecrse

a-ero

HCIIOJUI~YDT, B OCHOBBOU,

nOPTnBHAU~MeET. iiana

IlpOMHlUneHHOCTb BHny-

cxaer paamrIave uap m t a e ~ e a ~noa npoPsocTa

200t500 n sume.

EcXE BJlR IlpUl'OTOBneHHR deroae B KarIeCTBe MBePTWIX ~ ~ I ~ O J I E H

ncnonsaym qedeab a8 rpasere ,

nnadaaa, necnasnm,

naaeczlsmta H zp.

a npmpo~mflmapue~bi lnecox, r o nony-qam,

TaK a a s ~ ~ a e r a s l iralpemI,

6eroa cpenaeti nnoTHocra csnme 2200 A O 290 m/ur3.

3 r o

camti pac-

npoc~peaeamfiBaa beroaa.

EcJIR

B BK89eCTBe

~ ~ I I o J I H H MCXOnb3yloT~ H ~ ~ ~

IIpHpOAEble

IlOpLlCl'lJe

marepaam - nepmT, neray,

paxymerIaux a Ape,

T O nonynamr

60~0IiHs a

IIOPICTUX

38IIOZEllF9JIRX.

OBP

Ba3blBBQTCff nel?KLIYEI

H

BMelOT

lIJXOTEOCT6

He 6me e 2200 w/M'.

.

orpamesaax

~orrcrpymrmPIanaakT8 n p n u e a m

6 . 3 ~ 0srsencrott~

CTpyKTypH C b¶CKgCCTBeHEO CO3AaHEUE XIOpaMH, COCTORnlllb

a3 CMeCLl

B m e l ' O

H MOJIOTOI'O

IIeCKa

llnH

30JU. ~ T L 6I e r o m

MYelOT IIBOTHOCT6

ae Gonee

I400 nr/y3.

npm

Tsepaemn d e ~ o a aB B O ~ A Y ~ H cpeae,O ~ ~

e r o o6aeu yuamrnaercfl.

TO 'CBORCTBO 681088 HBBUBaeTCR

Y C ~ ~ K O0~6.n s ~ oYCaAKa

6erosa

npO-

HCXOAHT rram60nee HHTeECLlBEO 3 H B P ~ Z ~ BnePLlO;qI I ~ ~

TBePneHRR.

qeyl

60-

nsme nememe a s o m

s a

esaaHay

odaella 6erona. TeM Gonsre

ycasxa.

R OTXpMTLJX IIOB%PXBOCTB#KB C T ~ ~ I ES C~TSPPO ~, ~ C T B Bu ~ @ O P Y ~ I Q ~ O H E H X

OB LUIE CIIBIIYIaJfbEbIM apUPOB8H#8Mr
llo~asarrexsnpowocrn 6 e ~ o s anpn	C ~ T H L mI[neTcn B ~ B C H ~ L ~ I D ~ P
paXTeplI~l!~iC~~beroea. nppl XClHTaHEll	Ha CSaPEe 06piXiIlO~6 8 ~ 0 8 a

ma e K ~ ~ O Bxx, pe3pgmerrae npomcxo~ rnoa y r n o ~45'. Uocne paa- a e ~ t l n~ y npao6perae~aopuy yceueawtx m p a w , COMXE~THX n a m- m- HOBaElJiMX. TO IIpOklCXOAXT UOTOug, qTO CBl M TPeakIH M e w IIOB8pX-

B peaxbmx		~ C O H C T P ~ E ~ Y I RoznrrI :	paauep qaue Bcero n p e o d a a ~ e e ~
~ p y r n m(nponer aaz mpvrsoti m m c o ~ o t ta a r a b a e w anemearoa,
cm a	Ha,q ceneeneu c x a ~ ) noaromy, npoqaocrs axaroro 6eroaa
p e a e m e ~ c xnpura~emtroanponrrocrm Rg				.oms cocTasnrelr nprauepso
75 R	~ y 6 1 ~ 0 ~I0I ~fOl~ I H O C T B .AXR		onpeaeaemx npoQaocmmx xapax-
PLICTPIEderorra		(mace deroea B) n c m r ~ ~ s a r r r ocramapgsle x y 6 ~
aarepom pe6pa		I S cn. CEEU 2.03.01-84		aI;e~oaarmea seaaaoberorrme
crpykumn npezycvarpmsaer macm no npo~rroc~bssa czarre: a n
npvr npoemMpoBaama xeneso6ero~amzx~o~cnpyxqmII,novlrvo n p o w ~
TOlia.	I ~ c c J I ~ ~ o~B~~@BpxU~~ l ' ~ %CBOBCTBa E s 68~08 8B e r n IIYT9M
oarlraanfi n p a a ~ .Haarpysm na npraany npasnamaamcs a r a n a u .						Ha
wou srane aauepnmcx o r a o c a r e n ~ ~ xrrpoaonsme ge@pnausa						( € 8 ).
uepn ae@opuarwflnpoBozse cpaag xe nocne Harpyxerian s cugcrR ee-.
mopoe sperfl Bwepxwul obpaana no2 narpyaxoil					npm n o c ~ o ~ r r ~Eanpnov-
G6 .deQopsrama, asueparrme B Mouent					npano~leax~a r p y 3 m .

aceI.I3m~enru nan ma-

rpy3wk

Y o E I ~ ~ I L B O ~ .

i

(

I

1

npm nocrorrrr~of4aarpgsrre aaabceaezcs nonapec!rbm

C gsemursealaeur K O I U I ~ B ~ B S3481x0~riarpyxeaas YUIBnpla RenpepB-

sou sarpyxesm, aaavcmocrs	G-&8 npeapaqaercn a lualeym
an aocar aalrmaowfi xapaaep.	ozeaxco ~eipopuaql.nonsywcra uoryr
B 3-4 paaa npeahimara ynpyrse	ze@opyeuER. Tamcmru obpaaov, deroa	no

c~olauzeqopvaelasaaru c ~ o f c r s a vm n e ~ c ynpyronnac!ewecxm uarepn-

cooTsercrspme ynpyrav ~e(popuaqulrolnpa larrro~e~aouaarpgmasa u pasm rameecy aamorra ~ppsg~ogG'.- E 8 B aeyane xoopnaaal,

M O ~ ynpyroclrvrS ~ ~ ~ T O HasaacalrB cn ero mecca.

Eaaeaue~seH BW apmrypu. M e x a ~ ~ e c xc e~ o i t c ~ aap a r y p m x crane%. Knacoa@xcanras apuaryp. llpmeae~nea p m r y p B ~ o a c ~ p g m ~ x . Apuarypme csaparre 9r nposanoqahle laazeama. Coe~aaeaanaplrarypmr.

A H K ~ ~ O B apuaryptiE ~ B beroae. 3arqlrr~~%cnof4 B lreneaode~o~wrxsoa-

c r p y m m .

Ocaoaaoe saaEiaseakle apbiarypn samrlaerc s B ~ o c n p ~ m paclrxamsamqm yc%na%B pac~m-po%sose rn ~ C L ~ ~ Hczarof4B A aoahl xeneso6e~osshlxsnebieii~o~Heodxo~abioe.ee mmuec'PBo o n p e ~ e x ~ pace~-c ~ ueror. Mecro ee narroxeaas B cewism ~ n e u e m a~ O J I ~cTporoO @ERCE- posarscs. Taxas apbiaTypa aasfmaerrcs paboqeil. (Prmc.2.1). Apuarypa, ycraaamBaeras no RoacTpymmsHnru la31pl rexHmormecm coobpate-

HEfqY, Ba3PBaeTCli

ropmexaraaaacl. apYaTypean

c r a n s . u o ~ p a 3 n e ~ s e r csa pqq maccoB.

C ~ a n brxanxacl. Knacca

8-1

(Pac.Z.Za),

nepmoAmsecxoro

n p o w a s wraccoB

A-D: ( P ~ c . 2 . 2 6 , ~ ) , A-Ill

+ A-YI,

re.puaLIPecm ynponaerrsas - nepaonaye-

cxoro npo@ns iaaccoB AT-Ill

c

%-YI.

nepnornsecmarg npo@nb ycrpamaeTcs Ans w m e r o

cqemetias apra-

TypH

C

b e T 0 ~ 0 ~ .

I

Crepma

nepieonmnecxoro n p o m n ~p a a m s a a r c s no

Eouepan.

Homep

c r e p m s coorseTcrsyeT

pacPeTaouy rnaueTpy pamosenaxoro no naoaaiqmr

KpJ??IIOrOCTepmR.

Uposonon~asapvaTypaaR

craJrb p a s ~ s n ~ e Ha:rc ~

a )

apMaTgpEipl XOAO&BOTRHYTgfD IIPOBOHOKJ:

O ~ H X I I O B ~ H H-~ RIIeplO-

AnnecKoro npo@ns m a c c a Bp-I;

:sacoxonpoPrraR - raanxaff m a c c a BIi ,

nepmonmyecxoro npoQlns xnacca Bp-D:

(hc,2,2,2 )

;

6)

apmarypme xasaTu - cnrhpanbme celsLI.npoBononme m a c c a

E-7

( P ~ c . 2 . 2 ~ ) ,aesmsamarxnpoBononme Knacca X-19.

M e x a ~ ~ ~ e cxapamepncTmme apararypranx craneP

o n p e n e n m c s

nyTer acmrraaucl. 06pa311[0~Ha

P ~ C T R X ~ H P IX'op~~sexa~a~aacl.apuaTypsaR.

CTanb C

n n o ~ a ~ x o fTf0 K p O C T i l

Ha

~16al'paMMe %'E5 O ~ X ~ A B8HaPkl~ T -

Tenmula

yamiieanem nocne

pa3pnrsa.

T a ~ a i icTaab a a a b l ~ a e ~ c s~r a r ~ o P

(Pnc.2.3a).

Oaa nmeer

@n3wec~lafinpezen r e m e c r n .

n n ~apmaTypbi 683 @ ~ 3 n q e c x o rnpenenao reKysscra

(Prac.2.36)

oopegenqeTcR y c n o ~ m t inpegen

TexysecTra Go.2

, T. e. AanpmeBne,

-

iIpa

KOTGpOld

OCTaTOgBaR OTHOCMTenhHaH A ~ ~ Q O P M ~ G HCOCTBBJLRBT 0,2%.

-

	2.1 P~mrnorcuw p u m y p u		~ ~ C U W -
	tax ICLIUO~NQINUX	ODYO~YIIIYL, .
	I- nanra: 9- paawran ipmmmm cam nrnrr;			-
'	J- uoni.mnas a r w w r m cwuturn: C no.
	lupc-nan mpuarypm .oiwnu ( x w y d ) ; 8- npo
	w n m a pdoran apuarypa -mu;		& .om.
	t m r a n . e * M u m a c u 6"" 7-		arur

d

9 ~2.3. naarparw.			6. - a. n p n	pacnrcnrrn
P % U X	O M O I	manu	a - 11r101	(C - m U g ~
R*Y . POU) .	6-	r@epro)i Ir ycr0.m.r		npemou re
		ry*crr*l

Bamol		xapa~repacrlr~offap~a!rgpaoi c r a m		aslrserca		ee	speldeasoe
soopornnneelre Gu , r .e. sanparesan, coossercTByiawe						aaa~onhmea
s a r p y a ~ e ,npeamecrsye~meftpaapyueann 06paana.
Cram w a e r ~ n c o u i 4npezen			ynpyroclrla. 3a npenen		ynpyrocrn
60.02	YClOBBO lIPYlHlIYBeTCR 88lIpWeBLI~.IIJI			KOTOPOM	OCTBTOPEMB
OTHOCETeJIbHb!e ~0@0pblaWECOCTaBJIHloT 0902%.
Ko3@@a~ae~rnponomorraaliaoclrr ~ e m yn a n p m e a a m						a neQopuasu-
RMU Ha 3TOM ygaCTK0 ABaPPaXMtJ			'ES Ha3HBaBTCR MOlIJ'HBY				YllPYI'OCTkf
c r a m	ES	.B ~ a s a c a u o c rOT~	macca c r a m	OH aueer	a s a p e s s l ~
(I,8....2 , I )		105 ma.

He!dneasme KoHrpompyeue aaaqeama: A ~ Rc ~ e p m e ~ oapualypu9 - ripenens relrgpecrr G8( ~ a ~ q e c ~ mrmo oycnoaaoro) , Ann n ~ o s o n o r s o ~

apMaTypbl - BpelaeEBOI'O COnpOTklBn0Eslff Gum						Rs yYeasmaesca
Pacgeraoe conpomenewe apvasypsl pacTroeauo
Ha 10-255 no	cpaaaeam c	a o p u a r ~ s mAJIR		c r e p m e ~ o in			s a 5575%
npo~onos~ofl.
P a c s e ~ a o econpormsneaae			a p ~ a r y p bcrarnm~ pasaaerca				pacrIeraolag
COnpOTklBlIeEkID PaCTflZeHBD, a 0 He 6onee 400 m a .
Ans apunposaiiaa raeneaoberoaaux anevearoB npmeaslor apMarypaare
R3ABJIMR B BXAe BR38WIIl		CBaFHHX CeTOK,		BnYI K ~ P K B C O B ( ~ C . ~ . ~2, .5).
:sapme	c e r m a a r o ~ a s m s a m c sc mnonbaosasaela T O P ~ P B OcBapKu,~
n3 apuarypu KnaccoB 8-1 - A-ill			mauerpou 6.10		MM	nposonom Mac-
COB %I, Bp-I	anaMeTpoM 3...5		MM. C~apwrcc e r m		a a ~ o n c ~ o n3r0~0o-
sneHwR sl;nycxaDTcs p y n o a a w			n nnocmm.	Upnaa	FynoHa AO 3800 ura,
Macca no I300 m. Csapme nnocme c e r u meror A					~	E Y20 I2000 MM.