Value (n)

1) а) ценность; справедливое возмещение, справедливая оценка Syn: merit б) достоинства, ценности to cherish ~s, to foster ~s – культивировать, пропагандировать какие-л. ценности общества cultural ~s – культурные ценности moral ~s – моральные ценности sense of ~s – моральные критерии в) важность, ценность, полезность. Syn: worth, utility, importance

2) а) стоимость, цена; рыночная цена; at a certain~ – по определенной цене; set a ~ on – назначить цену б) стоимость surplus ~ – прибавочная стоимость; exchange ~ – меновая стоимость

Value (V)

1) оценивать, производить оценку, устанавливать цену (в денежном эквиваленте); to ~ a painting at five thousand pounds – оценить картину в пять тысяч фунтов 2) дорожить, ценить, быть высокого мнения, отдавать должное to ~ highly, to ~ very much – высоко ценить кого-л./что-л. to ~ smb. as a friend – считать кого-л. другом

Vocabulary Exercises Ex. 1. Which words can you derive from the following?

compare decide develop manage society

academy industry insure investigate supervise

Ex. 2. What is the English for:

1. государственный, общественный

2. анализировать, исследовать

3. развитие

4. решать(ся), принимать решение

5. индустрия, промышленность

6. общество, общественность

7. стоимость, цена

8. сравнительный, сопоставительный

Ex.3. Translate the following words and word combinations:

A public organizations private organizations insurance companies business and public administration scholars difference between

В academic participation comparative administration developing nations analysis industrialized world to explain development situations

B. Pre-reading Exercises

Ex. 1. Guess the meaning of the following words and word combinations:

to be dependent on government allocations, to gain productivity, staffing and training, fiscal planning, social justice, routine operations, welfare, to borrow from (sociology, psychology, etc.), renaissance of interest.

C. Reading

Ex.1. Read the text for general information to complete the following statements:

1. The text deals with the problem of … .

2. The text views business administration and public administration … .

3. The text tells us about a theory and a method of investigation … (such as … which appeared …).

Business management and public administration

In the studies of the 1880s and later scholars collected an impressive body of data how best to carry out and manage routine operations to gain productivity in industry. Principles of scientific business management were worked out and people were trained to follow them.

Later successful business was seen as the model for the proper management of government, and the field of public administration was seen as a field of business, because management of all organizations in both the fields involves planning the activities and establishing goals; organizing work activities; staffing and training; directing or decision-making; coordinating to assure that the various work activities come together; reporting the status of work and problems to both supervisors and subordinates; and budgeting to assure that work activities correspond to fiscal planning, accounting, and control.

Some scholars argued that administration is a more general term and a more generic process than management. Administration takes place at factories, schools, hospitals, prisons, insurance companies, or welfare agencies, whether these organizations were private or public. Accordingly they started speaking about business and public administration.

There is an obvious difference between administration of business, or private organization, and administration of public organizations. Public organizations are more dependent on government allocations, more constrained by law, more exposed to political influences, and more difficult to evaluate than business organizations. These differences suggest caution in applying business management techniques to government agencies.