- •Міністерство освіти і науки України
- •Contents
- •The Future-In-The-Past Tense……………………………………………………………..45 the present indefinite (simple) tense
- •I. The formation of the Present Indefinite.
- •1. The Present Indefinite is formed from the infinitive without the particle to.
- •3. The contracted negative forms are:
- •4. To denote actions and states continuing at the moment of speaking (with stative and relational verbs).
- •11. To denote future actions in adverbial clauses of concession after conjunctions
- •12. To denote past actions in newspapers headlines.
- •3. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •Indications of time are not necessary.
- •VII. Verbs denoting effect or influence: astonish, impress, please, satisfy, surprise. Feel, look, smell and taste used in the continuous forms
- •2. Look
- •3. Smell
- •4.Taste
- •See and hear used in the continuous forms
- •Think, assume and expect used in the continuous forms
- •The past indefinite (simple) tense
- •I. The formation of the Past Indefinite.
- •Verbs ending in -e add -d only:
- •3. The contracted negative forms are:
- •If the period is over or reference is made to a particular past point of time within that
- •8. To express a future action viewed from the past. This use is found in reported speech and
- •4. The contracted negative forms are:
- •5. The negative- interrogative forms are:
- •II. The use of the Past Continuous.
- •1. It serves to express an action which is going on at a given moment in the past.
- •2. The Past Continuous is used to express an action going on at a given period of time in the past.
- •The future indefinite (simple) tense
- •I. The formation of the Future Indefinite Tense
- •1. The Future Indefinite is formed by means of the auxiliary verbs shall/will
- •II. The conracted negative forms are:
- •3. To denote future habitual actions which we assume will take place.
- •3. The contracted negative forms are:
- •4. The negative-interrogative forms are:
- •II. The use of the Future Continuous.
- •1. The Future Continuous is used to denote an action which will be going on at a definite moment in the future.
- •2. The Future Continuous is very often used in modern English in the same meaning as the Future Indefinite, I. E. To denote a future action.
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •The present perfect continuous tense
- •I. The formation of the Present Perfect Continuous Tense
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •Had he not worked?
- •Hadn’t you worked?
- •III. The use of the Past Perfect
- •The Squire was purple with anger before his son had done speaking.
- •In negative sentences:
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •1. The past moment from which the action expressed by the Past Perfect Continuous is viewed may be indicated:
- •The future perfect tense
- •I. The formation of thePerfect Continuous Tense
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •Will he not have worked?
- •Shan’t we have worked?
- •III. The use of the Future Perfect
- •The future perfect continuous tense
- •I. The formation of the Future Perfect Continuous Tense
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •Appendix
- •I. Some spelling rules
- •I. Doubling the final consonant.
- •II. Mute Final e.
- •III. Final -y and Its Modifications.
The future perfect tense
I. The formation of thePerfect Continuous Tense
The Future Perfect is formed by means of the Future Indefinite of the auxiliary verb to have and Participle II of the notional verb.
In the interrogative form the auxiliary verb is placed before the subject.
In the negative form the negative particle not is placed after the first auxiliary verb.
Affirmative |
Interrogative |
Negative |
I shall have worked |
Shall I have worked? |
I shall not have worked |
You will have worked |
Will you have worked? |
You will not have worked |
He/she/it will have worked |
Will he/she/it have worked? |
He/she/it will have worked |
We shall have worked |
Shall we have worked? |
We shall not have worked |
They will have worked |
Will they have worked? |
They will not have worked |
II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
I’ll have worked
We’ll have worked
The contracted negative forms are:
I shan’t have worked
He won’t have worked
The negative-interrogative forms are:
Will he not have worked?
Won’t he have worked?
Shall we not have worked?
Shan’t we have worked?
III. The use of the Future Perfect
The Future Perfect denotes an action completed before a definite moment in the future d viewed back from that future moment.
By six o’clock I shall have finished my translation.
(That means that the action of finishing will take place before six o’clock.)
I shall be back by six, and I hope you will have had a good sleep by that time.
Like the Past Perfect, the Future Perfect may be purely temporal and may show that the action already accomplished at the given future moment is connected in its results or consequences with that future moment.
Tomorrow at three o’clock he will have received my letter.
(He will have the letter).
When you have finished this book, you will have learnt many new words and
expressions.
(You will know those words and expressions).
◆ The future moment from which the completed action is viewed may be indicated:
by means of an adverbial expression: by that time, by the first of June, by seven o’clock, etc.:
By the end of the term we shall have learnt many new words and expressions.
By this time tomorrow they will have crossed the Channel.
By means of another action:
If you come at seven, I shall have done my work.
If you ring me up after seven o’clock, I shall have spoken to the secretary.
The Future Perfect can denote an action which will begin before a definite moment in the future, will continue up to that moment and will be going on at that moment. This meaning is shown by the context.
By the first of July we shall have been at the seaside for a fortnight.
We shall have known each other for five years by the end of this year.
Future perfect is used with verbs not admitting of the Continuous form, in negative sentences, with non-terminative verbs such as to work, to live, to study, to teach etc.
I shall have been a teacher for 20 years by next May.
I shall have worked as a teacher for 20 years by next May.