- •Міністерство освіти і науки України
- •Contents
- •The Future-In-The-Past Tense……………………………………………………………..45 the present indefinite (simple) tense
- •I. The formation of the Present Indefinite.
- •1. The Present Indefinite is formed from the infinitive without the particle to.
- •3. The contracted negative forms are:
- •4. To denote actions and states continuing at the moment of speaking (with stative and relational verbs).
- •11. To denote future actions in adverbial clauses of concession after conjunctions
- •12. To denote past actions in newspapers headlines.
- •3. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •Indications of time are not necessary.
- •VII. Verbs denoting effect or influence: astonish, impress, please, satisfy, surprise. Feel, look, smell and taste used in the continuous forms
- •2. Look
- •3. Smell
- •4.Taste
- •See and hear used in the continuous forms
- •Think, assume and expect used in the continuous forms
- •The past indefinite (simple) tense
- •I. The formation of the Past Indefinite.
- •Verbs ending in -e add -d only:
- •3. The contracted negative forms are:
- •If the period is over or reference is made to a particular past point of time within that
- •8. To express a future action viewed from the past. This use is found in reported speech and
- •4. The contracted negative forms are:
- •5. The negative- interrogative forms are:
- •II. The use of the Past Continuous.
- •1. It serves to express an action which is going on at a given moment in the past.
- •2. The Past Continuous is used to express an action going on at a given period of time in the past.
- •The future indefinite (simple) tense
- •I. The formation of the Future Indefinite Tense
- •1. The Future Indefinite is formed by means of the auxiliary verbs shall/will
- •II. The conracted negative forms are:
- •3. To denote future habitual actions which we assume will take place.
- •3. The contracted negative forms are:
- •4. The negative-interrogative forms are:
- •II. The use of the Future Continuous.
- •1. The Future Continuous is used to denote an action which will be going on at a definite moment in the future.
- •2. The Future Continuous is very often used in modern English in the same meaning as the Future Indefinite, I. E. To denote a future action.
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •The present perfect continuous tense
- •I. The formation of the Present Perfect Continuous Tense
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •Had he not worked?
- •Hadn’t you worked?
- •III. The use of the Past Perfect
- •The Squire was purple with anger before his son had done speaking.
- •In negative sentences:
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •1. The past moment from which the action expressed by the Past Perfect Continuous is viewed may be indicated:
- •The future perfect tense
- •I. The formation of thePerfect Continuous Tense
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •Will he not have worked?
- •Shan’t we have worked?
- •III. The use of the Future Perfect
- •The future perfect continuous tense
- •I. The formation of the Future Perfect Continuous Tense
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •Appendix
- •I. Some spelling rules
- •I. Doubling the final consonant.
- •II. Mute Final e.
- •III. Final -y and Its Modifications.
8. To express a future action viewed from the past. This use is found in reported speech and
is structurally dependent. It occurs in clauses of time, condition and concession;the
Future-in-the-Past or modal verbs are usually used in the principal clause in this case.
He knew that she was determined to marry him, and would, if she thought
it useful, lie and cheat and steal until she brought it off.
9. The Past Indefinite may have a special form which is used for emphasis. This
emphatic form is built analytically,by means of the Past Indefinite of the auxiliary
verb to do followed by the infinitive of the notional verb without the particle to.The
auxiliary is heavily stressed in this case.
I did insist on it.
He did participated in this conference.
THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
I. The formation of the Past Continuous Tense
1. The Past Continuous is formed by means of the Past Indefinite of the auxiliary verb to be and Participle I of the notional verb.
2. In the interrogative from the auxiliary verb is placed before the subject.
3. In the negative form the negative particle not is placed after the auxiliary verb.
Affirmative Interrogative Negative
I was reading Was I reading? I was not reading
He was reading Was he reading? He was not reading
She was reading Was she reading? She was not reading
We were reading Were we reading? We were not reading
You were reading Were you reading? You were not reading
They were reading Were they reading? They were not reading
4. The contracted negative forms are:
She wasn’t reading
We weren’t reading
5. The negative- interrogative forms are:
Was I not reading?
Wasn’t I reading?
Was she not reading?
Wasn’t she reading?
Were you not reading?
Weren’t you reading?
II. The use of the Past Continuous.
The Past Continuous is characterized by the same features as the Present Continuous but unlike the Present Continuous it is associated with a certain moment in the past.
1. It serves to express an action which is going on at a given moment in the past.
At 10 it was still raining.
When I called him up ,he was still having breakfast.
The fire began at midnight when everybody was sleeping.
A given past moment is indicated in these sentences by stating the precise time or with the help of another action which is normally a point action expressed in the Past Indefinite.
Sometimes no indication of a given past moment is necessary. That means that the action begins before that definite past moment, is in progress at that moment and will continue for some time after it. The most typical feature of this use of the Past Continuous is that the precise time limits of the action are not known, its beginning and its end are not specified.
Though there was no apparent sense in his words, they all knew that he was referring to June. She looked unbelievingly at him. Surely he was joking.