- •Практикум
- •1. Complete the sentences.
- •2. The text contains information about the difference between flu and common cold. Fill in the table using the information from the text. If any information is not available from the text, put “—“.
- •3. Using the information you have collected in the table, compare flu and common cold. Use both… and, unlike, as…as, not so (as)… as.
- •5. Make your dialogues between
- •6. Give your advice to people on preventing flu. Use the information in the texts. Try to avoid specific medical terms.
- •1. The article describes the cases of 4 loud music fans. Decide if the following statements are true (t) or false (f). Correct the false ones.
- •2. Extract information from the article and fill in the table. If any information is not available from the article, put “—“.
- •3. You are the patient. Think of 5-7 questions you might ask your doctor about the condition. Be especially interested in the risk factors, prognosis and possible complications.
- •4. Now you are the doctor. Read the passage and explain
- •6. Now read a passage about asthma relievers (препараты для облегчения симптомов). What is the difference between preventers and relievers?
- •1. Does the article say that…
- •2. Ask your questions.
- •3. Use the article to write about the bp gene research. Write about:
- •4. Read the passage and answer the questions: How is hypertension formally diagnosed in the uk? Why is “ambulatory” bp monitoring advised?
- •4. Explain to your patient the necessity of knowing their blood pressure. Tell them how high blood pressure can cause developing other diseases. Try to avoid a lot of specific medical terms.
- •2. Complete the sentences.
- •1. Answer the questions about myocardial infarction.
- •1. Answer the questions.
- •6. Read the passage and answer the questions: Is viral gastroenteritis a serious illness? Who is at risk? Why?
- •1. Decide if the statement are true (t) or false (f). Correct the false ones.
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Your patient has regular symptoms of heartburn. Ask him / her questions to find possible causes of the condition.
- •1. Choose the statements that are false. Correct them.
- •2. The text presents the symptoms of hepatitis c. Match the symptoms with their meanings.
- •3. Complete the sentences:
- •4. Read the passage about the causes of hepatitis c and fill in the gaps with the verbs in the box.
- •5. Use the text in Task 4 to ask questions your patient might ask about the causes of hepatitis c and ways of transmitting the virus.
- •6. Talk to your patient about ways of preventing hepatitis c and its complications. Try to avoid specific medical terms.
- •1. Extract the necessary information from the article and fill in the table. If any information is not available, put “—“.
- •2. Answer the questions about the research project described in the article.
- •3. Summarize the information about the new vaccine project and present it to the class.
- •4. One of the big problems in treating bacterial infections is drug resistance. Read the passage about this phenomenon and fill in the gaps with the words in the box.
- •5. Using the information in the passage, ask 5-7 questions that a patient might ask about tb treatment.
- •6. Make a dialogue between a doctor and a patient in which the doctor will answer the patient’s questions about the details of tb treatment.
- •1. The article describes an experiment in which a group of patients were offered a diet to return insulin production to normal. Does the article suggest that…
- •2. A) Summarize the information about the experiment in the table below.
- •3. What do different researchers think about the experiment? Fill in the table. If any information is not available from the article, put “—“.
- •4. The article deals with Type 2 diabetes. Now read the passage about Type 1 diabetes and gestational diabetes and say 1) what the three types have in common, 2) what makes them different.
- •5. Fill in the gaps with the words in the box. Then, answer the questions: What methods of giving insulin to patients are there? Which method is the least efficient? Which method doesn’t work?
- •5. Make up dialogues. You suspect diabetes in your patient. Before doing a blood test ask him/her questions to find out the symptoms and details of the lifestyle:
2. The text presents the symptoms of hepatitis c. Match the symptoms with their meanings.
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1) Fatigue 2) Weight loss 3) Loss of appetite 4) Joint pains 5) Nausea 6) A flu-like symptom 7) Anxiety 8) Difficulty concentrating 9) Alcohol intolerance 10) Pain in the liver area |
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3. Complete the sentences:
The article suggests that
hepatitis C cannot be easily diagnosed because ………….
a lot of people do not even suspect they have hepatitis C because ……
people with hepatitis C often have considerably damaged liver because …………
hepatitis C cannot be confused with hepatitis A and B because …………
4. Read the passage about the causes of hepatitis c and fill in the gaps with the verbs in the box.
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lead to transmitted catch injecting screened passed on |
Intravenous drug users often get the hepatitis C virus when they share needles (1) recreational drugs. Having a tattoo or body piercing with equipment that has not been properly sterilised can (2) infection. In the past, blood transfusions were a common route of infection. Now all blood is (3) for the virus and is only used if it is not present. Hepatitis C can be sexually (4), so a person who has sex with an infected partner or has multiple sex partners is at risk. It can be (5) through sharing toothbrushes and razors, but not by everyday contact such as kissing, hugging, and holding hands - you can't (6) hepatitis C from toilet seats either.
5. Use the text in Task 4 to ask questions your patient might ask about the causes of hepatitis c and ways of transmitting the virus.
6. Talk to your patient about ways of preventing hepatitis c and its complications. Try to avoid specific medical terms.
UNIT 11. TUBERCULOSIS. VACCINATION.
Read the article and do the tasks below.
While reading, find the words and expressions that mean the following:
1) доступ к; 2) кашлять с кровью или мокротой; 3) появляться, выходить из (какого-л. состояния); 4) прорыв (напр., в науке); 5) главный недостаток; 6) источник болезни; 7) передавать (инфекцию) / передача (инфекции).
New protection against tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (or TB) is a huge global problem, especially in developing countries, where access to antibiotics to treat the disease is limited.
TB is usually a disease of the lungs (although it can attack any part of the body). Pulmonary TB causes a bad cough, chest pains and weight loss. Some patients cough up blood or sputum. Untreated, it can be deadly. However, only in a small number of cases - fewer than 5% - do the symptoms develop immediately after infection. In more than 90% of cases, when Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium which causes the disease, has invaded the body it changes its chemical signature, and lives in a latent state.
Usually the bacterium never emerges from this latent state, but in around 10% of cases it reactivates - often years or even decades later - to trigger severe symptoms.
Current vaccines, such as the BCG vaccine, do not prevent infection, but do prevent acute symptoms and disease from emerging.
Developed at the Statens Serum Institute in Copenhagen, the new vaccine combines proteins that trigger an immune response to both the active and latent forms of Mycobacterium.
Professor Peter Davies said: "A vaccine which can both protect against initial infection and protect from its turning into disease is a major breakthrough.
"One of the main disadvantages of BCG was that it could only prevent infection going on to disease in the initially uninfected individual. It was therefore of no use in protecting infected adults who would become an infectious source of disease. Protecting children, though it is important, does not protect against transmission, as children with active disease do not usually transmit disease.
"With over 9 million new TB cases globally each year and increasing levels of drug resistance, new diagnostics, drugs and especially effective vaccines are really needed."