- •Практикум
- •1. Complete the sentences.
- •2. The text contains information about the difference between flu and common cold. Fill in the table using the information from the text. If any information is not available from the text, put “—“.
- •3. Using the information you have collected in the table, compare flu and common cold. Use both… and, unlike, as…as, not so (as)… as.
- •5. Make your dialogues between
- •6. Give your advice to people on preventing flu. Use the information in the texts. Try to avoid specific medical terms.
- •1. The article describes the cases of 4 loud music fans. Decide if the following statements are true (t) or false (f). Correct the false ones.
- •2. Extract information from the article and fill in the table. If any information is not available from the article, put “—“.
- •3. You are the patient. Think of 5-7 questions you might ask your doctor about the condition. Be especially interested in the risk factors, prognosis and possible complications.
- •4. Now you are the doctor. Read the passage and explain
- •6. Now read a passage about asthma relievers (препараты для облегчения симптомов). What is the difference between preventers and relievers?
- •1. Does the article say that…
- •2. Ask your questions.
- •3. Use the article to write about the bp gene research. Write about:
- •4. Read the passage and answer the questions: How is hypertension formally diagnosed in the uk? Why is “ambulatory” bp monitoring advised?
- •4. Explain to your patient the necessity of knowing their blood pressure. Tell them how high blood pressure can cause developing other diseases. Try to avoid a lot of specific medical terms.
- •2. Complete the sentences.
- •1. Answer the questions about myocardial infarction.
- •1. Answer the questions.
- •6. Read the passage and answer the questions: Is viral gastroenteritis a serious illness? Who is at risk? Why?
- •1. Decide if the statement are true (t) or false (f). Correct the false ones.
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Your patient has regular symptoms of heartburn. Ask him / her questions to find possible causes of the condition.
- •1. Choose the statements that are false. Correct them.
- •2. The text presents the symptoms of hepatitis c. Match the symptoms with their meanings.
- •3. Complete the sentences:
- •4. Read the passage about the causes of hepatitis c and fill in the gaps with the verbs in the box.
- •5. Use the text in Task 4 to ask questions your patient might ask about the causes of hepatitis c and ways of transmitting the virus.
- •6. Talk to your patient about ways of preventing hepatitis c and its complications. Try to avoid specific medical terms.
- •1. Extract the necessary information from the article and fill in the table. If any information is not available, put “—“.
- •2. Answer the questions about the research project described in the article.
- •3. Summarize the information about the new vaccine project and present it to the class.
- •4. One of the big problems in treating bacterial infections is drug resistance. Read the passage about this phenomenon and fill in the gaps with the words in the box.
- •5. Using the information in the passage, ask 5-7 questions that a patient might ask about tb treatment.
- •6. Make a dialogue between a doctor and a patient in which the doctor will answer the patient’s questions about the details of tb treatment.
- •1. The article describes an experiment in which a group of patients were offered a diet to return insulin production to normal. Does the article suggest that…
- •2. A) Summarize the information about the experiment in the table below.
- •3. What do different researchers think about the experiment? Fill in the table. If any information is not available from the article, put “—“.
- •4. The article deals with Type 2 diabetes. Now read the passage about Type 1 diabetes and gestational diabetes and say 1) what the three types have in common, 2) what makes them different.
- •5. Fill in the gaps with the words in the box. Then, answer the questions: What methods of giving insulin to patients are there? Which method is the least efficient? Which method doesn’t work?
- •5. Make up dialogues. You suspect diabetes in your patient. Before doing a blood test ask him/her questions to find out the symptoms and details of the lifestyle:
2. Complete the sentences.
1) Being overweight can be a problem because ………
2) Having sticky blood can be a problem because …………
3) Having a family history of heart disease can be a problem because ………
4) Having cold hands and feet can be a big problem because ………
3. Ask questions you might ask your doctor about coronary heart disease.
4. Fill in the gaps to complete the summary of the article.
1. The article is about ………….
2. Its risk factors are ………….
3. Smoking ………….
4. High blood pressure ………….
5. Explain to your patient how to reduce the risk of developing coronary heart disease. Do not forget to mention the factors that cannot be changed, but must be taken into consideration (приняты во внимание).
1) Write a short summary of the article.
2) Explain to your patient that it is more efficient to eat fish rich in omega-3 fatty acids than their supplements.
The recent research analysis has shown that to prevent heart disease is necessary to eat oily fish such as salmon and tuna, which are all rich in omega-3 fatty acids, not their supplements.
There were 14 published medical studies selected. The researchers looked at more than 20,000 patients who had a history of cardiovascular disease. The patients' average age was 63. Nearly 80% were men. The daily dose of omega-3 fatty acid supplement ranged from about 0.5g to nearly 5g a day.
It was essential to find out if the supplements made a difference in sudden cardiac death, heart attack, heart failure, death from any cause, stroke or transient ischemic attacks (also called ‘mini-strokes’). The conclusion was that the risk of any of those problems was not reduced by the supplements.
However, there were all the reasons to believe that it was effective to eat fish rich in omega-3 fatty acids, not supplements. It was demonstrated that eating fatty fish 2 or more times a week is linked with a lower risk of death from cardiovascular disease. For those who don't like fish, eating plant-derived omega-3 fatty acids from flaxseed (семя льна), walnut (грецкий орех), soybean is suggested.
UNIT 6. MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.
Read the article and do the tasks below.
While reading, find the words and expressions that mean the following:
1) данные, информация; 2) предполагаемый сердечный приступ; 3) необъяснимая тревожность; 4) более точный анализ; 5) тошнота; 6) рвота; 7) потоотделение.
Heart attack test 'detects more'
Scientists developed a test that could measure damage to heart muscles at a level 4 times deeper than the standard blood test. The blood test measures a protein - troponin - which is released when heart cells are damaged during a heart attack (or myocardial infarction or MI). MI usually happens when the blood supply to a part of the heart muscle is completely interrupted or stops, usually when a blood clot forms in a diseased coronary artery that's already become narrowed by atherosclerosis.
Data from more than 2,000 patients admitted to cardiac units with chest pains and suspected heart attacks was analyzed. Apart from chest pain, most of the patients had difficulty breathing, sweating, nausea or vomiting, felt unexplained anxiety and weakness. However, there were patients with minor heart attacks who hardly had any symptoms of MI and did not have any chest pains.
Researchers said the more sensitive test could help identify heart attacks which could be traditionally undiagnosed and patients were more likely to see a specialist.
Prof. Peter Weissberg commented: "This promising study shows us that by using a more sensitive test for heart muscle damage, more patients who come to hospital with chest pains are identified as having suffered a small heart attack. Over recent years it has become clear that people who suffer heart pain (but only have a small amount of heart damage) are at a very high risk of going on to have a larger, potentially fatal, heart attack if left untreated. The new test will help doctors identify this vulnerable group of patients."