24. Translation of newspaper article. Rendering peculiarities of the newspaper style

This style possesses many features in common yet texts belonging to this style present considerable variety and may be divided into two groups: texts containing information and texts commenting on it.

News in brief and information articles (newspaper style proper) are devoid of emotive and individual colouring, hence wide use of impersonal passive and Nominative with the infinitive constructions which are also impersonal in character. Clichés form an outstanding feature of this type of text. They arc characterized by a considerable compactness of form which is due to want of space. Condensation in its extreme form is especially apparent in headlines and that is the reason why headlines have their own structural peculiarities: omission of auxiliaries, a wide use of verbals, of attributive models, etc., all making for compactness.

Articles containing commentaries (publicist style proper) chief among them editorials, possess a distinct emotive colouring. Their vocabulary is literary and their syntax is rather complicated. Their objective is to influence public opinion, not to inform the reader but to convince him that the paper’s interpretation is correct and to bring him round to its point of view, to condition his views and opinions. This fact explains the use of various expressive means.

Commenting articles, as has been pointed out, bear a distinctive emotive colouring due to the expressive means in them, though these means are hardly ever original. The use of trite metaphors, for example, is more frequent in English newspapers than in Ukrainian papers. That is why trite metaphors are not infrequently substituted or even omitted in translation.

The metaphor used in the following example is toned down in the translated text.

The Industrial Relations Bill is an attempt to slit the throat of trade-unions.

Законопроект про відносини у промисловості — це спроба придушити профспілки. Although the metaphor “to slit the throat” has a corresponding equivalent in the Ukrainian phrase перерізати горлянку Ukrainian usage does not admit the combination перерізати горлянку профспілкам.

Different expressive devices (allusions among them) are used in newspaper articles to condition the reader’s views and opinions.

The phrase “the winter of discontent” from Richard III by Shakespeare is widely used in different political contexts and is often adapted to the situation, e.g.

Some Trade-Unions warn the Government that it will be a winter of discontent.

Another distinguishing feature of English newspaper style is the wide usage of attributive constructions: "world-without-bombs'' conference program; capital flow rates (темпи руху капіталу);

25. The interpreter/ translator.

Interpreters and translators convert information from one language to another. Interpreters work in spoken or sign language, translators in written language.

Interpreters and translators typically do the following:

 Convert concepts in the source language to equivalent concepts in the target language

 Compile information, such as technical terms used in legal settings, into glossaries and terminology databases to be used in translations

 Speak, read, and write fluently in at least two languages, including English and one or more others

 Relay the style and tone of the original language

 Manage work schedules to meet deadlines

 Render spoken messages accurately, quickly, and clearly Interpreters and translators aid communication by converting message or text from one language into another language. Although some people do both, interpreting and translating are different professions: interpreters work with spoken communication, and translators work with written communication.

Education and Training

Although interpreters and translators typically need at least a bachelor’s degree, the most important requirements are that they be fluent in two languages (English and at least one other language). Many complete job-specific training programs. It is not necessary for interpreters and translators to have been raised in two languages to succeed in these jobs, but many grew up communicating in the languages in which they work.