5.The system of the English verb. The category of mood. The number of moods in English Grammar.

Verb is a part of speech with grammatical meaning of process, action. Verb performs the central role of the predicative function of the sentence.

There are tree moods in English - the Indicative mood, the Imperative mood and the Subjunctive mood.

The Indicative mood represents an action as a fact, as something real. (America was discovered in 1492).

The Subjunctive Mood represents an action not as a real fact but as something that would take place under certain conditions, something desirable, necessary or unreal, unrealizable. There are 4 forms of the Subjunctive Mood in English: the Conditional Mood, the Suppositional Mood, Subjunctive1 and Subjunctive2.

The Conditional Mood has 2 tenses: the present and the past.

The Present Conditional is formed by means of the auxiliary verbs should and would and the Indefinite Infinitive of the main verb. The Present Conditional is used to express an action which would have taken place under certain conditions in the present and future.

The Past Conditional is formed by means of the auxiliary verbs should and would and the Perfect Infinitive of the main verb. The Past Conditional is used to express an action which would have taken place under certain conditions in the past.

Subjunctive2 has two tenses: the present and the past.

The Present Subjunctive2 coincides in form with the Past Indefinite Indicative. The only exception is the verb to be the Present Subjunctive2 of which has the form were both in the plural and in the singular.

The Past Subjunctive2 coincides in form with the Past Perfect Indicative.

Subjunctive2 represents an action as contrary to reality.

The Present subjunctive2 refers to the present and future.

The Past Subjunctive2 refers to the past.

Subjunctive1 coincides in form with the infinitive without the particle to. It has no tense distinctions- the same form may refer to the present, past and future.

Suppositional Mood is formed by means of the auxiliary verb should and the infinitive of the main verb without the particle to. The Suppositional Mood has two tenses: the present and the past.

Suppositional mood has two tenses: the present and the past.

The Present Suppositional is formed by means of the auxiliary verb should and the indefinite infinitive of the main verb.

The Past Suppositional is formed by means of the auxiliary verb should and the perfect infinitive of the main verb.

Both the Suppositional Mood and Subjunctive1 are used to represent an action not as real fact but as something necessary, important, ordered, suggested, etc, and not contrary to reality. But the Suppositional Mood is much more widely used than Subjunctive1 in British English where Subjunctive1 is used in literary lan-ge in general.

The Imperative mood expresses an order, a request, warning, invitation or a call to a joint action.

Let's have a break.

Note: The subject is sometimes used to make an order more emphatic.

You go to bad at once!

The Subjunctive mood represents an action not as a fact but as something imaginary or desired.

If I had money now, I would buy his Opel.