Text 2

Task 7. a) Read and translate the text.

A. TRADEMARK

It may be verbal or consist of a slogan and/or a logo for example. There are even color trademarks, three-dimensional trademarks, sound trademarks relating, for example, to the shape of a product or its packing. The main purpose of a trademark is to distinguish the goods or services of one company from those of other companies. In addition, the trademark also provides information to consumers about the quality of the goods and services with which it is associated. Any use in trade, without the consent of a trademark’s owner, of a sign identical or similar to that trademark for identical or similar products, is prohibited.

B. COPYRIGHT

It can cover anything from an artistic creation to an industrial item. Therefore the packaging of a product, or its shape, could be copyrighted provided that they are original. The purpose of copyright is purely to reward the creativity of the author of a work. Any reproduction or communication to the public, without the author’s consent of the elements which give the protected work its originality will constitute counterfeiting (or “piracy”).

C. DESIGN

It has to do with the appearance of the whole or a part of a product, resulting from features of the lines, contours, colours, shape, texture and/or materials of the product. As a general rule, designs are eligible for protection under design rights only if they are absolutely new.

D. PATENT

It protects the technical results of a product or process which is new, involves an intensive step and is capable of industrial application. The patent also gives its owner exclusive rights over the use of an invention in the course trade.

(WCO NEWS)

b) Make a glossary. Choose seven words to remember.

c) Complete the table with the words from the text.

1) copying or imitating an industrial, artistic or literary work to the detriment of its author or inventor	counterfeiting
2) protects the identity of the manufacturer or trader
3) infringement of intellectual property rights
4) protects an innovation
5) the use, reproduction or plagiarism of a work protected by copyright
6) protects the creator of an intellectual work

Vocabulary and Grammar

Task 8. Give the opposites to the following words:

• entry

• outgoing

• natural

• legal

• rights

• supply

• to prohibit

• to reveal

• to hide

Task 9. Use your intuition or work with a dictionary. Insert the right word.

dummy manipulation fraud forged

counterfeit deceit fabrication simulation

1. Immigration control noticed the __________ passport.

2. The watch was __________ though it looked like the original.

3. The evidence he gave in the court was complete __________.

4. __________ is keeping the truth hidden, especially to get an advantage.

5. They claim that the fall in unemployment is based on a __________ of statistics.

6. He was not deceived by her __________ of sorrow.

7. That department discovers and takes action against commercial __________.

8. We had no idea whether the gun in his hand was a __________ or real.

Task 10. Find the word that doesn’t fit the group and explain why.

1. criminal – violator – broker – smuggler – thief

2. regulations – conventions – provisions – undervaluation

3. genuine – false – fake – artificial – counterfeit

4. commodity – merchandise – effects – belongings – tools

5. complex – difficult – hard – valuable – intricate

6. when - after – before – as soon as – while

7. assess – charge – calculate – count - confirm

8. ingredients – members – substances – components - parts

Task 11. a) Find in the text nouns formed from the following verbs:

VERB	NOUN(S)
to store
to apply
to assist
to facilitate
to employ
to serve
to authorize

b) Make 5 sentences of your own with the words from the table.

Task 12. Choose the word or form that best completes the text.

Are you 1__________ music? One of the most common crimes among the young is illegal 2__________ of music. Lots of people are doing it, even though we know that really we are 3__________ the law, but as long as nobody is ever punished, there is little incentive to stop doing it. But the people in the music business are starting to fight back because it is the biggest threat to their industry.

Fifteen-year-old Melissa Clarke was one of the first to be taken to court for intellectual 4__________. She had transferred over twenty hours of music to her computer and had been adding to her collection for over four years when her luck finally 5 _________ . Her computer was taken away as 6__________ when the police came to arrest her. The fifteen-year-old girl was found 7__________ and given a fine of £4,500.

Her father will be paying the fine as he is legally responsible for his daughter. He was usually calm about the situation. While he agreed with the judge’s decision, he didn’t blame her. “All her friends 8__________ the internet these days and download music without paying. It’s the first time she has ever 9__________ a crime and we’re sure she’s learnt her lesson.”

A spokesman from the industry was happy with the court decision. “We are all 10__________ the changes that we see in the media business, but we have to make sure that artists receive fair payment. The only way we can guarantee the quality of music in the future is to make sure that people who want to listen to the music pay a fair price.”

It’s a message Melissa has learnt very well.

	A	B	C	D
1	on	in	into	for
2	downloading	clicking	surfing	uploading
3	failing	breaking	cutting	keeping
4	steal	thief	theft	stolen
5	ran up against	ran out	ran through	ran into
6	force	suspicions	arrest	evidence
7	guilty	innocent	suspect	witness
8	ride	travel	surf	click
9	committed	do	steal	take
10	over	into	for	about to

Task 13. Translate the words from Russian into English:

The Interior Ministry обвинило two senior executives at the Bank of Settlements and Savings (Bank Raschyotov i Sberezheny) of отмывании more than 1.6 billion rubles ($5.1 million).

The ministry said 20 raids on the филиалы of the Moscow-based bank and the residences of сотрудники had turned up доказательства that bank vice president Vasily Korchinsky and bank manager Ivan Reshetnikov laundered the money в обмен for commissions of 3.5 to 7 percent of the revenue, earning 56.5 million rubles ($1.8 million).

“Both подозреваемые are under house arrest,” the ministry said in a statement. Следователи found that the bank переводил clients’ money to the счета of fly-by-night companies through the use of поддельные payment orders submitted to the Central Bank and made cash withdrawals through its depositary.

(THE MOSCOW TIMES)

Task 14. Put the verb in brackets into the correct form. Use III type conditionals.

Model:

If you (to inform) us of the accident on time our firm (to suffer) big losses. –

If you had informed us about the accident on time our firm would not have suffered big losses.

1. If the representative of the firm (to make) an application for 2 p.m. we (to exam) his goods already.

2. If the traveler (to declare) restricted goods the fine (not to be imposed).

3. If you (to read) the instructions carefully you (not to damage) the cargo.

4. If you (not to travel) with a false passport you (not to be arrested).

5. If he (not to smuggle) precious metals and stones he (not to be taken) to court.

6. If I (to know) the customs regulations I (to fulfill) all the formalities.

7. He (to get) the information for you if you (to ask) him to.

8. If you (to fill in) the declaration you (to clear) by the customs.

9. If you (to work) hard you (to get) a promotion.

10. If he (not to know) the customs regulations he (to have) problems.

11. If she (to try) to smuggle her valuables out of the country she (to catch).

12. If the passenger (to exceed) tax free allowance, he (to pay) for the excess.

13. If the cargo (to damage) in the customs zone the Customs (to be responsible) for it.

Task 15. a) Read and translate the text, use a dictionary. Choose an idiom to complete the text.

a) beat about the bush

b) ear to the ground

c) wash one’s hands

d) catch somebody red-handed

e) lose one’s temper

f) blow off steam

Criminal detection as a science was unknown before the middle of the XIX century. Earlier ages depended upon two methods: 1) securing a confession by torture of a suspect; 2) catching a man in the act of committing a crime.

One of the most common felonies of the period was butchering another man’s sheep, pig or cow. Even possession of the fresh meat did not constitute proof of guilt in such cases. Only when a man was caught with the dead animal, with blood on his hands, could he be arrested with certainty of conviction.

So the expression ____________________________________ came to be applied to a person in any act of stealth, whether in violation of law or not.

b) Explain the meaning of all the other idioms in the list.

Task 16. a) Decipher the texts.

A. Role of Intelligence B. Environmental crime

Reliable intelligence information is the key stone of successful law enforcement. Environmental crime by its nature is trans-boundary and in many cases involves cross-border criminal syndicates. Globalization at the same time facilitates movement of environmentally harmful commodities unpunished. Organized crime gangs have become highly sophisticated in protecting their operations, thus requiring a great effort on the part of law enforcement to uncover the clandestine activities. A tiger skin or an ivory tusk passes through many hands from the poaching site to the final buyer. A tree sawed down illegally can travel around the world to end up as c luxury furniture. The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration Office of Intelligence was created to assist in the collection, analysis and distribution of drug intelligence on national and international levels. In many cases, endangered species and tropical timbers are shipped from less developed countries to the developed world, and hazardous waste vice versa. Selected foreign offices have intelligence units that supply narcotics intelligence information both domestically and internationally. Generally, the information that identifies individuals and gives the insight into organizations and their activities is the foundation upon which investigations are built.

b) Speak about:

- the role of intelligence information for law-enforcement activities;

- the way globalization may affect environment.

Task 17. Make a written translation of the text.

Money laundering.

Money laundering has a considerable impact on the social stability and economic development of a nation. It is not a stand-alone crime, but is intertwined with other crimes, such as the smuggling of drugs, arms, stolen vehicles and artworks, the trade in counterfeit goods, bribery, corruption, tax evasion, and so on. This criminal activity generates a significant amount of illegal proceeds that need to be laundered.

While money laundering is closely linked with transnational organized crimes, it also often involves Customs fraud operations, particularly the under- and over-valuation of goods and invoice manipulation. In such a scheme, dirty money is transferred across the border by distorting the value of traded goods. For example, by importing over-valued goods and paying for them more money than the actual value of the goods, a money launderer acting as an importer could transfer the dirty money to a partner in an exporting country.

The most common way of laundering money is to take it to a foreign country clandestinely, and place it in bank accounts there via repeated international transfers, after which it will be impossible to trace its origin.

Given current global security concerns and the possibility that this “dirty money” could finance activity, money laundering is now drawing more political attention than before and remains firmly under the spotlight.

Task 18. Make a written translation of the text into English.

a) Таможня не отдаёт добро.

Золотая медаль, кубок и сертификат о победе российской компании «Московская кофейня на паяхъ» в крупном международном конкурсе второй месяц пылятся на таможенном складе временного хранения. На российской границе ценный груз конфисковали: нет необходимых для оформления документов. «Может поэтому наши спортсмены стали не так часто выигрывать на Олимпиадах и чемпионатах мира? Боязно потом всё это «золото-серебро» через таможню везти!»

Прошло несколько месяцев. Медаль всё ещё не нашла героев: с владельцев требуют новую справку – с указанием толщины золотого покрытия медали. Мы и не такое видали, а швейцарцы недоумевают: «Кофе Московской кофейни на паяхъ» признан наиболее качественным авторитетными экспертами из 112 стран мира, и нам совершенно непонятно, почему ваша таможенная служба делает так, что мы не можем доставить награду её обладателю.»

Кстати, за последние годы российская компания, которая поставляет свою продукцию в несколько стран мира, получила более 50 наград как в России, так и за рубежом. Но с описанной ситуацией её руководство сталкивается впервые.

(«Аргументы и факты»)

b) Гаджеты с пиратскими фильмами и музыкой отнимут на таможне?

В скором будущем на границе смогут изымать любую технику (включая смартфоны и ноутбуки), если в них обнаружат нелицензионные программы, фильмы или песни.

Речь пока не о России, а о ЕС (22 страны) и ещё нескольких странах – лидерах в борьбе с интеллектуальным пиратством. Ещё в 2005году Япония выдвинула идею о необходимости защиты интеллектуальной собственности от нелицензионного использования. На разных этапах подготовки договора, которая заняла целых 6 лет, к Японии присоединились США, Южная Корея, Новая Зеландия, Сингапур, Швейцария и ЕС. Соглашение подписано, но вступит в силу, когда его ратифицируют как минимум в 6 странах. Однако, выяснилось, что многие пункты договора балансируют на грани нарушения свобод граждан.

Интернет-провайдеры обязаны будут предоставлять всю личную информацию о пользователях и следить за тем, что они скачивают, защищена ли эта продукция авторскими правами.

Таможенникам будет предоставлено право досматривать любые электронные устройства с целью обнаружения пиратской продукции и изымать их в случае обнаружения нелицензионного контента. Причём для этогоне потребуется ни постановлений, ни доказательств.

(«КП»)

Конечно, такая перспектива обескуражила многих интернет-пользователей. Поэтому большинство стран не торопятся ратифицировать АСТА (Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement).