Conclusion

Thousand years ago a special layer of the language appeared, it is phraseology – the whole set of stable expressions, which have their independent meaning. The world of Modern English phraseological expressions is so grand and various that every aspect of its study is worth of due regard.

The learning of the English language is widely-spread among our country. Good knowledge of language is impossible without knowing English phraseology. If we know phraseological expressions of English and our native language it will make us easier translate and understand.

In this course work we have examined the source of phraseological expressions and peculiarities in its translation in the English and Italian languages. We think that every person must know general information about phraseological units. The «father» of phraseology, Charles Bally, gave the definition of phraseological unit: «combinations, which firmly came into language, are called set phrases». The linguist N.M. Shanskiy made out some difference between set phrases and free word combinations. Set phrases differ with readableness, integrity of the meaning, steadiness of composition and structure and also with structure tightness.

The source of idiom origin in Modern English language is very various.

We could divide all phraseological units into two groups: primordial English phraseological units and adoptions. Many of English phraseological expressions were adopted from Latin language through French. But there are some expressions, which were adopted from the Latin language escapes French, even there were adoptions from American English and other languages. A lot of phraseological units appeared in connection with traditions, customs and English popular belief, actual, legendry and historical facts, but also we must not forget that the majority of phraseological expressions appeared from poems of famous writers, we have learnt Shakespearean phraseological units.

Phraseological expressions improve our speech. Sometimes it is easier to say a phraseological expression to tell our thoughts and sense than try to find necessary words and sentences. However, they offer big problems to interpreters and translators. It is not great surprise that there are such phraseological expressions which can be translated variously into different languages.

An important point is that different linguists offer different classifications of phraseological units and their translation. But we decided to use the classification in interpreter’s point of view; we could divide phraseological units into two groups: phraseological units, which have the equivalence in transferable language, and phraseological units with no direct equivalents in other languages.

We should note here that phraseological expressions are translated in phraseological translation, if there are the equivalences or the analogues for phraseological expressions, or in non-phraseological translation, if there is a lack of equivalences and analogues.

We decided to use the modern classification of phraseological units, which consists of six ways of idiom translation: phraseological equivalents; analogue; calking; antonymous translation; combined translation; explication or descriptive translation.

In conclusion, we can say if we want to avoid curious moments in translation, we need to pay our attention to phraseological expressions, especially to Russian ones, because the majority of them cannot be translated into English and other languages. We, interpreters and translators, need to know a lot of things, which belong to our profession or do not. But we can have problems in translation, which cannot be avoided. Concerning the translation of phraseological expressions, as we mentioned before, there are a lot of expressions which cannot be translated. There is no doubt we have one main thing, we can explain the sense of phraseological expressions if we do not remember or do not know the exact translation.

In this science work we also express which problems could appear in translation of phraseological units in cultural aspect. Culture offers a big problem for interpreters and translators. Of course, it is impossible to know all detailed things in culture and traditions of any country, but we need to have some general idea about every country.

Doubtless, only a great knowledge of language and dictionaries could help us to translate phraseological units correctly.