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Файл:vsp_41_esx_server_config.pdf
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- •Contents
- •Updated Information
- •About This Book
- •Introduction to ESX Configuration
- •Networking
- •Introduction to Networking
- •Networking Concepts Overview
- •Network Services
- •View Networking Information in the vSphere Client
- •View Network Adapter Information in the vSphere Client
- •vNetwork Standard Switches
- •Port Groups
- •Port Group Configuration for Virtual Machines
- •Add a Virtual Machine Port Group
- •VMkernel Networking Configuration
- •TCP/IP Stack at the VMkernel Level
- •Set Up VMkernel Networking
- •Service Console Configuration
- •Set Up Service Console Networking
- •Configure Service Console Ports
- •Set the Default Gateway
- •Display Service Console Information
- •Using DHCP for the Service Console
- •vNetwork Standard Switch Properties
- •Change the Number of Ports for a vSwitch
- •Change the Speed of an Uplink Adapter
- •Add Uplink Adapters
- •Cisco Discovery Protocol
- •Enable CDP on an ESX Host
- •View Cisco Switch Information on the vSphere Client
- •vNetwork Distributed Switch Architecture
- •Configuring a vNetwork Distributed Switch
- •Create a vNetwork Distributed Switch
- •Add Hosts to a vNetwork Distributed Switch
- •Manage Hosts on a vDS
- •Edit General vNetwork Distributed Switch Settings
- •Edit Advanced vNetwork Distributed Switch Settings
- •View Network Adapter Information for a vNetwork Distributed Switch
- •Upgrade a vDS to a Newer Version
- •dvPort Groups
- •Add a dvPort Group
- •Edit General dvPort Group Properties
- •Edit Advanced dvPort Group Properties
- •dvPorts
- •Monitor dvPort State
- •Configure dvPort Settings
- •Private VLANs
- •Create a Private VLAN
- •Remove a Primary Private VLAN
- •Remove a Secondary Private VLAN
- •Configuring vNetwork Distributed Switch Network Adapters
- •Managing Physical Adapters
- •Add an Uplink to a vNetwork Distributed Switch
- •Remove an Uplink from a vNetwork Distributed Switch
- •Managing Virtual Network Adapters
- •Create a VMkernel Network Adapter on a vNetwork Distributed Switch
- •Create a Service Console Network Adapter on a vNetwork Distributed Switch
- •Migrate an Existing Virtual Adapter to a vNetwork Distributed Switch
- •Migrate a Virtual Adapter to a vNetwork Standard Switch
- •Edit the VMkernel Configuration on a vNetwork Distributed Switch
- •Edit the Service Console Configuration on a vNetwork Distributed Switch
- •Remove a Virtual Adapter
- •Configuring Virtual Machine Networking on a vNetwork Distributed Switch
- •Migrate Virtual Machines to or from a vNetwork Distributed Switch
- •Connect an Individual Virtual Machine to a dvPort Group
- •Network I/O Control
- •Enable Network I/O Control on a vDS
- •Edit Network Resource Pool Settings
- •Advanced Networking
- •Internet Protocol Version 6
- •Enable IPv6 Support on an ESX Host
- •VLAN Configuration
- •Networking Policies
- •Load Balancing and Failover Policy
- •Edit the Failover and Load Balancing Policy on a vSwitch
- •Edit the Failover and Load Balancing Policy on a Port Group
- •Edit the Teaming and Failover Policy on a dvPort Group
- •Edit dvPort Teaming and Failover Policies
- •VLAN Policy
- •Edit the VLAN Policy on a dvPort Group
- •Edit dvPort VLAN Policies
- •Security Policy
- •Edit the Layer 2 Security Policy on a vSwitch
- •Edit the Layer 2 Security Policy Exception on a Port Group
- •Edit the Security Policy on a dvPort Group
- •Edit dvPort Security Policies
- •Traffic Shaping Policy
- •Edit the Traffic Shaping Policy on a vSwitch
- •Edit the Traffic Shaping Policy on a Port Group
- •Edit the Traffic Shaping Policy on a dvPort Group
- •Edit dvPort Traffic Shaping Policies
- •Port Blocking Policies
- •Edit the Port Blocking Policy on a dvPort Group
- •Edit dvPort Port Blocking Policy
- •Change the DNS and Routing Configuration
- •MAC Addresses
- •MAC Address Generation
- •Set Up a MAC Address
- •TCP Segmentation Offload and Jumbo Frames
- •Enabling TSO
- •Enable TSO Support for a Virtual Machine
- •Check Whether TSO Is Enabled on a VMkernel Interface
- •Enabling Jumbo Frames
- •Create a Jumbo Frames-Enabled vSwitch
- •Enable Jumbo Frames on a vNetwork Distributed Switch
- •Enable Jumbo Frame Support on a Virtual Machine
- •Create a Jumbo Frames-Enabled VMkernel Interface
- •NetQueue and Networking Performance
- •Enable NetQueue on an ESX Host
- •Disable NetQueue on an ESX Host
- •VMDirectPath I/O
- •Configure Passthrough Devices on a Host
- •Configure a PCI Device on a Virtual Machine
- •Networking Best Practices
- •Mounting NFS Volumes
- •Networking Configuration for Software iSCSI and Dependent Hardware iSCSI
- •Create iSCSI Port for a Single NIC
- •Using Multiple NICs for Software and Dependent Hardware iSCSI
- •Create Additional iSCSI Ports for Multiple NICs
- •Configuring Networking on Blade Servers
- •Configure a Virtual Machine Port Group with a VLAN on a Blade Server
- •Configure a VMkernel Port with a VLAN on a Blade Server
- •Troubleshooting
- •Troubleshooting Service Console Networking
- •Rename Network Adapters by Using the Service Console
- •Troubleshooting Physical Switch Configuration
- •Troubleshooting Port Group Configuration
- •Storage
- •Introduction to Storage
- •About ESX Storage
- •Types of Physical Storage
- •Local Storage
- •Networked Storage
- •Supported Storage Adapters
- •Target and Device Representations
- •Understanding Fibre Channel Naming
- •Understanding iSCSI Naming and Addressing
- •Understanding Storage Device Naming
- •About ESX Datastores
- •VMFS Datastores
- •Creating and Increasing VMFS Datastores
- •Sharing a VMFS Volume Across ESX Hosts
- •NFS Datastore
- •How Virtual Machines Access Storage
- •Comparing Types of Storage
- •Displaying Storage Adapters
- •View Storage Adapters Information
- •Copy Storage Adapter Identifiers to the Clipboard
- •Viewing Storage Devices
- •Display Storage Devices for a Host
- •Display Storage Devices for an Adapter
- •Copy Storage Device Identifiers to the Clipboard
- •Displaying Datastores
- •Review Datastore Properties
- •Configuring ESX Storage
- •Local SCSI Storage
- •Fibre Channel Storage
- •iSCSI Storage
- •iSCSI Initiators
- •Setting Up Independent Hardware iSCSI Adapters
- •View Independent Hardware iSCSI Adapters
- •Change Name and IP Address for Independent Hardware Initiators
- •Setting Up and Configuring Software iSCSI Adapter
- •Enable the Software iSCSI Adapter
- •Setting Up and Configuring Dependent Hardware iSCSI Adapters
- •Dependent Hardware iSCSI Considerations
- •View Dependent Hardware iSCSI Adapters
- •Determine Association Between Dependent Hardware iSCSI and Physical Network Adapters
- •Bind iSCSI Ports to iSCSI Adapters
- •Configuring Discovery Addresses for iSCSI Initiators
- •Set Up Dynamic Discovery
- •Set Up Static Discovery
- •Configuring CHAP Parameters for iSCSI Adapters
- •Choosing CHAP Authentication Method
- •Set Up CHAP Credentials for an iSCSI Initiator
- •Set Up CHAP Credentials for a Target
- •Disable CHAP
- •Configuring Additional Parameters for iSCSI
- •Configure Advanced Parameters for iSCSI
- •Datastore Refresh and Storage Rescan Operations
- •Perform Storage Rescan
- •Create VMFS Datastores
- •Network Attached Storage
- •NFS Datastores as Repositories for Commonly Used Files
- •Create an NFS-Based Datastore
- •Creating a Diagnostic Partition
- •Create a Diagnostic Partition
- •Managing Storage
- •Managing Datastores
- •Rename Datastores
- •Group Datastores
- •Delete Datastores
- •Unmount Datastores
- •Changing VMFS Datastore Properties
- •Increase VMFS Datastores
- •Upgrade Datastores
- •Managing Duplicate VMFS Datastores
- •Mounting VMFS Datastores with Existing Signatures
- •Mount a VMFS Datastore with an Existing Signature
- •Resignaturing VMFS Copies
- •Resignature a VMFS Datastore Copy
- •Using Multipathing with ESX
- •Managing Multiple Paths
- •VMware Multipathing Module
- •VMware SATPs
- •VMware PSPs
- •VMware NMP Flow of I/O
- •Multipathing with Local Storage and Fibre Channel SANs
- •Multipathing with iSCSI SAN
- •Path Scanning and Claiming
- •Viewing the Paths Information
- •View Datastore Paths
- •View Storage Device Paths
- •Setting a Path Selection Policy
- •Change the Path Selection Policy
- •Disable Paths
- •Storage Hardware Acceleration
- •Hardware Acceleration Requirements and Benefits
- •Hardware Acceleration Support Status
- •Turn off Hardware Acceleration
- •Thin Provisioning
- •About Virtual Disk Formats
- •Create Thin Provisioned Virtual Disks
- •View Virtual Machine Storage Resources
- •Determine the Disk Format of a Virtual Machine
- •Convert a Virtual Disk from Thin to Thick
- •Handling Datastore Over-Subscription
- •Turn off vCenter Server Storage Filters
- •vCenter Server Storage Filtering
- •Raw Device Mapping
- •About Raw Device Mapping
- •Benefits of Raw Device Mapping
- •Limitations of Raw Device Mapping
- •Raw Device Mapping Characteristics
- •RDM Virtual and Physical Compatibility Modes
- •Dynamic Name Resolution
- •Raw Device Mapping with Virtual Machine Clusters
- •Comparing Available SCSI Device Access Modes
- •Managing Mapped LUNs
- •Create Virtual Machines with RDMs
- •Manage Paths for a Mapped Raw LUN
- •Security
- •Security for ESX Systems
- •ESX Architecture and Security Features
- •Security and the Virtualization Layer
- •Security and Virtual Machines
- •Security and the Virtual Networking Layer
- •Creating a Network DMZ on a Single ESX Host
- •Creating Multiple Networks Within a Single ESX Host
- •Security and the Service Console
- •Security Resources and Information
- •Securing an ESX Configuration
- •Securing the Network with Firewalls
- •Firewalls for Configurations with vCenter Server
- •Firewalls for Configurations Without vCenter Server
- •Connecting to vCenter Server Through a Firewall
- •Connecting to the Virtual Machine Console Through a Firewall
- •Connecting ESX Hosts Through Firewalls
- •Configuring Firewall Ports for Supported Services and Management Agents
- •Allow Access to ESX for a Service or Management Agent
- •Automating Service Behavior Based on Firewall Settings
- •Configure How Service Startup Relates to Firewall Configuration
- •TCP and UDP Ports for Management Access
- •Securing Virtual Machines with VLANs
- •Security Considerations for VLANs
- •VLANs as Part of a Broader Security Implementation
- •Properly Configure VLANs
- •Create Separate Communications Between Management Tools and the Service Console
- •Virtual Switch Protection and VLANs
- •Securing Virtual Switch Ports
- •MAC Address Changes
- •Forged Transmissions
- •Promiscuous Mode Operation
- •Internet Protocol Security
- •Add a Security Association
- •Remove a Security Association
- •List Available Security Associations
- •Create a Security Policy
- •Remove a Security Policy
- •List Available Security Policies
- •Securing iSCSI Storage
- •Securing iSCSI Devices Through Authentication
- •Enabling Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP) for iSCSI SANs
- •Disabling iSCSI SAN Authentication
- •Protecting an iSCSI SAN
- •Authentication and User Management
- •Securing ESX Through Authentication and Permissions
- •About Users, Groups, Permissions, and Roles
- •Understanding Users
- •Understanding Groups
- •Understanding Password Requirements
- •Understanding Permissions
- •Assigning root User Permissions
- •Understanding vpxuser Permissions
- •Understanding Roles
- •Assigning the No Access Role
- •Assigning the Read Only Role
- •Assigning the Administrator Role
- •Working with Users and Groups on ESX Hosts
- •View, Sort, and Export a List of Users and Groups
- •Add a User to the Users Table
- •Modify the Settings for a User
- •Remove a User or Group
- •Add a Group to the Groups Table
- •Add or Remove Users from a Group
- •Configure a Host to Use a Directory Service
- •Add a Host to a Directory Service Domain
- •Use Host Profiles to Apply Permissions to Hosts
- •Encryption and Security Certificates for ESX
- •Enable Certificate Checking and Verify Host Thumbprints
- •Generate New Certificates for the ESX Host
- •Replace a Default Certificate with a CA-Signed Certificate
- •Configure SSL Timeouts
- •Modifying ESX Web Proxy Settings
- •Configure the Web Proxy to Search for Certificates in Nondefault Locations
- •Change Security Settings for a Web Proxy Service
- •Service Console Security
- •General Security Recommendations
- •Log In to the Service Console
- •Service Console Firewall Configuration
- •Determine the Service Console Firewall Security Level
- •Set the Service Console Firewall Security Level
- •Open a Port in the Service Console Firewall
- •Close a Port in the Service Console Firewall
- •Troubleshooting When Firewalls are Overwritten
- •Password Restrictions
- •Password Aging
- •Change Default Password Aging Restrictions for a Host
- •Change Default Password Aging Restrictions for Users
- •Password Strength and Complexity
- •Change Default Password Complexity for the pam_passwdqc.so Plug-In
- •Configure a Password Reuse Rule
- •Using the pam_cracklib.so Authentication Plug-In
- •Switch to the pam_cracklib.so Plug-In
- •Cipher Strength
- •setuid and setgid Flags
- •Disable Optional Applications
- •Default setuid Applications
- •Default setgid Applications
- •SSH Security
- •Change the Default SSH Configuration
- •Security Patches and Security Vulnerability Scanning Software
- •Security Best Practices and Scenarios
- •Security Approaches for Common ESX Deployments
- •Single-Customer Deployment
- •Multiple-Customer Restricted Deployment
- •Multiple-Customer Open Deployment
- •Virtual Machine Recommendations
- •Installing Antivirus Software
- •Limiting Exposure of Sensitive Data Copied to the Clipboard
- •Enable Copy and Paste Operations Between the Guest Operating System and Remote Console
- •Removing Unnecessary Hardware Devices
- •Prevent a Virtual Machine User or Process from Disconnecting Devices
- •Limiting Guest Operating System Writes to Host Memory
- •Modify Guest Operating System Variable Memory Limit
- •Prevent the Guest Operating System Processes from Sending Configuration Messages to the Host
- •Configuring Logging Levels for the Guest Operating System
- •Limit Log File Numbers and Sizes
- •Disable Logging for the Guest Operating System
- •Host Profiles
- •Managing Host Profiles
- •Host Profiles Usage Model
- •Access Host Profiles View
- •Creating a Host Profile
- •Create a Host Profile from Host Profiles View
- •Create a Host Profile from Host
- •Export a Host Profile
- •Import a Host Profile
- •Edit a Host Profile
- •Edit a Policy
- •Enable Compliance Check
- •Manage Profiles
- •Attaching Entities
- •Attach Entities from the Host Profiles View
- •Attach Entities from the Host
- •Applying Profiles
- •Apply a Profile from the Host Profiles View
- •Apply a Profile from the Host
- •Change Reference Host
- •Manage Profiles from a Cluster
- •Updating Profiles From the Reference Host
- •Checking Compliance
- •Check Compliance from the Host Profiles View
- •Check Compliance from Host
- •Check Cluster Compliance
- •Appendixes
- •ESX Technical Support Commands
- •Linux Commands Used with ESX
- •Using vmkfstools
- •vmkfstools Command Syntax
- •vmkfstools Options
- •-v Suboption
- •File System Options
- •Creating a VMFS File System
- •Example for Creating a VMFS File System
- •Extending an Existing VMFS-3 Volume
- •Example for Extending a VMFS-3 Volume
- •Listing Attributes of a VMFS Volume
- •Upgrading a VMFS-2 to VMFS-3
- •Virtual Disk Options
- •Supported Disk Formats
- •Creating a Virtual Disk
- •Example for Creating a Virtual Disk
- •Initializing a Virtual Disk
- •Inflating a Thin Virtual Disk
- •Removing Zeroed Blocks
- •Converting a Zeroedthick Virtual Disk to an Eagerzeroedthick Disk
- •Deleting a Virtual Disk
- •Renaming a Virtual Disk
- •Cloning a Virtual or Raw Disk
- •Example for Cloning a Virtual Disk
- •Migrate VMware Workstation and VMware GSX Server Virtual Machines
- •Extending a Virtual Disk
- •Migrating a VMFS-2 Virtual Disk to VMFS-3
- •Creating a Virtual Compatibility Mode Raw Device Mapping
- •Example for Creating a Virtual Compatibility Mode RDM
- •Creating a Physical Compatibility Mode Raw Device Mapping
- •Listing Attributes of an RDM
- •Displaying Virtual Disk Geometry
- •Checking and Repairing Virtual Disks
- •Managing SCSI Reservations of LUNs
- •Index
Chapter 11 Security for ESX Systems
Security Resources and Information
You can find additional information about security on the VMware Web site.
Table 11-1 lists security topics and the location of additional information about these topics.
Table 11-1. VMware Security Resources on the Web
Topic |
Resource |
|
|
VMware security policy, up-to-date security |
http://www.vmware.com/security/ |
alerts, security downloads, and focus |
|
discussions of security topics |
|
|
|
Corporate security response policy |
http://www.vmware.com/support/policies/security_response.html |
|
VMware is committed to helping you maintain a secure environment. |
|
Security issues are corrected in a timely manner. The VMware Security |
|
Response Policy states our commitment to resolve possible |
|
vulnerabilities in our products. |
|
|
Third-party software support policy |
http://www.vmware.com/support/policies/ |
|
VMware supports a variety of storage systems, software agents such as |
|
backup agents, system management agents, and so forth. You can find |
|
lists of agents, tools, and other software that supports ESX by searching |
|
http://www.vmware.com/vmtn/resources/ for ESX compatibility guides. |
|
The industry offers more products and configurations than VMware can |
|
test. If VMware does not list a product or configuration in a compatibility |
|
guide, Technical Support will attempt to help you with any problems, |
|
but cannot guarantee that the product or configuration can be used. |
|
Always evaluate security risks for unsupported products or |
|
configurations carefully. |
|
|
Certification of VMware products |
http://www.vmware.com/security/certifications/ |
|
|
General information about virtualization and |
VMware Virtual Security Technical Resource Center |
security |
http://www.vmware.com/go/security/ |
|
|
Compliance and security standards, as well as |
http://www.vmware.com/go/compliance/ |
partner solutions and in-depth content about |
|
virtualization and compliance |
|
|
|
Information about VMsafe technology for |
http://www.vmware.com/go/vmsafe/ |
protection of virtual machines, including a list of |
|
partner solutions |
|
|
|
VMware, Inc. |
149 |
ESX Configuration Guide
150 |
VMware, Inc. |
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