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Файл:Латыгина Базовый курс економики на англ.doc
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- •Diagnostic Pre-test Choose the most suitable word or phrase.
- •Unit 1 Business and businesses
- •Business Organization
- •Exercises in Word Study
- •Ex.7. Look at the words and phrases in the box. Match them with the correct definition from the list below.
- •Ex.8. Write the appropriate word or phrase in the following spaces. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Ex.9. These words are often confused: economic – economical, economics – economy
- •Complete these sentences using the correct form of one of the words above. Make sentences of you own to show that you understand the difference in their meaning.
- •Exercises in Comprehension Ex.1. Answer the following questions:
- •Ex.2. Sum up what you remember about:
- •Grammar Revision
- •Ex.1. Choose the correct variant.
- •Ex.2. Complete these sentences using the correct form (Present Simple or Present Continuous) of the verbs in brackets.
- •Ex.3. True or false? Correct where necessary.
- •Ex.4. Translate into English.
- •Speech and Discussion
- •Business Organization and the Economy
- •Exercises in Word Study
- •Ex.7. Look at the words and phrases in the box. Match them with the correct definition from the list below:
- •Ex.8. Write the appropriate word or phrase in the following spaces. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Ex.9. Fill in the missing prepositions.
- •Ex.10. These words are often confused:
- •Ex.1. Choose the correct variant
- •Ex.2. Complete these sentences using the correct form (Past Simple or Past Continuous) of the verbs in brackets.
- •Ex.3. True or false? Correct where necessary.
- •Ex.4. Translate into English.
- •Speech and Discussion
- •Ownership
- •Exercises in Word Study
- •Ex.9. Write the appropriate word or phrase in the following spaces. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Ex.10. Fill in the missing prepositions.
- •Ex.11. These words are often confused:
- •Ex.2. What is the difference between:
- •Ex.3.Sum up what the text says about:
- •Grammar Revision
- •Ex.1. Look at the expressions in the box:
- •Divide them into those which talk about a present period and those which talk about a past period.
- •Choose 3 expressions from each list and write sentences about your own educational experience.
- •Ex.2. Choose the correct variant:
- •Ex.3. Complete these sentences using the correct form (Past Simple or Present Perfect Simple) of the verbs in brackets.
- •Ex.4. True or false? Correct where necessary.
- •Ex.5. Translate into English:
- •Speech and Discussion
- •Business Relationship
- •Exercises in Word Study
- •Ex.7. Look at the words and phrases in the box. Match them with the correct definition from the list below:
- •Ex.8. Write the appropriate word or phrase in the following spaces. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Ex.9. Fill in the missing prepositions:
- •Ex.10. These words are often confused to rise – to raise
- •Complete these sentences using the correct form of one of the words above. Make your own sentences to show that you understand the difference in their meaning.
- •Exercises in Comprehension
- •Ex.2. Complete these sentences using the correct form (Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous) of the verbs in brackets.
- •Ex.3. True or false? Correct where necessary.
- •Ex.4. Translate into English:
- •Speech and Discussion
- •Companies’ Restructuring
- •Exercises in Word Study
- •Ex.7. Look at the words and phrases in the box. Match them with the correct definition from the list below:
- •Ex.8. Fill in the missing words which relate to business integration:
- •Ex.9. Write the appropriate word or phrase in the following spaces. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Ex.10. Fill in the missing prepositions and adverbs:
- •Ex.11. These words are often confused: to learn – to find out
- •Complete these sentences using the correct form of one of the words above. Make your own sentences to show that you understand the difference in their meaning.
- •Exercises in Comprehension
- •Ex.1. Choose the correct variant.
- •Ex.2. Complete these sentences using the correct form (Past Perfect Simple or Past Simple) of the verbs in brackets.
- •Ex.3. True or false? Correct where necessary.
- •Ex.4. Translate into English:
- •Speech and Discussion
- •Organizational Structure
- •Exercises in Word Study
- •Ex.6. Look at the words and phrases in the box. Match them with the correct definition from the list below:
- •Ex.8. Write the appropriate word or phrase in the following spaces. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian:
- •Ex.9. Fill in the missing prepositions. Board of Directors
- •Ex.10. Fill in the gaps by choosing from the words below:
- •Ex.11. Match each activity (1-8) with a department (a-h).
- •Ex.12. Study the following organizational chart which shows the different positions in a company:
- •Look at the organizational chart and write the name of the position in the blank.
- •Exercises in Comprehension Ex.1. Answer the following questions:
- •Ex.2. What is the difference between:
- •Ex.3. Sum up what the text says about the structure of organizations. Grammar Revision
- •Ex.1. Choose the correct variant.
- •Ex.2. Complete these sentences using the correct form (Past Perfect Simple or Past Perfect Continuous) of the verbs in brackets.
- •Ex.3. True or false? Correct where necessary.
- •Ex.4. Translate into English:
- •Speech and Discussion
- •Ex.5. Comment on the following:
- •Test 1 (unit I) Choose the word or word combination to match the definition.
- •Unit II People and Organization
- •Employment
- •Exercises in Word Study
- •Ex.7. The words in the box frequently occur after “job”.
- •Ex.8. Look at the words and phrases in the box. Match them with the correct definition from the list below:
- •Ex.9. Write the appropriate word or phrase in the following spaces. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Ex.10. Fill in the missing prepositions.
- •Ex.11. These words are often confused: personal-personnel
- •Complete these sentences using the correct form of one of the words above. Make your own sentences to show that you understand the difference in their meaning.
- •Exercises in Comprehenson
- •Ex.2. Complete the sentences by putting the verb in brackets into the correct tense.
- •Speech and Discussion
- •Human Resources: the people
- •Exercises in Word Study
- •Ex.7. Write the appropriate word or phrase in the following spaces. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Ex.8. Fill in the missing prepositions.
- •Ex.9. These words are often confused: employer – employee
- •Complete these sentences using the correct form of one of the words above. Make your own sentences to show that you understand the difference in their meaning.
- •Exercises in Comprehension
- •Ex.2. Compete the sentences by putting the verb in brackets into the correct tense.
- •Speech and Discussion
- •Recruitment Procedure
- •Exercises in Word Study
- •Ex.7. Write the appropriate word or phrase in the following spaces. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Ex.8. Fill in the missing prepositions:
- •Ex.9. In the following table there are seven jumbled recruitment tips. Try to match the correct halves from columns a and b.
- •Exercises in Comprehension Ex.1. Answer the following questions:
- •Ex.2. Sum up what the text says about:
- •Ex.3. Read the following job advertisements. What kind of jobs do they offer? What skills are essential to the jobs? What are the duties?
- •Ex.4. Imagine that you are interested in applying for one of these 2 above-mentioned jobs. Write a letter to the employer in which you:
- •Grammar Revision
- •Ex.1. Choose the correct variant.
- •Ex.2. Complete these sentences using the correct form to express future meaning of the verbs in brackets.
- •Speech and Discussion Ex.1. Talk to your groupmate:
- •Ex.2. Discuss with your groupmates which is the best way to recruit staff. Talk about the advantages and disadvantages of each of the following as a way of selecting people:
- •Ex.3. “Work is by no means the most important thing in life.” Do you agree with this statement? Ex.4. Express your opinion of the following.
- •Ex.5. Familiarize yourself with the following idioms. Consult your dictionary and translate the sentences into Ukrainian. Think of situations where you could use them:
- •Interviewing
- •Exercises in Word Study
- •Ex.7. Write the appropriate word or phrase in the following spaces. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Ex.8. Fill in the missing prepositions.
- •Interviews
- •Ex.9. These words are often confused: power – strength
- •Complete these sentences using the correct form of one of the words above. Make sentences of your own to show that you understand the difference in their meaning.
- •Exercises in Comprehension Ex.1. Answer the following question:
- •Ex.2. Sum up what the text says about:
- •Grammar Revision
- •Ex.1. Choose the correct variant.
- •Ex.2. Complete these sentences using the correct form to express future meaning of the verbs in brackets.
- •Speech and Discussion
- •Executive Pay
- •Exercises in Word Study
- •Ex.6. Match the synonymous expressions:
- •Ex.7. Look at the words and phrases in the box. Match them with the correct definition from the list below:
- •Ex.8. Write the appropriate word or phrase in the following spaces. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Ex.9. Fill in the missing prepositions Fringe benefit
- •Ex.10. These words are often confused: salary – income – pay – wage
- •Complete these sentences using the correct form of one of the words above. Make your own sentences to show that you understand the difference in their meaning.
- •Ex.11. Consult a dictionary and say whether these expressions refer to earning a high or a low salary. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Ex.1. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense (present or future).
- •Ex.2. Put each verb in brackets into a suitable tense. All sentences refer to future time.
- •Ex.3. Translate into English:
- •Speech and Discussion
- •Leaving a Job
- •Exercises in Word Study
- •Ex.8. Divide the words and word combinations in the box into two columns.
- •Ex.9. Fill in the missing prepositions. Redundancy
- •Exercises in Comprehenson
- •Speech and Discussion
- •Ex.4. Familiarize yourself with the following idioms. Consult your dictionary and translate the sentences into Ukrainian. Think of situations where you could use them.
- •Unit III Products, markets and marketing
- •Customers, Consumers, and Clients
- •Exercises in Word Study
- •Ex.7. Look at the words and phrases in the box. Match them with the correct definition from the list below:
- •Ex.8. Write the appropriate word or phrase in the following spaces. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Ex.9. Fill in the missing prepositions. Consumer Protection
- •Exercises in Comprehension
- •Ex.1. Change the following from active to passive.
- •Ex.2. Complete the sentences using the correct passive (simple) form of the verbs in brackets.
- •Ex.3. Translate into English:
- •Speech and Discussion
- •Market and market orientation
- •Exercises in Word Study
- •Ex.9. The following diagram shows some very commonly used verbs with "a market". Study the diagram, consult your dictionary and translate these phrases into Ukrainian.
- •Ex.10. Look at the words and phrases in the box. Match the words with the correct definition from the list below:
- •Ex.11. Write the appropriate word or phrase in the following spaces. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Ex.12. Fill in the missing prepositions.
- •Ex.2. Open the brackets, using the Passive Voice.
- •Ex.3. Translate into English.
- •Speech and Discussion
- •Products, Goods and Services
- •Exercises in Word Study
- •Ex.8. Look at the words and phrases in the box. Match them with the correct definition from the list below:
- •Ex.9. Write the appropriate word or phrase in the following spaces. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Ex.10. These words are often confused: to succeed – to manage – to cope
- •Exercises in Comprehension
- •Ex.2. Open the brackets, using the Passive Voice.
- •Ex.3. Translate into English:
- •Grammar progress test II (passive voice) Ex.1 Choose the correct answers.
- •Ex.2. Open the brackets, using the Passive Voice.
- •Speech and Discussion
- •Marketing
- •Exercises in Word Study
- •Ex.9. Look at the words in the box. Match them with the correct definition from the list below:
- •Ex.10. Write the appropriate word or phrase in the following spaces. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Ex.11. Fill in the missing prepositions: Marketing mix
- •Exercises in Comprehension
- •Ex.1. Make the actions in the following object clauses simultaneous with those of their principal clause.
- •Ex.2. Make the actions in the following object clauses precede those of their principal clause.
- •Ex.3. Make the actions in the following object clauses follow those of their principal clause.
- •Ex.4. Translate into English:
- •Speech and Discussion
- •Advertising
- •Exercises in Word Study
- •Ex.8. Write the appropriate word or phrase in the following spaces. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Ex.9. Fill in the missing prepositions:
- •Ex.1. Match the direct speech word or phrase on the left with its reported speech equivalent on the right:
- •Ex.2. Rewrite these sentences, changing the direct speech to reported speech.
- •Ex.3. Rewrite these sentences, changing the reported speech to direct speech.
- •Ex.4. Complete each sentence, using say, tell or speak in an appropriate form.
- •Speech and Discussion
- •Unit IV business and finance
- •Costs. Assets and Liabilities
- •Exercises in Word Study
- •Ex.7. Write the appropriate word or phrase in the following spaces. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Ex.8. Fill in the missing prepositions: Assets
- •Ex.9. These words are often confused: price worth cost value
- •Complete these sentences using the correct form of one of the words above. Make sentences of your own to show that you understand the difference in their meaning.
- •Exercises in Comprehension Ex.1. Answer the following questions:
- •Ex.2. Choose the correct variant.
- •Ex.3. Sum up what you remember about:
- •Grammar Revision
- •Ex.1. Rewrite these sentences, changing the direct speech to reported speech.
- •Ex.2. Rewrite these sentences, changing the reported speech to direct speech.
- •Ex.3. Rewrite the passage in Direct Speech.
- •Speech and Discussion Ex.1. Define the following terms:
- •Ex.2. Explain how a firm can define and calculate its costs. Ex.3. Discuss with your groupmates which is more important for a business – its assets or liabilities. Why?
- •Ex.5. Comment on the following:
- •Raising Finance
- •Exercises in Word Study
- •Ex.7. Write the appropriate word or phrase in the following spaces. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Ex.8. Fill in the missing prepositions:
- •Ex.3. Translate into English:
- •Speech and Discussion
- •Financial Centres
- •Exercises in Word Study
- •Ex.7. Write the appropriate word or phrase in the following spaces. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Ex.8. Fill in the missing prepositions.
- •Exercises in Comprehension
- •Ex.2. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form. (All the sentences refer to the present or future).
- •Ex.3. Answer these questions with a conditional sentence.
- •Ex.4. Translate into English.
- •Ex.5. Under what circumstances, if any, would you:
- •Investments
- •Exercises in Word Study
- •Ex.7. Write the appropriate word or phrase in the following spaces. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Ex.8. Fill in the missing prepositions and adverbs.
- •Exercises in Comprehension Ex.1. Answer the following questions:
- •Ex.2. Sum up what you remember about:
- •Grammar Revision
- •Ex.1. Choose the most suitable tense:
- •Ex.2. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.
- •Ex.3. Finish these sentences using a mixed conditional.
- •Ex.4. Translate into English:
- •Grammar progress test III (conditionals) Ex.1. Choose the correct answers:
- •Ex.2. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.
- •Speech and Discussion
- •Ex.5. Comment on the following:
- •Financial Statements
- •Exercises in Word Study
- •Ex.7. Write the appropriate word or phrase in the following spaces. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Ex.8. Fill in the missing prepositions.
- •Exercises in Comprehension Ex.1. Answer the following questions:
- •Ex.2. Sum up what you remember about:
- •Ex.3. Translate into English:
- •Grammar Revision
- •Ex.1. Complete these sentences using the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
- •Ex.2. Translate into English.
- •Speech and Discussion
- •Ex.5. Comment on the following:
- •Bankruptcy
- •Exercises in Word Study
- •Ex.8. Find words in the text which have a similar meaning to the informal words and phrases listed below:
- •Ex.9. Write the appropriate word or phrase in the following spaces. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Ex.10. Fill in the missing prepositions.
- •Insolvency
- •Exercises in Comprehension Ex.1. Answer the following questions:
- •Ex.2. Sum up what you remember about a bankruptcy procedure. Who can it be initiated by? Grammar Revision
- •Ex.1. Complete these sentences using can, could, may and be able to, or be allowed to in the correct form.
- •Ex.2. Translate into English:
- •Speech and Discussion Ex.1. Discuss with your groupmates:
- •Ex.4. Comment on the following:
- •Test 4 (unit IV) Choose the word or word combination to match the definition.
- •Unit V accounting
- •Remember the difference:
- •The Field of Accounting
- •Exercises in Word Study
- •Ex.8. Write the appropriate word or phrase in the following spaces. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Ex.9. Fill in the missing prepositions.
- •Exercises in Comprehension Ex.1. Answer the following questions:
- •Ex.2. Sum up what you remember about:
- •Grammar Revision
- •Ex.1. Complete these sentences using the correct form of must, have to, need, should, ought to.
- •Ex.2. Translate into English:
- •Ex.3. Make up sentences about your university environment. Your sentences should describe:
- •Budgeting
- •Exercises in Word Study
- •Ex.8. Write the appropriate word or phrase in the following spaces. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Ex.9. Fill in the missing prepositions.
- •Grammar Revision
- •Ex.1. Complete the following sentences with an appropriate modal verb form.
- •Ex.2. Translate into English:
- •Speech and Discussion
- •Auditing
- •Exercises in Word Study
- •Ex.8. Write the appropriate word or phrase in the following spaces. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Ex.9. Fill in the missing prepositions:
- •Exercises in Comprehension Ex.1. Answer the following questions:
- •Ex.2. Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false.
- •Ex.3. Sum up what you remember about:
- •Grammar Revision
- •Ex.1. Complete the following sentences with an appropriate modal verb from the box below.
- •Ex.2. Translate into English.
- •Speech and Discussion
- •Unit VI money and banking
- •Money and its Functions
- •Exercises in Word Study
- •Ex.9. Look at the words and phrases in the box. Match them with the correct definition from the list below.
- •Ex.10. Write the appropriate word or phrase in the following spaces. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Ex.11. Below are some of the most common terms used to describe different types of wrongdoing. Translate them into Ukrainian and match these types of wrongdoing to their definitions.
- •Ex.12. Fill in the missing prepositions. Fraud
- •Ex.13. These words are often confused to spend – to waste
- •Complete these sentences using the correct form of one of the words above. Make your own sentences to show that you understand the difference in their meaning.
- •Exercises in Comprehension Ex.1. Answer the following questions:
- •Ex.2. Fill in the correct name for the different forms of money.
- •Ex.3. Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false.
- •Ex.4. Sum up what you remember about money:
- •Grammar Revision grammar progress test IV (modal verbs) Ex.1. Complete each sentence so that it contains can, must, should, have to, could, may, ought to (including negative forms).
- •Ex.2. Complete the sentences with should have …, could have …, may have …, may not have …, needn’t have …, can’t have …, shouldn’t have …,
- •Speech and Discussion
- •Ex.6. Comment on the following:
- •Types of Banks
- •Exercises in Word Study
- •Ex.7. Look at the words and phrases in the box. Match them with the correct definition from the list below:
- •Ex.8. Write the appropriate word or phrase in the following spaces. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Ex.9. Fill in the missing prepositions.
- •Exercises in Comprehension Ex.1. Answer the following questions:
- •Ex.2. Translate into English:
- •Ex.3. Sum up what you remember about:
- •Grammar Revision
- •Ex.4. Make up sentences using the present perfect and a superlative adjective.
- •Banking Services
- •Exercises in Word Study
- •Ex.8. Write the appropriate word or phrase in the following spaces. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Ex.9. Fill in the missing prepositions and adverbs. Mortgage
- •Exercises in Comprehension Ex.1. Answer the following questions:
- •Ex.2. Sum up what you remember about modern banking services. Grammar Revision
- •Ex.1. Divide the adverbs in the box into groups according to how the comparative and the superlative are formed:
- •Ex.2. Complete these sentences, using the correct form (comparative or superlative) of the adverbs in brackets.
- •Speech and Discussion
- •The Euro
- •Exercises in Word Study
- •Ex.9. Fill in the missing prepositions. The Euro
- •Ex.10. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian. See how you translate the words “advantage” and “disadvantage”.
- •Exercises in Comprehension Ex.1. Answer the following questions:
- •Ex.2. Sum up what you remember about the single European currency. Grammar Revision
- •Ex.1. Complete the sentences using as … as.
- •Ex.2. Complete the sentences using double comparatives (…er and …er, more and more …).
- •Ex.3. Complete the sentences with expressions from the box. Use the … the.
- •Speech and Discussion
- •Unit VII International business
- •International Trade
- •Exercises in Word Study
- •Ex.7. Look at the words and phrases in the box. Match them with the correct definition from the list below:
- •Ex.8. Write the appropriate word or phrase in the following spaces. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Ex.9. Fill in the missing prepositions:
- •Ex.10.These words are often confused: to provide – to secure – to ensure
- •Complete these sentences using the correct form of one of the words above. Make your own sentences to show that you understand the difference in their meaning.
- •Exercises in Comprehension Ex.1. Answer the following questions:
- •Ex.2. Choose the correct term for each definition.
- •Ex.3. Sum up what you remember about:
- •Ex.4. Translate into English:
- •Grammar Revision
- •Ex.1. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian and state the form and function of the Infinitive.
- •Ex.2. Insert “to” where necessary before the infinitives in brackets.
- •Ex.3. Translate into English:
- •Speech and Discussion
- •Export and Import
- •Exercises in Word Study
- •Ex.7. Write the appropriate word or phrase in the following spaces. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Ex.8. Fill in the missing prepositions.
- •Exercises in Comprehension
- •Grammar Revision
- •Ex.1. Put the verbs in brackets into the gerund. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Ex.2. Finish these sentences using a gerund.
- •E give, get, make, have, lose, help, work, discuss, get, worry, meet, analyse, cry, buy, reducex.3. Complete these sentences using the gerund form of one of the verbs below.
- •Speech and Discussion
- •World Trade Organization
- •Exercises in Word Study
- •Ex.8. Write the appropriate word or phrase in the following spaces. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Ex.9. Fill in the missing prepositions:
- •Exercises in Comprehension Ex.1. Answer the following questions:
- •Ex.2. Sum up what you remember about the World Trade Organization. Ex.3. Translate into English:
- •Grammar Revision
- •Ex.2. Choose the correct way of completing each sentence.
- •Ex.3. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form (gerund or infinitive).
- •Ex.4. Translate into English using a gerund or infinitive.
- •Speech and Discussion
- •Business across Cultures
- •Exercises in Word Study Ex.1. Form nouns from the following verbs:
- •Ex.2. The following words can be used in more than one way. Underline the correct part of speech for each word as it is used in the text.
- •Ex.3. Give the English for:
- •Ex.8. Fill in the missing prepositions. A guide to doing export business in Japan
- •Exercises in Comprehension Ex.1. Answer the following questions:
- •Ex.2. Put these statements about customs and culture into the correct order.
- •Ex.3. Are the statements in exercise 2 true for Ukraine? Write similar sentences about customs in Ukraine, using the following topics:
- •Ex.4. Compare the customs in the text with those in Ukraine. What are the differences and what are the similarities? Grammar Revision
- •Ex.1. Insert Participle I of the verbs in brackets.
- •Ex.2. Insert Participle II of the verbs in brackets.
- •Ex.3. Insert Participle I or Participle II of the verbs in brackets.
- •Speech and Discussion
- •Unit VIII Business Communication
- •Computers
- •Exercises in Word Study
- •Ex.6. Write the appropriate word or phrase in the following spaces. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Ex.7. Study the verbs which are usually used when talking about using computers. Consult your dictionary and translate them into Ukrainian.
- •Exercises in Comprehension Ex.1. Answer the following questions:
- •Ex.2.Sum up what you remember about:
- •Grammar Revision
- •Ex.1. Identify the countable and uncountable nouns in the list below:
- •Ex.2. Make sentences using the prompts below.
- •Ex.3. Complete the sentences below by choosing the correct alternative of the two given in brackets.
- •Speech and Discussion
- •Exercises in Word Study
- •Ex.5. Write the appropriate word or phrase in the following spaces. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Ex.7. Fill in the missing prepositions.
- •Exercises in Comprehension Ex.1. Answer the following questions:
- •Ex.2. Explain the meaning of these words:
- •Ex.3. Sum up what you remember about the Internet and the World Wide Web. Grammar Revision
- •Ex.1. Complete these sentences with both … and, either … or and neither … nor.
- •Ex.2. Complete these sentences with either, neither, both.
- •Ex.3. Translate into English.
- •Speech and Discussion
- •Exercises in Word Study
- •Ex.6. Write the appropriate word or phrase in the following spaces. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Ex.7. Which of these means of communication do you use?
- •Match them with the correct definition from the list below.
- •Exercises in Comprehension
- •Ex.1. Join two nouns using either ‘s or … of …
- •Ex.2. Translate into English using possessive forms of nouns.
- •Ex.3. Decide if each of the phrases is correct, and if it is not, correct it.
- •Ex.4. In a department store you often see signs like “Men’s Shoes” or “Children’s Toys”. Think of some other things that are just for men, women, children, etc.
- •Exercises in Word Study
- •Ex.6. Fill in the missing prepositions:
- •Exercises in Comprehension Ex.1. Answer the following questions:
- •Ex.2. Sum up what you remember about doing business on the Internet. Grammar Revision
- •Ex.1. Write the numbers as words:
- •Ex.2. Speak about interest rates. The National Bank of Ukraine has raised interest rates by:
- •Ex.3. Remember the words which are used to give approximations when we are speaking about amount:
- •Ex.4. Finish each of these sentences so that it means the same as the sentence printed before it.
- •Speech and Discussion
- •Revision test Choose the alternative that best suits the context.
- •Vocabulary
- •Список використаної літератури
- •Contents
- •Unit 1 business and businesses
- •Unit II people and organization
- •Unit III products, markets and marketing
- •Unit IV business and finance
- •Unit V accounting
Unit VI money and banking
lesson 1
Text: Money and its Functions
Grammar: Progress Test IV (Modal Verbs)
Terms to remember:
|
crime |
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злочин; злодіяння |
|
whale |
|
кит |
|
beads |
|
намисто; буси |
|
coin |
|
монета |
|
paper bills |
|
паперові банкноти |
|
value |
|
ціна, вартість; цінність |
|
trust (v) |
|
довіряти |
|
medium of exchange |
|
засіб обміну |
|
measure of value |
|
мірило вартості |
|
yardstick |
|
мірило; мірка; критерій |
|
bookkeeping |
|
бухгалтерія; рахівництво |
|
store of value |
|
засіб заощадження |
|
retain (v) |
|
зберігати; утримувати |
|
accumulate (v) |
|
накопичувати |
Money and its Functions
In songs and popular language “money” stands for many things. It’s a symbol of success, it’s a source of crime, and it makes the world go round.
Along with the Market, Manpower and Material, Money is the last of the big M's that make business function. It is in the centre of any business activity.
Money is anything used by a society to purchase goods, services or resources. Different groups of people have used all sorts of objects as money – whale’s teeth, stones, beads, gold and silver, for example. Today, the most commonly used objects are metal coins, paper bills, checks and plastic money.
For money to have value, it must perform certain functions, it must be easy to use, and it must be trusted.
Money has three main functions in any society:
Serves as a Medium of Exchange. Money, the medium of exchange, is used in one half of almost all exchange. Workers exchange labour services for money. People buy and sell goods in exchange for money.
Serves as a Measure of Value. Money serves as a measure of value because the prices of all products and resources are stated in terms of money. Money is used as a yardstick for all bookkeeping, budgeting and management.
Represents a Store of Value. Money is a store of value because it may be held and spent later. It is a means for retaining and accumulating wealth.
Exercises in Word Study
Ex.1. Form adjectives from the following nouns:
symbol, success, crime, money, difference, value, product, wealth.
Ex.2. The following words can be used in more than one way. Underline the correct part of speech for each word as it used in the text.
-
term
a) noun
b) verb
store
a) noun
b) verb
value
a) noun
b) verb
purchase
a) noun
b) verb
trust
a) noun
b) verb
function
a) noun
b) verb
exchange
a) noun
b) verb
bill
a) noun
b) verb
stand
a) noun
b) verb
Ex.3. Give the English for:
символ успіху; купувати товари та послуги; золото та срібло; монети та банкноти; виконувати функції; засіб обміну; в обмін на гроші; мірило вартості; складання бюджету; засіб заощадження.
Ex.4. Match words from list A with words from list B that have a similar meaning.
|
A |
B |
|
purchase value perform exchange represent spend retain accumulate wealth |
riches increase keep pay money for smth. change denote complete a task worth buy |
Ex.5. Find suitable opposites to the following words:
to represent, popular, success, value, to trust, to accumulate, similar, easy.
Ex.6. Match the nouns in the left-hand column with the verbs in the right-hand column:
|
money
the value |
assess decline in establish exceed fluctuate in reduce offset transfer borrow earn lose make save spend |
Ex.7. What part of speech are these words? You can find out by looking in your dictionary.
|
|
noun |
verb |
adjective |
|
monetary |
------ |
------ |
------ |
|
monetize |
------ |
------ |
------ |
|
moneymaker |
------ |
------ |
------ |
|
moneyed |
------ |
------ |
------ |
|
money-grubber |
------ |
------ |
------ |
Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian:
He doesn’t have much monetary sense; he’s always wasting his money.
The government monetized its bonds and spent the money on new projects.
That new saleswoman is already a moneymaker for our company.
She married a man from a moneyed family.
He is such a money-grubber that he won’t answer a question unless you tell him how much you will pay him.
Ex.8. The words in the box frequently occur before “money”.
Find combinations that mean:
money that is being used by the public as opposed to money left in bank accounts;
money easily available on loan at a low rate of interest;
extra money or high wages paid to people working in dangerous conditions;
money that is difficult to borrow because of high interest rates;
money that is not circulated or invested and does not earn interest;
an item that can be easily exchanged in the way that money can, although it is not money itself. It includes cheques and postal orders but not banknotes or coins;
money lent on condition that it must be repaid immediately if necessary;
money offered by someone to show that he/she is honest and truthful and will keep to all agreed terms and conditions;
the reward paid by the owners of a rescued ship or goods to the person or organization that saved it/them;
change for small purchases;
money which is moved from country to country to get the best return;
money paid to someone in return for keeping silent about a crime.
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