- •Legal Education in Great Britain
- •Supplementary reading cambridge — a university town
- •Cambridge university
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •The nature of law
- •The law
- •Supplementary reading
- •Legal language
- •What is law?
- •Characteristics of english law
- •Sources of law
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •Sources of law
- •The historical sources of law
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •The code of hammurabi
- •Mosaic law
- •Roman law
- •Influence of Roman Law
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •Sources of English Law
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •Canon law
- •The merchant law
- •Local custom
- •Mercer V. Denne (1905)
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •Systems of law
- •Task 15. Role play. Detention of a Suspect in the Robbery
- •Two great systems of law
- •Other civil law codes
- •Case law
- •The binding element in precedents
- •Common Law rules
- •Presumptions
- •Reference to statutes
- •The legal profession in the uk
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •The legal profession
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •Officers of the Court
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Legal profession in the usa
- •In your country, are there different kinds of lawyers? If so, define them.
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •Judges in the usa
- •Lawyers
- •Joan Collins has starring role in lawsuit
- •Role play
- •Legal Profession
- •Legalese
- •The Lord Chancellor
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •Attorney-General and Solicitor-General
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •Masters
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •Directors of Public Prosecutions
- •Vocabulary notes:
The historical sources of law
Vocabulary notes:
to inscribe |
вкрити письменами |
to comply |
здійснювати |
to eliminate |
знешкоджувати |
to be concerned about/with |
турбуватися/ займатися |
a jurist |
юрист, адвокат |
a hand-book |
інструкція |
to spread over |
розповсюдитись |
to be influenced by |
попасти під вплив |
to establish |
засновувати, організувати |
to reveal |
показати, розкрити |
thriving |
процвітаючий |
to set out |
викласти (у збірці) |
to wander |
мандрувати |
Hebrew faith |
іудейська віра |
community |
комуна, суспільство |
to recount |
налічувати, перераховувати |
to arrange |
систематизувати |
to undergo |
зазнавати |
a set of laws |
збірка законів |
to experience influences |
зазнати впливу |
hereditary |
успадкований |
to remain intact |
залишатися без змін |
commandments |
заповіді |
to preside over |
очолювати |
to hold a central position |
посідати центральне місце |
to be in use |
знаходитись у дії |
to sack |
пограбувати |
Task 1. Read the text consulting a dictionary where necessary and pick out the main points about the sources of law in Great Britain.
ROMAN LAW
In modern-day Italy, France, Spain, and the countries of Latin America, law codes based on Roman legal principle are still in use. Law in the modern English-speaking countries was also greatly influenced by Roman Law.
The earliest Roman code of laws, the Law of the Twelve Tables, was written between 451 BC1 and 449 BC. Tradition has it that its authors were a council of ten men who had been selected to rule the Roman state. The Law of the Twelve Tables covered all citizens. It was inscribed on twelve bronze tables set up in the Forum for everyone to see. The Law of the Twelve Tables remained in use for over 1000 years, though the bronze tables were destroyed when Rome was sacked in 410 AD2
The second great set of Roman laws, the Justinian Code, was complied under the direction of Justinian, Emperor of Rome from 483 to 565 AD. Justinian was concerned with elimination of corruption and making justice available to everyone. He established a commission to consolidate the mass of early Roman law. The resulting Code consisted of four works:
all the imperial edicts3;
the Digest4, the decision of the great Roman jurists;
the Institutes5, which served as a hand-book for law students;
the Novels6, or “new laws”, passed by Justinian himself.
By 100 AD, the Roman empire had spread over much of Europe. It remained intact until the fifth century AD. As a result, the laws of all European countries, including France and England, were much influenced by the two Roman codes. However, each experienced other influences as well. The law of France underwent further changes in the late eighteenth century, when Napoleon Bonaparte compiled the Code of Napoleon.
England was ruled by Rome from 55 BC until the early fifth century AD. Therefore, the English system also has Roman law as part of its hereditary roots.
Text notes: 1Before Christ - до нашої ери / до нової ери
2Anno Domini - нашої ери
3edicts - едикти, укази
4the Digest - Дигести
5the Institutes - Інституції
6 the Novels – Новели