- •Қазақстан республикасының білім және ғылым министрлігі
- •Geographical position, composition and climate of the United Kingdom.
- •The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- •The Island of Great Britain
- •Climate
- •Vegetation and Wildlife
- •Economy and agriculture of the uk
- •England
- •Scotland
- •Northern Ireland
- •Population
- •Monarchy and its role, the Houses of Parliament, political parties of the uk
- •The British Parliament and the Electoral System
- •The House of Commons
- •The House of Lords
- •Political parties of Great Britain
- •The British Monarchy Today
- •The system of British education
- •The British system of education
- •Pre-primary and Primary Education
- •Secondary Education
- •Public Schools – for Whom?
- •Life at College and University
- •Oxbridge
- •British culture, traditions and mass media.
- •Artistic and Cultural Life in Britain
- •Inigo Jones and Christopher Wren
- •Westminster Abbey
- •St. Paul’s Cathedral
- •The Tower of London
- •Curiosities of London
- •The British Museum
- •Lecture 6 Geographical position and natural resources of usa.
- •Weather and Climate
- •Natural Resources
- •Natural Parks
- •Lecture 7 Population and regions of usa
- •Lecture 8 Government of usa
- •Three Branches of Government
- •State and Local Government
- •Two- Party System
- •Lecture 9 Cultural Diversity in the United States.
- •American Holidays
- •New year’s day (january 1)
- •Martin luther king day (third monday in january)
- •Presidents’ day (third monday in february)
- •Memorial day (last monday in may)
- •Independence day (july 4)
- •Labor day
- •Thanksgiving (fourth thursday in november)
- •Symbols of the nation uncle sam
- •The liberty bell
- •The bald eagle
- •The great seal of the u.S.
- •The statue of liberty
- •Washington d.C.
- •Lecture 10 New in area studies - American Studies. History of American Studies.
- •Education in usa
- •Elementary Schools
- •Intermediate Education – the Junior High School
- •Secondary Education
- •Higher Education
- •Lecture 11
- •History
- •Lecture 12-13
- •1.Canada - Overview of economy
- •Lecture 14-15
- •Lecture 16-17
- •Geography
- •Weather
- •Lecture 18-20
- •Population
- •Government
- •Head of State
- •Constitutional arrangements
- •Parliament
- •Responsible government
- •Proportional representation electoral system
- •Lecture 21-22
- •Lecture 23-24
- •1. Geography of Australia
- •2. Australia in Brief
- •Australia in Brief
- •Lecture 25-26
- •1. Australia's system of government
- •Responsible government
- •A written constitution
- •Parliamentary sovereignty
- •Frequent elections
- •Parties
- •Lecture 27
- •1. Australia's system of education
- •School education (Primary and Secondary)
- •Tertiary education
- •Language of instruction
- •Australian Qualifications Framework
- •Lecture 28-29
- •1. Brief overview of Kazakhstan
- •Climate:
- •Culture:
- •The Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
- •Lecture 30
- •1. Education in Kazakhstan
- •1. Основная:
- •2. Дополнительная:
Monarchy and its role, the Houses of Parliament, political parties of the uk
Plan:
1. The British Parliament and the Electoral System
2. The House of Commons
3. The House of Lords
4. Political parties of Great Britain
5. The Conservative Party
6. The Liberal Democrats and the Labour Party
7. The British Monarchy Today
The British Parliament and the Electoral System
The British Parliament consists of the House of Lords and the House of Commons and the Queen as its head.
The House of Commons plays the major role in law-making. It consists of Members of Parliament (called MPs for short), each of whom represents an area in England, Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland. MPs are elected either at a general election, or at a by-election following the death or retirement of an MP.
Parliamentary elections must be held every five years, but the Prime Minister can decide on the exact date within those five years. The minimum voting age is 18, and the voting is taken by secret ballot.
Britain is divided into 651 parliamentary constituencies. Each constituency is a geographical area: the voters who live in the area select one person to serve as a member of the House of Commons. The simple majority system of voting is used in parliamentary elections. This means that the candidate with the largest number of votes in each constituency is elected, although he or she may not necessarily have received more than half the votes cast. The election campaign lasts about three weeks. The election is decided on a simple majority – the candidate with most votes wins. An MP who wins by a small number of votes may have more votes against him (that is, for the other candidates) than for him. Many people think that it is unfair because the wishes of those who voted for the unsuccessful candidates are not represented at all. The British parliamentary system depends on political parties. The political parties choose candidates in elections. The party which wins the majority of seats forms the Government and its leader usually becomes Prime Minister. The Prime Minister chooses about 20 MPs from his or her party to become the Cabinet of Ministers. Each minister is responsible for a particular area of the government. The second largest party becomes the official opposition with its own leader and ‘Shadow Cabinet’. Leader of the Opposition is a recognized post in the House of Commons. The official title of the Opposition is Her or His Majesty’s Loyal Opposition.
The House of Commons
The House of Commons is made up of 659 elected members, known as Members of Parliament (MPs). The House of Commons is presided over by the Speaker, a member acceptable to the whole House. MPs sit on two sides of the hall, one side for the governing party and the other for the opposition. The first two rows of seats are occupied by the leading members of both parties (called ‘frontbenchers’).the back benches belong to the rank-and-file MPs (called ‘backbenchers’).Each session of the House of Commons lasts for 160-175 days. Parliament has intervals during its work. MPs are paid for their parliamentary work and have to attend the sittings. MPs have to catch the Speaker’s eye when they want to speak, then they rise from where they have been sitting to address the House and must do so without either reading a prepared speech or consulting notes.
Although there is some space given to other than government proposals, the lion’s share of parliamentary time is taken by the party in power. A proposed law, a bill, has to go through three stages in order to become an Act of Parliament. These are called readings. The first reading is a formality and is simply the publication of the proposal. The second reading involves debate on the principles of the bill, its examination by a parliamentary committee, and the third reading – a report stage, when the work of the committee is reported on to the House. This is usually the most important stage in the process. The third reading is often a formality too; if six members table a motion, then there has to be a debate on the third reading. If the majority of MPs still vote for the bill, it is sent to the House of Lords for discussion. When the Lords agree, the bill is taken to the Queen for Royal assent. All bills must pass through both houses before being sent for signature by the Queen, when they become Acts of Parliament and the Law of the Land.