Unit 3 -Travel

Almost all people are fond of travelling. People may travel either for pleasure or on business. There are various methods of travelling. For me there is nothing like travel by air; it is more comfortable, more convenient and, of course, far quicker than any other method. There is none of the dust and dirt of a railway or car journey, none of the trouble of changing from train to steamer and then to another train. There are a lot of problems, that business travelers met in the airport and on board. Probably the main problem is seating requests.Some people want an aisle, some people want a window, some people want to sit next to their colleague. One of the other things we get is downgrading. Sometimes all airlines have to oversell flights and have to downgrade passengers to a lower class - for example from First to Business Class or Business to Economy. There are also problems with baggage. Passengers' baggage may have been lost or damaged on flights. The abusive passenger is becoming a world-wide problem. Also many cases of misbehavior are down to passengers suffering from jet lag. Jet lag – is the tired and confused feeling you can get after flying a very long distance. One of the answers to the question “How to attract customers?” is to solve all the problems connected with the flight and to make the trip as comfortable as possible. To make the traveling easier in the future, however, trips will involve much less human contact. It will begin with airline and hotel reservations being made by voice recognition. Your secretary will then check you in and select you a seat using a digital interactive television.

Unit 8- Organization

In business there are many legal forms of organization. The form of organization means the type of ownership. Three main types of ownership are the sole proprietorship, a partnership, and the corporation. A sole proprietorship is a business owned and operated by one person. The single person can start a business by simply purchasing the necessary goods and equipment and opening up shop. This person makes all decisions, takes all the risks and keeps all the profits of the business. The owner must pay personal income taxes on his profits. The sole proprietor has the opportunity to be successful but he also runs the risk of financial ruin.

A partnership consists of two or more people who share the ownership of a business. In this form both owners make decision. They pay only personal income taxes on their share of profits. A partnership usually has more capital than a sole proprietorship. The corporation is very different from both others forms of organization. Forming a corporation is not easy. There are many legal procedures to follow. The ownership of the corporation is divided into shares of stock. The stocks owners note for a board of directors who hire a president. The board of directors also decides what to do with corporation`s profits. The profits are taxed once as corporate profits and then the individual stock holders pay personal income taxes on their dividends. After all we see that the main differences between the types of ownership are in their ability to raise capital, the size and continuity of the enterprise, the disposition of the profits, etc. The current buzzword in working world is flexibility. This has a number of related meanings. In case of flexible working personnel practices hot-desking and only need to come into the office occasionally. Another type of flexibility has existed for some time in the form of flextime or flextime where people can choose when they work within certain limits. The third type of flexibility is where employees are recruited on short contracts to work on specific project.