Active Vocabulary

Muscle – мускул; м'яз

edible – їстівний

tissue – тканина

mammal – ссавець

cattle – велика рогата худоба

consumption – споживання

associate – асоціюватися

daunt – залякувати

salting – засолювати, консервувати

sophisticated – витончений (про смак, манери)

ratio– пропорція; коефіцієнт;

preservation– консервування

veal– телятина

utility– корисність; вигідність

saturated fat – насичені жири

flavor – аромат; запах

drastically – рішуче

Task 1

Match words with their meanings

1	meat	a	the flesh of the calf used as food
2	pork	b	any domesticated bovine mammals
3	veal	c	taste perceived in food or liquid in the mouth
4	cattle	d	the flesh of various bovine animals, esp. the cow, when killed for eating
5	flavor	e	the flesh of mammals used as food, as distinguished from that of birds and fish
6	steak	f	any of a class of naturally occurring soft greasy solids that are esters of glycerol and certain fatty acids
7	fat	g	the science or occupation of cultivating land and rearing crops and livestock; farming
8	agriculture	h	expenditure on goods and services for final personal use 3) the quantity consumed
9	beef	i	any of various cuts of beef of varying quality, used for braising, stewing, etc
10	consumption	j	the flesh of pigs used as food

Task 2

Fill in the gaps with the given words to complete the text

source preservation flesh packing consumption lamb poultry countries domesticated rituals traditions popularity

Meat is animal ₁₎_____ that is eaten as food. In commerce, meat is generally used by the meat ₂₎_____ industry in a more restrictive sense – the flesh of mammalian species (pigs, cattle, lambs, etc.) raised and prepared for human ₃₎_____, to the exclusion of fish, ₄₎_____, and other animals. Usage varies worldwide by culture, and some ₅₎______ such as India have large populations that avoid the consumption of all or most kinds of meat.

The consumption of meat has various ₆₎______ and ₇₎_____ associated with it in different cultures. ₈₎____ is just now becoming popular in America, and pork is gaining in ₉₎_____ as a lean meat option. But by far, the favorite meat in the United States is beef. Historically, the cow’s size made it more valuable as a draft animal than a ₁₀₎_____ of food. The logistics of slaughtering such a large animal were daunting. ₁₁₎_______ methods revolved around salting, and such methods were not very sophisticated.

Unless there was a real crowd to feed, lamb was a more popular choice. But modern Americans love cows. They no longer harness the strength of the cow, but the meat, milk, and hide easily make it the world’s most important ₁₂₎_____ animal.

Unit 6

Text 1