CONTENTS							xvii
CHAPTER								PAGE
12.12	MODULATION (VIBRATO) ••.•.•			...•......		•.•	..••..	•..•...	574
12.13	MINIMUM PERCEPTIBLE DIFFERENCES • ....................								574
12.14	TIMBRE (TONE QUALITy) . • ...........				• ..	• ..............			576
12.15	DURATION . •• ...	•• . • ....	• ........		•• ............		• ....	• . •	576
12.16	GROWTH AND DECAy •.......		•.•••		.....••...		•..•....	•.••	576
12.17	AUDITORY LOCALIZATION •..		•••......		•••.•....		•••..	•••••.	576
12.18	DELAY EFFECT • ........	• ...	• .. ...	•	• .......		• ........	• ...	577
12.19	HEARING ACUITY IN THE UNITED STATES POPULATION .....								577
12.20	THE FREQUENCY AND VOLUME RANGES OF SPEECH AND
	MUSIC . •• ... • ...	• ... • ..............			•• .......		• .....	• . • .	579

12.21THE EFFECT OF FREQUENCY DISCRIMINATION, AMPLITUDE, FREQUENCY SHIFT, REVERBERATION, NONLINEAR DISTORTION

AND NOISE UPON THE ARTICULATION OF REPRODUCED SPEECH 580

12.22THE EFFECT OF FREQUENCY DISCRIMINATION UPON THE

	QUALITY OF REPRODUCED MUSIC	..... •	........ • ......	• ...	587
12.23	ABSOLUTE AMPLITUDES AND SPECTRA OF SPEECH, MUSICAL
	INSTRUMENTS AND ORCHESTRAS .	........ ..	............	. ..	587
12.24	NOISE IN REPRODUCING SySTEMS	........... ........	•	•• ..	591
12.25	ROOM NOISE AND THE REPRODUCTION OF .......SOUND			•.. •	592
12.26	COMBINATION TONES AND NONLINEAR TRANSDUCERS ......				594
12.27	EFFECT OF NONLINEAR DISTORTION UPON THE QUALITY OF
	REPRODUCED SPEECH AND MUSIC .... ......	• .... ......	•••	•	595

12.28FREQUENCY RANGES OF S:>UND REPRODUCIN"G SYSTEMS ..... 598

12.29FREQUENCY RANGE PREFERENCE FOR REPRODUCED SPEECH

AND MUSIC

....

• ......

• ...

•• . • ....

• ........

• ...

•• ......

600

12.30 FREQUENCY

RANGE

PREFERENCE

FOR

LIVE SPEECH AND

MUSIC ••••....

•.•...

•.•.••.••........

•....

•.••.....

•••

601

12.31 FREQUENCY RANGE

PREFERENCE FOR STEREOPHONIC REPRO­

DUCED SPEECH AND MUSIC...............

. ............

. .

603

12.32 COMPARISON

OF LIVE

AND

REPRODUCED SYMPHONY OR­

CHESTRA . . .

• . .

. . . . .

. .

. . . . .

. • . • . . .

. • . .

• . .

. . . • . • • • . • .

. • •.

606

12.33 FUNDAMENTAL

FREQUENCY

RANGES OF VOICES AND Mu-

SICAL INSTRUMENTS

•..

• . • • . • • . . . .

. . • .

. . .

. • . • • .

. . . . .

. • ••

610

12.34

MUSICAL SCALE .......

. ....

• .....................

• .....

611

12.35 ELECTRICAL MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS . • ...................

•

612

12.36

ELECTRONIC

MUSIC

SyNTHESIZER .......

•.

.. • ............

613

12.37

PHONETIC TyPEWRITER .................

• ....

•• ..

• ......

619

XIII. COMPLETE SOUND REPRODUCING SYSTEMS

13.1

INTRODUCTION

..... • ........

• .....

• ............

•• ...

•• .

625

13.2

DISTORTION AND NOISE CONSIDERATIONS

...

• ..............

626

13.3

SOUND SYSTEMS .....................................

• .

628

A. Monaural System

.................................

629

B. Binaural

System

..................................

631

C. Auditory Perspective System.......................

633

13.4

TELEPHONE ..••.••.•....

•..

•.•...

••..

•....

•..•.•.•..

•..

633

13.5

MAGNETIC TAPE SOUND REPRODUCING SYSTEM ............

634

A. Monaural

Magnetic Tape Sound

Reproducing System 634