2. Дайте відповідь на наступні питання:
When had stage craft begun to be used in theatre?
What kinds of special effects machinery were used in Greek theatre?
How and for what was the technique of flying achieved?
What is ekkykahma?
How were the ill characters portrayed (according to the traditions of Greek theatre)?
How was stage craft changed during the Elizabethan period?
What had really changed the direction of stage craft?
Is painting important part of the set?
How are flats created on the stage?
3. Випишіть до словнику наступні слова та словосполучення, перекладіть на українську мову та вивчить їх напам’ять:
stage craft
machinery
roof
special effects
device
counterweights
ancient
to roll
to portray
ill character
practical purpose
backdrop
to hide
to change
mask
to be consistent with the plot
to change drastically
electricity
stage lighting
painting of the set
to create different moods
to fix the seams
strips of muslin
fabric
masking tape
instead of
smooth
Задание 1.
a) Замените придаточные предложения инфинитивными оборотами.
Образец: He is so old that he cannot skate. He is too old to skate.
1. She has got so fat that she cannot wear this dress now. 2. The accident was so terrible that I don't want to talk about it. 3. They were so empty-headed that they could not learn a single thing. 4. The window was so dirty that they could not see through it.
b) Переведите, обращая внимание на инфинитив.
1. Isn't it natural that we like to be praised and don't like to be scolded? 2. Which is more pleasant: to give or to be given presents? 3. He is very forgetful, but he doesn't like to be reminded of his duties. 4. The child was happy to have been brought home. 5. Jane remembered to have been told a lot about Mr. Rochester. 6. The children were delighted to have been brought to the circus. 7. I am sorry to have spoilt your mood. 8. Maggie was very sorry to have forgotten to feed the rabbits.
Задание 2. Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму инфинитива.
1. I hate (to bother) you, but the students are still waiting (to give) books for their work. 2. He seized every opportunity (to appear) in public: he was so anxious (to talk) about. 3. Is there anything else (to tell) her? I believe she deserves (to know) the state of her sick brother. 4. He began writing books not because he wanted (to earn) a living. He wanted (to read) and not (to forget). 5. I consider myself lucky (to be) to that famous exhibition and (to see) so many wonderful paintings.
Задание 3. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на Participle 1 и Participle II.
a) A fish taken out of the water cannot live.
b) A person taking a sun-bath must be very careful.
c) Taking a dictionary, he began to translate the text.
a) A line seen through this crystal looks double.
b) A teacher seeing a mistake in a student's dictation always corrects it.
c) Seeing clouds of smoke over the house, the girl cried: "Fire! Fire!"
Задание 4. Выберите из скобок требующуюся форму причастия.
1 .a) The girl (writing, written) on the blackboard
is our best pupil.
b) Everything (writing, written) here is quite right.
2. a) The house (surrounding, surrounded) by tall trees is very beautiful.
b) The wall (surrounding, surrounded) the house was very high.
3. a) Who is that boy (doing, done) his homework at that table?
b) The exercises (doing, done) by the pupils were easy.
4. a) The girl (washing, washed) the floor is my sister.
b) The floor (washing, washed) by Helen looked very clean.
5. a) We listened to the girls (singing, sung) Russian folk songs.
b) We listened to the Russian folk songs (singing, sung) by the girls.
Задание 5. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные формы герундия.
1. Watching football matches may be exciting enough, but of course it is more exciting playing football. 2. She stopped coming to see us, and I wondered what had happened to her. 3. Can you remember having seen the man before? 4. She was terrified of having to speak to anybody, and even more, of being spoken to. 5. He was on the point of leaving the club, as the porter stopped him. 6. After being corrected by the teacher, the students' papers were returned to them. 7. I wondered at my mother's having allowed the journey. 8. I understand perfectly your wishing to start the work at once. 9. Everybody will discuss the event, there is no preventing it. 10. At last he broke the silence by inviting everybody to walk into the dining-room. 11. On being told the news she turned pale. 12. The place is worth visiting. 12. I avoided speaking to them about that matter.13. She burst out crying. 14. They burst out laughing. 15. She denied having been at home that evening. 16. He enjoyed talking of the pleasures of travelling. 17. Excuse my leaving you at such a moment. 18. Please forgive my interfering. 19. He gave up smoking a few years ago. 20. They went on talking. 21. He keeps insisting on my going to the south. 22. Oh please do stop laughing at him. 23. Do you mind my asking you a difficult question? 24. Would you mind coming again in a day or two? 14. I don't mind wearing this dress. 25. She could not help smiling. 16. I cannot put off doing this translation. 26. Though David was tired, he went on walking in the direction of Dover.
Задание 6. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из следующих времен: Present Continuous, Present Simple, Past Simple или Future Simple.
1. Various kinds of sports (to be) popular in Russia. 2. Both children and grown-ups (to be) fond of sports. 3. What (to be) the matter with her? She (to be) so excited. - I (not to know). 4. Where you (to go)? - I (to go) to the Dynamo stadium to see the match which (to take) place there today. 5. You (to know) that very interesting match (to take) place last Sunday? 6. He (to go) to the south a week ago. 7. When I (to be) about fifteen years old, I (to enjoy) playing football. 8. Our football team (to win) many games last year. 9. Where (to be) Boris? - He (to play) chess with his friend. 10. I (to be) sorry I (to miss) the match yesterday. But I (to know) the score. It (to be) 4 to 2 in favour of the Spartak team. 11. Nellie (to leave) for Moscow tomorrow. 12. I (to be) in a hurry. My friends (to wait) for me. 13. You (to be) at the theatre yesterday. You (to like) the opera? — Oh yes, I (to enjoy) it greatly. 14. You (to go) to London next summer?
Задание 7. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple или Past Continuous.
1. When I (to come) home, my little sister (to sleep). 2. When Nick (to come) home, his brother (to play) with his toys. 3. When mother (to come) home, I (to do) my homework. 4. When father (to come) home, Pete (to sleep). 5. When mother (to come) home, the children (to play) on the carpet. 6. When I (to get) up, my mother and father (to drink) tea. 7. When I (to come) to my friend's place, he (to watch) movie. 8. When I (to see) my friends, they (to play) football. 9. When I (to open) the door, the cat (to sit) on the table. 10. When Kate (to open) the door, the children (to dance) round the fir-tree. 11. When Tom (to cross) the street, he (to fall). 12. When I (to go) to school, I (to meet) my friend. 13. When we (to go) to the cinema, we (to meet) grandmother. 14. When grandmother (to go) home, she (to see) many children in the yard. 15. When Henry (to walk) about in the forest, he (to find) a bear cub. 16. When we (to walk) about in the forest, we (to see) a hare. 17. When I (to wash) the floor, I (to find) my old toy under the sofa. 18. When granny (to read) a book on the sofa, she (to fall) asleep. 19. When I (to play) in the yard, I suddenly (to see) my old friend. 20. When Nick (to run) about in the yard, he (to fall).