Лекции по ТММ
.pdf
) '(%
.
P =
P1 = P! × h1
P2 = P1 × h2 = P! × h1 × h2
P - = Pm-1 × hm = P! × h1 × h2 × × hm
h = P - = |
P! × h1 × h2 × × hm = h × h |
× × h |
m |
P |
1 2 |
|
|
P! |
|
|
|
|
m |
|
|
|
h = ∏ hi |
|
|
|
i=1 |
|
|
) '(% .
|
|
!1 = b1 × |
! |
!2 = b2 × |
! |
!m = bm × |
! |
bi ± $ ". b1 + b2 + b3 +… + bm = 1
' b .
|
|
P - = P - 1 + P - 2 + + P - m |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
h = |
P - = |
P!1 × h1 + P!2 × h2 + + P!m × hm = |
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
P |
P! |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
= |
P! ×b1 × h1 + P! ×b2 × h2 + + P! ×bm × hm |
= b × h + b |
2 |
× h |
2 |
+ + b |
m |
× h |
m |
||
|
|||||||||||
|
|
P! |
1 1 |
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
m
h = bi × hi
i=1
3. " .
-. . ( $ ,
. . . , ,
.
. ,
, "
, . 0. & " " "
:
1.1 "
( ),
.
2.3 +:
, , .
§3.1 .
# S = 0 ,
.
# S = 0 ,
- .
2 , ,. . S = 0 . * , aS = 0 , . .
|
S = m × aS |
S A |
|
' " , . * " ,
,
.
% ,
" " , ,
. ( $
" :
|
$ |
, |
|
. |
|
m = mA + mB
lAB = lAS + lBS mA lAS = mB lBS
3- .
2-
. # 2
m 2
. l 2,
2 3 . ,
$
m 2.l 2 = (m2C + m3C).lBC
( $
l 2,
l 2 . m 1.l 1 = (m1B + m 2+ m2 + m2C+ m3C).lAB
( ,
,
1. & $
" , $ "
: = const
&$ ± ,
, . .
" ,
.
D,
1 3.
§3.2 5 ( . . 9).
± , "
± " ( ,
. .).
( - "
" .
1.ω=0 G=mg.
2.ω= nst
1) |
|
2) |
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
#
( %):
S + G + Q12 = 0
3 ,
"
Q12,
, S G , , $
.
, "
,
, / .
( " :
1.;
2.;
3.;
4..
. ( D ) ±
, S " ω2 :
D = m × e ,[$. ]
%
D,
, $
, .
,
D,
" ,
.
" 3 :
1.;
2.;
3.(" ).
) 145 7.
3.2.1 # &
.
,
", "
" .
:
" , ,
,
.
( " Dc . %
Dc " mk k
", $ " :
D = m × e
% ,
-DK = DCT
$ mk k ,
k mk.
&
".
. ,
"
.
"
.
5
,
+ -
. ' : D 1, D 2, D 3.
& , " ?
D 1 + D 2 + D 3 + D = 0
.
D = m × e
& Dk
.
! mk
k , k mk.
3.2.2 * &
.
, |
|
", |
|
"
g.
-
"
(
).
% , " "
M! = D!.l!
%
" .
& , , ±
.
D = m × e
M = l ´ D
%
M = -M!
,
" ,
" 2- " .
3.2.3! &
.
"
,
, .
( $ ",
g
".
D = m × e
& "
( ).
& $ ,
D = DI + DII
%
|
! I = |
|
! II |
M! = D!.l! |
l! = l |
D |
D |
1 "
( . . . 9).
& 1- " . % DI
" mk1 %1 ,
" 1-
DI = -DK I
DK I = mk1 × ek1
& 2-
DII = -DK II
DK II = mkII × ekII
%
" " . ( $ " 1- 2-
.
4. * .
& $
'(, :
1.$
;
2..
'(:
1.;
(
);
3.'(% (0,85 ± , 0,99 ±
).
6:
'(
. *
( ). §4.1 1 " '(.
%
, " '(, ,
" " ,
, .
§4.2 ' '(.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
vK 2 = vK1 + vK2 K1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
vK2 K1 = vCK |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 2 |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
" |
|
|
|
|
|
|
, |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
" |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
, |
||
. 4.4.1 |
|
|
-ω1. |
|||||
"
w1* = w1 + (-w1 ) = 0 w*2 = w2 + (-w1 ) = w2 - w1
v% = lKP × w*2 = lKP × (w2 - w1 )
% 6 VO2O1Vck ,
. ± 6 .
. ± .
# " , .
1 2 .
# ,
1 2.
) 145 8.
$ ± ,
.
(
. (
,
,
, :
,
, 1 2
, !
.
( |
|
|
|||
u1 2 |
= - |
ω1 |
= - O2P |
( . 4.4.1) |
|
w2 |
|||||
|
|
O1P |
|
||
"
:
1.( );
2.'(%.
$ .
§4.3 * .
7 "
KyNy rb. 2 ± ry. ONy || ττ
3 ONyKy ,
ry = |
rb |
(1) |
|
cos αy |
|||
|
|
. . KyNy ,
|
LNy = Ky Ny |
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
rb(θy + αy) = rb.tg αy |
|
||
|
θy = tg αy - αy |
(2) |
||
|
θy = inv αy |
|
||
θy ± ;
1 (1) 3 (2) $
.
α ± $ , "
.
α ± $ , "
r.
1 $ b, "
, : αb=0.
3.
1.7 $ .
( rb → ∞ ,$ "
( ).
2.( " KyNy $
.
3.* . &
$ .