3. In small groups, choose one of the areas in the diagram below and discuss what computers can do in this area.

Useful words

Formula 1: racing car, car body, design, mechanical parts, electronic components, engine speed.

Entertainment: game, music, animated image, multimedia, encyclopedia.

Factories: machinery, robot, production line, computer-aided manufacturing software.

Hospitals: patients, medical personnel, database program, records, scanner, diagnose, disease, robot, surgery.

Useful constructions

Computers are used to …; A PC can also be used for …; Computers can help … make … control … store … keep … provide … give … perform … measure … test … provide access to …

BLOCK IV

Topics for discussion and essays.

1. We are increasingly dependent on computers. They are used in business, hospitals, crime detection and even to fly planes. What things will they be used for in future? Is this dependence on computers a good thing or should we be more suspicious of their benefits?

2. What are advantages and limitations of laptop?

3. Should students be allowed to use laptops in class?

4. Do you agree with this statement that hand-held PCs combine the functions of traditional PCs, cellular phone and pocket organizers? Give your grounds.

LESSON 9

Youth Problems (Generation Gap, Drug Addiction, Depression, Crime, Youth Movements)

He is lifeless who is faultless.

A friend in need is a friend indeed.

If youth but know, and old age only could.

Youth is a disease from which we all recover.

The more man knows the greater power he has.

Growing old is mandatory; growing up is optional.

The years teach much which the days never knew.

We are only young once. That is all society can stand.

Introductory text

Notes to the text:

juvenile crime and delinquency – злочини і правопорушення молоді

gravity – важливість, серйозність

economic recession – економічний спад

marginalsector–граничний сектор, тут: околиця

offenders – кривдники

destitution – нестача, брак, злидні

criminaljusticesystem–система кримінального правосуддя

tocombat(ed) –боротися

self-esteem–відчуття власної гідності

to eradicate(d) contemporary forms of racism – знищувати сучасні форми расизму

regardless of – незважаючи на

intervention – втручання

Juvenile Crime

Juvenile crime and delinquency are serious problems all over the world. Their intensity and gravity depend mostly on the social, economic and cultural conditions in each country. There is evidence, however, of an apparent world-wide increase in juvenile criminality combined with economic recession, especially in marginal sectors of urban centres. In many cases, youth offenders are ‘street children’ who have been exposed to violence in their immediate social environment, either as observers or as victims. Their basic education, when they have it, is poor; their primary socialization from the family is too often inadequate; and their socio-economic environment is shaped by poverty and destitution. Rather than relying solely on the criminal justice system, approaches to the prevention of violence and crime should thus include measures to support equality and justice, to combat poverty and to reduce hopelessness among young people.

Governments should give priority to issues and problems of juvenile delinquency and youth criminality, with particular attention to preventive policies and programmes. Rural areas should be provided with adequate socioeconomic opportunities and administrative services which could discourage young people from migrating to urban areas. Youth from poor urban settings should have access to specific educational, employment and leisure programmes, particularly during long school holidays. Young people who drop out of school or come from broken families should benefit from specific social programmes that help them build self-esteem and confidence conducive to responsible adulthood.

Youth organizations should also consider organizing information campaigns and educational and training programmes in order to sensitize youth to the personally and socially detrimental effects of violence in the family, community and society, to teach them how to communicate without violence and to promote training so that they can protect themselves and others against violence. Governments should also develop programmes to promote tolerance and better understanding among youth, with a view to eradicating contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance and thereby prevent violence.

Regardless ofthe many changes that have taken place in the composition and structure of families globally, the family, as the primary institution of socialization of youth, continues to play an important role in the prevention of juvenile delinquency and underage crime. The most effective prevention efforts focus on the families of troubled youth, including those young people with serious behavioural problems.

In brief, to prevent violent behaviour and address delinquency, communities have to adopt strategies that combine such actions as prevention and intervention, as well as suppression.