module1_sample

Module 1

Unit 2 ● Jobs on the Rig

6. Read the text «Measurements».

The petroleum industry in the UK changed to the metric (SI) system of measurement in 1976 .This change, however, has not been a complete one. In most countries of the world, pipes, bits, threaded connections etc. are manufactured to American Petroleum Institute (API) standards. For this reason and others (e.g., API gravity), workers in the oil business have to be familiar with American systems of measurement.

‘‘ — inch or inches

‘— foot or feet

7.Write figures for the following.

1.	Seven and three quarter inch bit.	_________
2.	Two and seven eighths inch OD pipe.	_________
3.	Three thirty foot sections of drill pipe.	_________
4.	Eight and a half inch diameter hole.	_________
5.	Twelve hundred foot length of half inch wire.	_________
6.	Hundred and forty five foot derrick.	_________
7.	Thirty seven and a half inch rotary table hole.	_________
8.	One and three quarter inch wire rope.	_________
9.	Eighteen and five eighths inch OD surface casing.	_________
10.	Ten and three quarter inch casing.	_________
11.	Nine and five eighths inch intermediate casing string	_________
12.	One sixteenth inch OD tube.	_________
13.	Two and a half inch square drive tool.	_________
14.	Sixteen and three quarter inch flexible joint.	_________
15.	Thirteen and three eighths inch casing shoe.	_________
8.	Choose the right words.

a.A tongman is a (roughneck/roustabout) who (attaches/detaches/ handles) the tongs (above/in/below) the rotary table.

b.Slips are (iron/steel) wedges fitted with (teeth/points). The slips are dropped into the (master/mister) bushings in the rotary table to (join/secure) drill pipe or casing in the table when making up or braking (in/off/out).

c.Dope is a (lubricate/lubricant). It's a medium thick (oil/greasy/oily) which is used on pipe and casing threads when (making/breaking) (in/off/up/out).

d.The (toolpusher/driller) is responsible (for/to) the drilling superintendent (for/to) all rig operations and (for/to) (making/make) sure that all (necessary/essential) tools, equipment, services and materials are available as required.

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Unit 2 ● Jobs on the Rig

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e.The job of a reservoir engineer is to get (minimum/maximum) recovery at (minimum/maximum) cost to the company.

f.Slips are (iron/steel) wedges fitted with (teeth/points). The slips are dropped into the (master/mister) bushings in the rotary table to (join/secure) drill pipe or casing in the table when making up or braking (in/off/out).

g.Dope is a (lubricate/lubricant). It's a medium thick (oil/greasy/oily) which is used on pipe and casing threads when (making/breaking) (in/off/up/out).

h.The (toolpusher/driller) is responsible (for/to) the drilling superintendent (for/to) all rig operations and (for/to) (making/make) sure that all (necessary/essential) tools, equipment, services and materials are available as required.

i.The job of a reservoir engineer is to get (minimum/maximum) recovery at (minimum/maximum) cost to the company.

Listening

Listen to the conversation between Mac and Ian.

Mac:	I'm going, Ian. I've decided and that's that.
Ian:	Ach, Mac, you're crazy. The rigs are no good, not for a
	roustabout. Don't go. Change your mind, man.
Mac:	The money's good, Ian. You must admit the money's good.
Ian:	Och aye, the money's all right, with overtime and all hat. But you
	don't know what it's like to be a roustabout out there. You just
	don't know, Mac.
Mac:	Okay, Ian, you tell me what it's like to be a roustabout, and I’ll
	still tell you the money's bloody good.
Ian:	Sure, you'll come back from a spell offshore with 500 quid in the
	bank. But what's 500 quid if you slip on a greasy deck and land
	in the drink? You'll not swim in 40 foot waves in winter, I'll tell
	you that.
Mac:	Well, if that's all, I'll wear a bloody lifejacket, Ian.
Ian:	Lifejacket. Look, Mac, how would you like to hose down the rig
	sides and equipment for six hours at a stretch?
Mac:	Six hours?
Ian:	Aye. And scraping rust. You'll scrape rust all day long. And day
	after day, at that. And that's no joke.
Mac:	H’mm. Aye. I suppose not.

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Module 1	Unit 2 ● Jobs on the Rig
Ian:	And you'll paint all tour long, too. And if there's no real wok,
	you'll make work. You'll pain a pipe white one day and if there's
	no work the next day you’ll paint he same bloody pipe blue.
Mac:	Now, you're not serious, Ian.
Ian:	Oh, I'm serious, Mac. I'm serious, all right. Why do you think I quit?
Mac:	Why did you quit?
Ian:	Am I not telling you? Because it's monotonous, Mac, that's why.
Mac:	Routine?
Ian:	Aye, routine. That's the word. Scrape and paint and hose down.
	Hose down and scrape and paint.
Mac:	I thought it might be a bit more interesting than that.
Ian:	Well, it isn't. Change your mind, Mac.
Mac:	I'll think about it, Ian. I'll think about it.

10. Do the exercise based on the conversation between Mac and Ian.

a.Choose the right expression: ‘Land in the drink means’:

1.Drink too much.

2.Fall into the water.

3.Jump into the water.

b.Choose the right expression: ‘For six hour at a stretch means’:

1.For six hours every tour.

2.For six hour out of twelve.

3.For six hours without stopping.

c.How much is one pound sterling in your own currency? In your own currency, how much is 500 quid?

d.Ian doesn't work as a roustabout anymore. He is quite. Why?

e.Mac says that «the money’s bloody good» for offshore workers. Later, he says that he’ll «wear a bloody lifejacket». What's the function of «bloody» in these expressions? A word of similar meaning is «damn». Do you now any others?

f.Why might a roustabout paint a pipe blue today if he painted it white yesterday?

g.Offshore crews generally work two weeks on and then take two weeks off. How many days are there in a spell offshore?

11. Listen to the conversation between Martin and Paul.

Martin:	I say, Paul.
Paul:	Yes?
Martin:	Let's have a look at stand 34.
Paul:	What's over there, Martin?
Martin:	Subsea Christmas trees. Want to see?
Paul:	Why not. They'll be worth looking at.

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Unit 2 ● Jobs on the Rig		Module 1
Martin:	Let's go over then.
Paul:	Right. Stand 34. Come on, there it is.
	(they go over to stand 34)
Martin:	Interesting, Paul?
Paul:	Yes, very.
Martin:	Diverless, too.
Paul:	That's an important feature.
Martin:	I'll be happier, though, when we all go solid block.
Paul:	Me too.
Martin:	Well then, seen enough?
Paul:	Enough for one day.
Martin:	How about a cup of coffee?
Paul:	Lead the way, Martin.

12.Do the exercise based on the conversation between Martin and Paul.

a.What do you think Martin and Paul are doing? Where are they? What makes you think so? What's stand 34?

b.The subsea trees on stand 34 don't require divers to install them. Why is this an important feature?

c.Choose the right expression: ‘When we all go solid block’ means:

1.When we all have a look at trees such as these.

2.When we all start using trees such as these.

3.When we all build solid block trees such as these.

d.‘Seen enough?’ means ‘Have you seen enough?’ Make complete sentences for these short expressions: Broken it out? Decided yet? Got it ready? Finished so soon? Understood?

e.Who will arrive at the coffee bar first? Why?

Grammar

13.Put the verbs in brackets into the Passive form, as in the example. Example:

«…a roughneck may have to be told what to do». «A well may also have to be deviated…»

«The hole (may have to abandon) if these problems aren't solved soon».

1.Before kick off, the abandoned section (will have to plug off).

2.If the junk can't be recovered or pushed into the side of the hole, it (will have to by pass).

3.This job's urgent. It (will have to do) immediately.

4.Gas for which there is no convenient market (may have to flare).

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Unit 2 ● Jobs on the Rig

14.Use having + past participle to express the following in a shorter way. Example:

«Having worked for a time as a roustabout, a man might be ready for the job of roughneck».

The same idea can be expressed in this longer way: «After he has worked for a time as a roustabout, a man might reready for the job of roughneck».

1.Now that they have moved their engine outside of the hazardous area, the wireline crew is ready to start. (Having moved…)

2.After they had corrected the angle, they kicked the hole off.

3.When he had made sure that the tools were properly assembled, the toolpusher gave the order to run in.

4.When he had listened to Ian's story, Mac changed his mind.

5.Because of the fact that he has actually worked on an offshore rig, Ian knows very well what it's like to be a roustabout in the North Sea.

Revision Box

15.Notice how the following paragraph has been built up from information contained in this Unit and write similar paragraphs to describe the jobs of driller, derrickman, roustabout, tongman.

The toolpush is responsible to the drilling superintendent. He is in charge of the day to day running of rig operations, and must make sure that all necessary tools.

16.Fill in the gaps with given words and word combinations: boll weevil; clock; crew; daylight; drilling; 8 a.m. to 4 p.m.; 4 p.m. to 12; floor; graveyard tour; hazard; jobs; polytechnic; rotary; the mousehole; twelve hour; valve or misunderstood.

1.________ is one of those ________ where a man has to work his way up.

2.Even if a man has a university or ________ education, most oil companies will want him to get rig experience by working on the ________ with the rotary ________ for a certain period. 3. A ________ , even if he is well educated, can be a highly dangerous person around the ________ table. 4. He may be a danger to himself (by breaking a leg in ________ , for example), and may be a ________ to the other members of the crew. 5. What might happen, for instance, if he opened the wrong ________ or ________ an urgent instruction? 6. Rigs operate around the ________. 7. The period from

________ a.m. to p.m. is the ________ tour, ________ p.m. to ________

midnight is the afternoon tour, and 12 midnight to 8 a.m. is referred to as

________ . 8. Offshore crews usually work ________ tours.

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17. Describe the device or the process.

1.Career on the rig (step by step).

2.Shifts.

18. Translate sentences into English.

1.Бурение — это та сфера деятельности, где человек в состоянии проложить себе дорогу наверх собственноручно.

2.Даже если человек имеет высшее или техническое образование, большинство нефтяных компаний захотят, чтобы он приобрел опыт, работая непосредственно на буровой.

3.Любой новичок, пусть даже и имеющий образование, может стать причиной травм, как для себя, так и для других членов бурильной бригады.

4.Чернорабочий выполняет работу, не требующую высокой квалификации, например, соскребает ржавчину, носит бочки со смазкой, разгружает различные материалы.

5.Верховой работает на высоте от 60 до 90 футов над поверхностью вышки, почти на самом верху буровой установки, и в его обязанности входит соединение или отсоединение подъемников при спуске или подъеме из скважины каких либо труб, он также очищает, смазывает и чинит лебедки и провода, которые используются при этом.

6.Вышки работают в круглосуточном режиме.

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Module 1

Unit 3 ● Fishing Jobs

1. Study the following vocabulary before reading.

item	each thing in a group or list of things.
latching on to	getting hold of.
hoisting up	raising into position using rope or wire.
bore	the inside diameter of a pipe or tube.
diameter	the length of a straight line through the center of an object.
therefore	for this reason; because of this.
grip	hold with force.
inner	situated farther in. The opposite of «inner» is «outer».
bit cutters	the teeth of the bit are in the bit cutters. The cutters hold the
	teeth of the drill bit.
hard faced	having the outer surfaces made of very hard metal.
spring loaded	closing quickly, powered by sprigs.
is broken out	is unscrewed and separated.
rathole	the rathole is a shallow hole near a corner of the rig floor. The
	kelly stands in the rathole when it isn't needed.
stands	stands are 90 ft. sections of drill pipe. A stand is made up of
	three joints or singles, all joined together.
are stood back	are placed on end; are stood back.
toolpusher	the person in charge of all operations on the rig. A toolpusher
	can tell a driller what to do. Some oilmen also use the word
	«toolpush».

Reading

2.Read the following passage. Remember to look under Notes if you have difficulties. The diagrams will also help you with unknown words and expressions.

Sometimes, items of drilling equipment get lost in the borehole. When an item of equipment is lost in the hole, it's called a «fish». A lost item is also called «junk». Drilling cannot continue until the fish or the junk is recovered from the hole. To recover the lost item, a fishing job is necessary. Special fishing tools are used for latching on to the fish and hoisting it up to the surface. There are many types of fishing tools. For example, there is a type of fishing tool called a «junk basket», there is another type called a «spear». Look at the diagrams.

As you can see, these fishing tools are different. The spear is used for recovering the casing. The spear enters the bore of the lost pipe. The diameter

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Unit 3 ● Fishing Jobs

Module 1

of the spear, therefore, must be smaller then the diameter of the pipe in the hole. When the spear enters the pipe, its teeth push out and grip the inner sides of the pipe tightly. That is usually possible to hoist the fish out of the borehole.

The junk basket is used for latching on to the smaller pieces of junk. It's used for recovering the bit cutters, for example. The bottom part of the basket is a shoe with hard faced teeth. The shoe has a hole in its center. The fish is forced through the hole and enters the barrel of the basket. Spring loaded fingers prevent the fish from dropping out of the barrel and falling back into the well.

Before a fishing job can begin, the string must be tripped out of the hole. First the kelly is broken out and is set in the rathole. Then the string is broken out in stands and the stands are stood back

on the rig floor. When all of stands are stood back,

Figure 1.5

the fishing can begin. The toolpusher takes charge of the fishing operation.

Figure 1.6

3. Answer the following questions.

1.Why is junk basket hollow?

2.Why are there many types of fishing tools?

3.What is the toolpusher's job?

4.Where is the rathole? What is it used for?

5.What is a spear for? What's a junk basket for?

6.How does a spear hold a lost piece of pipe?

7.Before a fishing job can begin, the string must be tripped out of the hole. Why?

8.A string is 3,960 feet long. How many stands is it made up of? How many singles is it made up of?

9.What is the difference between «diameter» and «bore»?

10.The string is tripped out of the hole in stands, not in singles. What is the reason for this?

Language development

4.Find English equivalents for these words and word combinations in the text:

1.аварийное оборудование

2.бурильное оборудование

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Unit 3 ● Fishing Jobs

3.ведущая бурильная труба

4.колокол, колонна бурильных труб

5.ловильные работы

6.нора

7.скважина

8.свечи

9.труболовка

5.Choose the words and expressions to complete the paragraph below: in charge of, junk, toolpusher, item, run back in, fished, tools, lost, tripped.

When an ________ of drilling equipment is ________ in the hole, it must be ________ out. The person usually ________ the fishing operation is the

________ . The string is ________ out of the borehole and fishing ________

are run in. After the ________ recovered, the string is ________ and drilling can begin again.

6.Look at this example below and make the sentences in the same way. Choose the right words.

Junk is (lose/lost/losing) equipment in the hole. Junk is lost equipment in the hole.

1.A stand is made up of three singles, all (joint/joining/joined) together.

2.Would you mind (to repeat/repeating/repeat) that, please?

3.Spears are smaller in diameter (from/than/to) the bore of the drill pipe.

4.The rathole is (in/on/at) a corner (to/from/of) the rig floor.

5.Most derricks are (between/to/of) 100 and 136 ft. (deep/long/high).

7.Write the sentences as in the example for the other areas. Begin with the USA, North Africa and Australia.

Example: In the Middle East in 1976, oil consumption was seventy three million tones and production was one thousand, one hundred million tones. Сonsumption was less than production by one thousand, twenty three million tones.

In the USA in 1976, ______________________________________

_____________________________________________________

In North Africa in 1976, __________________________________

____________________________________________________

In Australia in 1976, _____________________________________

____________________________________________________

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Unit 3 ● Fishing Jobs

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Listening

8. Listen to the conversation between Keith, Barry and Peter.

Keith is from the Petrolleum Programme, a BBC radio series about the language of the oil industry.

Keith: How do you do, Barry. My name's Keith. I'm from the Petroleum

Programme.

Barry: How do you do. Can I help you?

Keith: Would you mind explaining what the driller and the floorman are doing? I notice they're not drilling today. The rotary table isn't turning. And where has the kelly gone?

Barry: Well, first of all, the kelly's over there. In that hole over there, in the corner of the derrick floor. See?

Keith: Oh yes, I see it. And is that the rathole it's standing in? Peter: That's what we call it. How did you know that?

Barry: Yes, you're certainly right. When we're not using the kelly, we set it in the rathole, in the derrick floor.

Keith: Why is the kelly in the rathole now?

Barry: Because we've pulled out. We've hoisted the pipe out of the hole. We've stacked the pipe and we can't do any drilling because there's a fish in the hole.

Peter: We've going to fish for it now. We're getting the fishing tools ready. Keith: But what is a «fish»? What does that word mean? Would you

mind explaining it please?

Peter: Barry?

Barry: Sure. A fish is something we've lost in the hole. Sometimes it's a tool or another piece of equipment. Sometimes it's a part of the drilling string.

Peter: Today it's one of the cutters. We've lost one of the cutters from the bit. It's in the hole.

Barry: So, we're going to fish for it. Keith: When do you think you'll catch it?

Peter: Oilmen don't say «catch» a fish, Keith.

Barry: We say «latch on to» a fish. We're going to try to latch on to the cutter now. We're going to use special fishing tools.

Peter: And I sure hope we latch on to that fish soon. Barry: So do I. Then we can run the drilling string in again… Peter: … and hoist the kelly out of the rathole…

Barry: … and start making hole again.

Keith: Good luck, then. I hope you latch on to that fish soon. Peter: Thanks a lot, Keith.

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