LR_TE_SEUt_1

Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 1 – Ɉɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ:

1 – ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɩɨ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɢɡɟɥɟɣ ɫ ɝɚɡɨɬɭɪɛɢɧɧɵɦ ɧɚɞɞɭɜɨɦ; 2 – ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɩɨ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɜɭɯ- ɢ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯɬɚɤɬɧɵɯ ɞɢɡɟɥɟɣ ɫ ɧɚɞɞɭɜɨɦ ɨɬ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɚ; 3 – ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɩɨ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣɢɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɞɜɭɯɬɚɤɬɧɵɯɞɢɡɟɥɟɣɛɟɡɧɚɞɞɭɜɚ;

4 – ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɪɿ(Ɇɟ)= const; 5 – ɜɧɟɲɧɹɹ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ; 6 – ɜɧɟɲɧɹɹɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɩɟɪɟɝɪɭɡɨɱɧɨɝɨɪɟɠɢɦɚ.

ɍ ɞɢɡɟɥɟɣ ɫ ɝɚɡɨɬɭɪɛɢɧɧɵɦ ɧɚɞɞɭɜɨɦ, ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɟɧɱɚɬɨɝɨ ɜɚɥɚ ɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɦ ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɭɡɤɚɦ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɬɚɤɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɢɡɟɥɟɣ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ.

ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɫɬɜɨ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ, ɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬ, ɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɫɬɜɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɩɚɞɨɜ ɜ ɞɟɬɚɥɹɯ ɐɉȽ. Ɍɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɫɬɜɚ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɶ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɨɣ:

Ɍɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ Ɍs ɦɚɥɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ, ɚ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɪs ɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɛɵɫɬɪɟɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɩ, ɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ q=const, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɰɢɤɥɨɜɭɸ ɩɨɞɚɱɭ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ gɰ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɶ.

Ƚɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɚɯ ɪɟ-ɩ ɷɬɚ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚɥɢɧɢɟɣ, ɜɵɯɨɞɹɳɟɣ ɢɡ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚɢɧɚɤɥɨɧɧɨɣɩɨɞɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɭɝɥɨɦɤɨɫɢɚɛɫɰɢɫɫ(ɪɢɫ. 1).

ȼ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɨ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɧɚɫɨɫɭ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɭɩɨɪɨɦ, ɬɚ ɠɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɩɨ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɣ ɢ ɧɢɤɚɤɢɦɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɧɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ. Ɉɧɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɞɢɡɟɥɹ. ɍɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɰɢɤɥɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤ ɫ ɩɭɥɶɬɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ, ɩɪɢɬɨɦ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɜ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ pi ɞɥɹ ɞɢɡɟɥɟɣ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɜɨɞ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɪi ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ, ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɹ ɜɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɢɡɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɰɢɤɥɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɚɱɟ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ (ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ 1), ɷɬɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɭɞɨɛɧɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɜ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɚɯ pi - ɩ.

ɇɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 2 ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɚɹ ɐɇɂɂɆɎɨɦ ɬɢɩɨɜɵɟ

ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ		ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ,				ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɟ		ɜ	ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɚɯ	p n , ɝɞɟ		p	pi	; n	n	.
	i i		i		i	nɧɨɦ
				piɧɨɦ

Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 2 – Ɍɢɩɨɜɨɣ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɡɟɥɹ ɫ ɝɚɡɨɬɭɪɛɢɧɧɵɦ ɧɚɞɞɭɜɨɦ:

Ⱥȼ ɢ ȼɋ – ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɧɚɹ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ; Ⱥ1ȼ1 ɢ ȼ1ɋ – ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɧɚɹ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ; ɋȾ – ɥɢɧɢɹ, ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɭ

ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ, ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɦɭɸ ɩɪɢ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɞɢɡɟɥɹ; pi c2n2 –

piɧɨɦ

ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɨ ɜɢɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ.

ɉɨɥɟ, ɥɟɠɚɳɟɟ ɩɨɞ ɥɢɧɢɟɣ ȺȼɋȾ, ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɜɫɟ ɪɟɠɢɦɵ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɞɢɡɟɥɶ ɫ ɝɚɡɨɬɭɪɛɢɧɧɵɦ ɧɚɞɞɭɜɨɦ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɜ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɛɟɡ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɭɡɤɢ, ɟɫɥɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɜ ɧɟɝɨ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɭɸ, ɚ ɟɫɥɢ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ, ɬɨ ɪɿɞɨɩ., ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɟ ɩɨ ɬɢɩɨɜɨɣ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɟ, ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ.

ɉɨɥɟ, ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɥɢɧɢɹɦɢ Ⱥȼȼ1Ⱥ1, ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɪɟɠɢɦɵ, ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ (ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 1 ɱɚɫɚ).

1.1 ȼɵɛɨɪ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɯ ɫɭɞɨɜɵɯ ɞɢɡɟɥɟɣ

1.Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɟ ɫɭɞɨɜɵɟ ɞɢɡɟɥɢ ɫ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɟɣ ɧɚ ɝɪɟɛɧɨɣ ɜɢɧɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɱɧɨ-ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ ɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɞɢɡɟɥɟɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ, ɧɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ

ɪɟɠɢɦɭ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɛɵɥɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɵ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ Nɧɨɦ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɧɨɦ (ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɡɚɜɨɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɬɟɧɞɚ). ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɐɉȽ ɞɢɡɟɥɹ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɬɟɯ ɪɟɠɢɦɚɯ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɢɡɟɥɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɨɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɦɟɬɶ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɢ ɧɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ, ɢɧɚɱɟ – ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɭ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɧɨɦɭ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɟɦɭ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɛɟɡɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ.

2.ɉɟɪɟɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɩɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɭ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɧɨɦɭ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ, ɛɭɞɭɱɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦɢ, ɪɟɡɤɨ ɫɧɢɠɚɸɬ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ ɞɢɡɟɥɹ ɢ ɧɟɪɟɞɤɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬ ɤ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɦ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɦ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ (ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ) ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɢ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ: ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɚ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɭ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɧɨɦɭ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶ 5 ɦɢɧɭɬ.

3.ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɱɧɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɨ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɦɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ, ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ – ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɩɭɬɺɦ ɢɧɞɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɢɡɟɥɹ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ (ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ «ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚɦɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɦɨɪɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɫɭɞɨɜ (ɄɇȾ 31.2.002.03-96)») ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɲɬɚɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɞɢɡɟɥɹ.

2. Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɨɬɱɟɬɚ

2.1 Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɢɡɟɥɹ ɫ ɝɚɡɨɬɭɪɛɢɧɧɵɦ ɧɚɞɞɭɜɨɦ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɭ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɧɨɦɭ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ

1. ɉɪɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɫ ɝɚɡɨɬɭɪɛɢɧɧɵɦ ɧɚɞɞɭɜɨɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ:

ɚ) ɬɢɩ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɚɞɞɭɜɚ (ɫ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɵɦ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɦ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɝɚɡɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɬɭɪɛɢɧɨɣ);

ɛ) ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɞɞɭɜɚ ɧɚ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɢ ɫɬɟɧɞɨɜɵɯ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɹɯ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ;

ɜ) ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ (ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɢɥɢ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ).

ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ, ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɐɇɂɂɆɎ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚɯ 3, 4, 5, 6. Ɉɧɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɵ ɫ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ:

ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɨ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɣ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɟ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɭ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɧɨɦɭ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ:

(0,97...1,03) ɩɧɨɦ – ɞɥɹ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ; (0,90...0,97) ɩɧɨɦ – ɞɥɹ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ;

ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɞɢɡɟɥɹ ɫ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ, ɧɚ 3% ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɳɟɣ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ (103% ɩɧɨɦ);

ɩɪɢ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɦɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ

ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ, ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɨɬ 0,97 ɩɧɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢ ɨɬ 0,9 ɩɧɨɦ – ɞɥɹ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ. ɇɚɤɥɨɧ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɢɩɨɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɚɞɞɭɜɚ ɢ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɚɞɞɭɜɚ ɧɚ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ.

2. ɉɪɢ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɭɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɥɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɸɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ:

ɚ) ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ;

ɛ) ɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɟɦɚɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɩɥɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɭɞɧɚ;

ɜ) ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɨɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɦ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɦ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɧɵɦ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɟɧɱɚɬɨɝɨ ɜɚɥɚ (ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ).

Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 3 – ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɞɢɡɟɥɟɣ ɫ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɧɚɞɞɭɜɚ (ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ)

Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 4 – ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɞɢɡɟɥɟɣ ɫ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɧɚɞɞɭɜɚ (ɤɪɚɬɤɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ)

Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 5 – ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɞɢɡɟɥɟɣ ɫ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɧɚɞɞɭɜɚ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ (ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ)

Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 6 – ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɞɢɡɟɥɟɣ ɫ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɧɚɞɞɭɜɚ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ (ɤɪɚɬɤɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ)

2.2. ɉɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɭɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɢɡɟɥɹ ɩɨ ɜɢɧɬɨɜɵɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦ

2.2.1. Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ

ɍɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɢɡɟɥɹ Ʉɟ, ɤȼɬ, ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ

ɜɢɞ:

ɋ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɞɨɢɡɦɟɳɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɭɞɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɢɡɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɥɚɜɚɧɢɹ (ɬ.ɟ. ɩɨɫɬɭɩɶ ɜɢɧɬɚ Ȝ = const) ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ, ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɨɣ ɝɪɟɛɧɵɦ ɜɢɧɬɨɦ (ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ ɜ ɜɚɥɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɟ), ɨɬ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɫɢɬ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɤɭɛɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɚɪɚɛɨɥɵ, ɬ.ɟ.

Ʉɪɭɬɹɳɢɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɞɢɡɟɥɹ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɜɲɟɦɫɹ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɫɭɞɧɚ (ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɟ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɞɢɡɟɥɹ ɤ ɝɪɟɛɧɨɦɭ ɜɢɧɬɭ) ɛɭɞɟɬ ɪɚɜɟɧ

ɝɞɟ ɫ1 = 9,55ɫ – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɧɟɢɡɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɩɥɚɜɚɧɢɹ. ɂɡ ɮɨɪɦɭɥ (1) ɢ (3)ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ, ɱɬɨ

ɝɞɟ Ⱥ1=9,55Ⱥ.

Ʉɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɡ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ (3) ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɪi ɩɨɞɱɢɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɧɨɣ ɩɚɪɚɛɨɥɵ.

ɉɪɢɪɚɜɧɹɜ ɩɪɚɜɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ (1) ɢ (2) ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ

ɝɞɟ ɫ2 =ɫ/Ⱥ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɪɟ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɜ ɪɟɧɨɦ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ:

ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɢɡɟɥɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɶ ɢɡ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ:

ɝɞɟ ɩɦ – ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤ.ɩ.ɞ. ɞɢɡɟɥɹ ɧɚ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɬɢɩɚ ɞɢɡɟɥɹ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɚɞɞɭɜɚ (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1). ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤ.ɩ.ɞ. ɦɟɧɹɟɬ ɫɜɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɢɡɟɥɹ (ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɛɥɢɡɤɢɯ ɤ ɧɢɦ) ɷɬɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ, ɬ.ɟ. ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦ

Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɭɞɨɛɧɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɯ, ɬɨɝɞɚ:

ɝɞɟ ɪɿ ɢ ɩɿ – ɬɟɤɭɳɢɟ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ.

2.2.2 ɉɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ

Ɋɟɠɢɦɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɭɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɢɡɟɥɹ ɥɟɠɚɬ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ. Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 2: ɩɨ ɨɫɢ pi – ɨɬ 0,73ɪɿɧɨɦ ɞɨ 1,0 ɪɿɧɨɦ, ɚ ɩɨ ɨɫɢ n – ɨɬ 0,67ɩɧɨɦ ɞɨ 1,03 ɩɧɨɦ. Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɩɨɥɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɥɟɠɚɬɶ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ: ɥɢɧɢɹ ȺȼɋȾ – ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɧɚɹ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ; ɥɢɧɢɹ Ⱥ1ȼ1ȼɋ – ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɧɚɹ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ.

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1 – Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɟ ɢ Șɦɧɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɧɚ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ

Ⱦɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɢ	ɪɟ, Ɇɉɚ	Șɦɧɨɦ
ɑɟɬɵɪɟɯɬɚɤɬɧɵɟ ɞɢɡɟɥɢ:
-ɛɟɡ ɧɚɞɞɭɜɚ	<0,8	0,75...0,85
-ɫ ɧɚɞɞɭɜɨɦ	0,8...1,8 ɢ ɜɵɲɟ	0,85...0,95
Ⱦɜɭɯɬɚɤɬɧɵɟ ɞɢɡɟɥɢ:
-ɛɟɡ ɧɚɞɞɭɜɚ	0,4...0,6	0,80...0,85
-ɫ ɧɚɞɞɭɜɨɦ	0,7...1,3 ɢ ɜɵɲɟ	0,85...0,92

Ƚɪɚɮɢɤɢ Ⱥ1ȼ1ɋ ɢ Ⱥȼɋ ɫɬɪɨɹɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɚɦ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɜ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ Ⱥ (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ Ⱥ.1) ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɦ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ (ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ Ȼ, ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ Ȼ.1).

ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɩɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɰɢɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ Ⱥ.1) ɜ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ

R>0,998.

2.2.3 ɉɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɜɢɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ

ɉɪɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɩɥɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɭɞɧɚ, ɚ ɷɬɨ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɫɭɞɧɚ, ɜɢɧɬɨɜɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɦɟɧɹɟɬ ɫɜɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɢɞ. ɍɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɚɞɤɢ ɫɭɞɧɚ, ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɢɥɢ ɜɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ, ɛɭɤɫɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɬɪɚɥɚ, ɨɛɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɶ ɜɢɧɬɚ ɩɚɞɚɸɬ, ɢ ɝɪɟɛɧɨɣ ɜɢɧɬ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɯ ɠɟ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɚɯ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɚɟɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ ɤɪɭɬɹɳɢɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ («ɬɹɠɺɥɵɣ ɜɢɧɬ»). ɍɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɫɭɞɧɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɩɭɬɧɨɦ ɜɟɬɪɟ, ɩɥɚɜɚɧɢɢ ɜ ɛɚɥɥɚɫɬɟ ɢ. ɞɪ. Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɚɟɦɵɣ ɝɪɟɛɧɵɦ ɜɢɧɬɨɦ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɬɶɫɹ («ɥɺɝɤɢɣ ɜɢɧɬ»).

Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ Nɟ, Ɇe ɢ ɪɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɹɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɯ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɯ ɫ, ɫ1 ɢ ɫ2. ɉɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɜɢɞɚ ɪɿ = ɫ2ɩ2 ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɜɢɧɬɨɜɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɜɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫ2ɯ.

Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɫ2ɯ ɭɞɨɛɧɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɩɨ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɦ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɚɦ ɬɨɱɟɤ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɢɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɫ ɨɫɶɸ ɚɛɫɰɢɫɫ, ɬ.ɟ. ɞɥɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɪ1=0,73ɪɿɧɨɦ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ n.

Ɂɚɞɚɜɚɹɫɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɩɯ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɨɬ 0,4ɩɧɨɦ ɞɨ 1,03ɩɧɨɦ ɫ ɲɚɝɨɦ ɪɚɜɧɵɦ 0,03, ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɫ2ɯ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ:

Ⱦɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɫ2ɯ ɫɬɪɨɹɬɫɹ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɢ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɯ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ

	c	n2
pix	2 x	j					(11)
	piɧɨɦ
					c	2 x	n2
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɫɟɬɤɢ ɜɢɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ				p			j	ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
				ix	piɧɨɦ

ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟɣ 5.3.

2.2.4 ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɱɺɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɞɢɡɟɥɹ 8 74VTBF160

1) ɉɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɶ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ (ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ Ȼ) ɢɡ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ (1) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɟ ɞɥɹ ɞɢɡɟɥɹ 8 74VTBF160, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɪɚɜɧɨ

2) ɉɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ ɪɟɧɨɦ, ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ:

ɝɞɟ Șɦɧɨɦ= 0,86 – ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ 1.

3)ɋɬɪɨɹɬɫɹ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɞɢɡɟɥɹ 874VTBF160 (ɪɢɫ. 7). ȼɵɛɨɪ ɤɪɢɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɨɦ 3 ɞɥɹ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ (ɤɪɢɜɚɹ 3) ɢ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɨɦ 4 ɞɥɹ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ

(ɤɪɢɜɚɹ 3) ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɢɡɟɥɹ ɫ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɧɚɞɞɭɜɚ ɩɪɢ ɪɤ=0,1 Ɇɉɚ, ɚ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɜ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ Ⱥ.

4)Ɋɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɫ2ɯ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɜɢɧɬɨɜɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ (10).

ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɜɢɧɬɨɜɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɩ8=0,85ɩɧɨɦ (ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ 7):

5)ɉɨɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɹ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɭ (11) ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɫ2 8 ɢ ɡɚɞɚɜɚɹɫɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ

ɩɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ 5.2), ɬ.ɟ. ɨɬ 0,85ɩɧɨɦ ɞɨ 1,03 ɩɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɢɧɬɨɜɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ, ɬ.ɟ.:

ȼɢɧɬɨɜɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɫ2ɯ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ.

ɉɨɫɥɟ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ, ɤɪɨɦɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩ ɧɚ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɫɹɯ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ (ɪɢɫ. 7). ɇɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ.

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2 – ɂɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ

	c	2 x	n2
p			j	(ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɞɥɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɫ2 8)
ix	piɧɨɦ