LR_TE_SEUt_1

ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ.................................................................................................	3
Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ..................................................................................................	4
ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɟ ʋ1. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɯɨɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɞɧɚ ɫ ɜɢɧɬɨɦ
ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɲɚɝɚ.................................................................................	5
ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɟ ʋ2. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɯɨɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɞɧɚ ɫ ɜɢɧɬɨɦ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɲɚɝɚ.....................................................................................	12
ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɟ ʋ3. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ
ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɭɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɢɡɟɥɹ ɫ ɝɚɡɨɬɭɪɛɢɧɧɵɦ ɧɚɞɞɭɜɨɦ..............	21
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ, ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɚɹ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɭɪɫɚ «Ɉɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɹ
ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɋɗɍ»................................................................................	37
ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ..........................................................................................	39
ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ Ⱥ. ɋɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ʋ1....................................................................................................	39
ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ Ȼ. ɋɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ʋ2....................................................................................................	45
ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ȼ. ɋɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ʋ3....................................................................................................	50

ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ

Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹ ɋɗɍ ɫɭɞɨɜ, ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɜɚɯɬɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɨɦ, (ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ) ɜ ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɞɜɭɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɧɚɞɺɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɭɞɨɜɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ (ɋɌɋ), ɚ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɪɟɩɥɚɜɚɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɜ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɋɗɍ ɢ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ (ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɧɚ ɝɨɪɸɱɟ-ɫɦɚɡɨɱɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ (ȽɋɆ)) ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ.

Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɋɗɍ ɫɬɚɜɢɬ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɟɺ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɢ ɟɺ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ: Ƚɗɍ, ɋɗɋ, ȼɉɄ.

Ⱦɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹ ɋɗɍ ɜ ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɥɢɛɨ ɧɟɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɟɺ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɥɢɛɨ ɨɬɤɚɡɚɦɢ ɢ ɧɟɩɨɥɚɞɤɚɦɢ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ, ɩɨɪɨɠɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɷɬɢ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɯ ɢɯ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɟɧɢɟ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɬɟɩɥɨɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɫ ɋɗɍ.

ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹ ɋɗɍ – ɷɬɨ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɣ, ɧɨ ɢ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɵɣ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɨɜ, ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ ɟɺ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɱɬɨ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɢ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɟ.

Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ

ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɬɚɛɥɢɰ 1, 2.1. ɢ 2.2. ɩɨ ɞɜɭɦ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɦ ɰɢɮɪɚɦ ɲɢɮɪɚ ɡɚɱɺɬɧɨɣ ɤɧɢɠɤɢ. (ȿɫɥɢ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɨɬ 51 ɞɨ 99, ɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɬɧɹɬɶ 50 ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ).

ȼ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹɯ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚɯ 1.1 – 2.15 ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɢ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ.

ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɟ ʋ1 (6 ɱɚɫɨɜ)

ɊȺɋɑȿɌ ɏɈȾɄɈɋɌɂ ɋɍȾɇȺ ɋ ȼɂɇɌɈɆ ɎɂɄɋɂɊɈȼȺɇɇɈȽɈ ɒȺȽȺ

ɐɟɥɶ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɯɨɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɭɞɨɜ ɫ ɜɢɧɬɨɦ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɲɚɝɚ (ȼɎɒ).

Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɱɺɬɨɜ ɯɨɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɞɧɚ ɫ ȼɎɒ

1.Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɪɚɫɱɺɬɧɭɸ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɯɨɞɚ ɫɭɞɧɚ (ɪɢɫ. Ⱥ.1, ɚ).

2.Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɫɭɞɧɚ ɢ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ ɩɨ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɪɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɧɬɚ nɧ = ___ ɦɢɧ-1 (ɪɢɫ. Ⱥ.1, ɚ, ɛ).

3.Ɋɟɲɢɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɱɭ, ɨɛɪɚɬɧɭɸ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɣ: ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɭ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ ɩɨ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɩɪɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɫɭɞɧɚ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɦ ɯɨɞɭ ɫɨ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ vs = ___ ɭɡ (ɪɢɫ. Ⱥ.1. ɛ).

4.Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɬɹɝɭ ɝɪɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɧɬɚ, ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɭ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɧɚ ɲɜɚɪɬɨɜɚɯ ɫɭɞɧɚ (ɪɢɫ. Ⱥ.1, ɚ, ɛ).

5.Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɢɦɭɸ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɫɭɞɧɚ, ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɭ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɧɬɚ ɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɭɸ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɧɨɦ ɜɟɬɪɟ __ ɛɚɥɥɨɜ (ɪɢɫ. Ⱥ.2, ɚ, ɛ).

6.Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɭɸ ɬɹɝɭ ɝɪɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɧɬɚ ɢ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ ɩɨ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ ɧɚ ɲɜɚɪɬɨɜɚɯ ɫɭɞɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ n =__ ɦɢɧ-1 (ɪɢɫ.

Ⱥ.2, ɚ, ɛ).

7.ɉɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɶ ɬɹɝɨɜɵɦɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ ɫɭɞɧɚ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. Ⱥ.3) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɪɚɫɱɺɬɧɭɸ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɞɚ ɫɭɞɧɚ.

8.ɉɨ ɪɢɫ. Ⱥ.3. ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɬɹɝɭ ɢ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɭ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɧɬɚ ɫɭɞɧɚ ɧɚ ɲɜɚɪɬɨɜɚɯ.

9.ɉɨ ɪɢɫ. Ⱥ.3. ɧɚɣɬɢ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɭɸ ɬɹɝɭ ɜɢɧɬɚ ɧɚ ɲɜɚɪɬɨɜɚɯ ɩɪɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ

ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ nɲɜ = ___ ɦɢɧ-1.

10.ɉɨ ɪɢɫ. Ⱥ.3. ɧɚɣɬɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɞɚ ɫɭɞɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɩ = 230 ɦɢɧ-1. 11.ɉɨ ɯɨɞɨɜɵɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦ ɫɭɞɧɚ (ɪɢɫ. Ⱥ.4), ( dcp = 4,1 ɦ) ɜ ɬɢɯɭɸ ɩɨɝɨɞɭ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɭɸ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɫɭɞɧɚ ɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɭɸ

ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ, ɟɫɥɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɩ = ɦɢɧ-1.

12.Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶɩɨɬɟɪɸɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢɫɭɞɧɚ(ɪɢɫ. Ⱥ.4) ɧɚɩɨɥɧɨɦɯɨɞɭ(ɩ= 250 ɦɢɧ-1)

ɜɬɢɯɭɸɩɨɝɨɞɭɩɪɢdcp2 = 5,23 ɦɩɨɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸɫɨɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸɩɪɢdcɪ1 = 4,1 ɦ.

13.ɋɭɞɧɨ (ɪɢɫ. Ⱥ.4) ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɨ (dcɪ 2 = 5,23 ɦ) ɜ ɬɢɯɭɸ

ɩɨɝɨɞɭ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɜɫɬɪɟɬɢɥɨɫɶ ɫ ɜɟɬɪɨɦ ɫɢɥɨɣ 7…8 ɛɚɥɥɨɜ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɭɸ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ

vs = ___ ɭɡ.

14.Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɭ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ ɧɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ (ɪɢɫ. Ⱥ.5), ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɞɧɚ ɫɨ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ vs = ɭɡ ( dcɪ1 < 7,44 ɦ).

15.Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɫɭɞɧɚ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. Ⱥ.5) ɩɪɢ ɨɫɚɞɤɚɯ dcɪ1 = 7,44 ɦ, dcɪ 2 = 6,12 ɦ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɝɪɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɧɬɚ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɦɭ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɸ, ɟɫɥɢ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɫ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɧ =___ ɦɢɧ-1.

16.ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. Ⱥ.6. ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨɣ ɬɹɝɢ ɫɭɞɧɚ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɫɱɺɬɧɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ (ɤɪɢɜɚɹ ɛɭɤɫɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ – ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɜɟɪɮɢ-ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɹ). Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɛɭɤɫɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɧɚ ɬɢɯɨɣ

ɜɨɞɟ ɨɞɧɨɬɢɩɧɨɝɨ ɫɭɞɧɚ.

17.ɋɭɞɧɨ (ɪɢɫ. Ⱥ.6) ɞɜɢɠɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɦɟɥɤɨɜɨɞɧɨɦ ɤɚɧɚɥɟ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɨɣ h = ___ ɦ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɭ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɧɬɚ.

1. Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ

Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɯ ɫɭɞɨɜɵɯ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɥɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɭɞɧɚ ɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ: ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ, ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɞɪ. ɋɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ.

Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɟ ɫɭɞɨɜɵɟ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɢ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɧɬɚ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɨɬ ɧɟɝɨ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ. ȿɫɥɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɬɛɨɪ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɚɥɨɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ), ɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɩɥɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɭɞɧɚ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ, ɨɬɞɚɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɦ, ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɨɣ ɝɪɟɛɧɵɦ ɜɢɧɬɨɦ, ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɟ ɢ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɜɚɥɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ. Ɇɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ, ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɚɹ ɝɪɟɛɧɵɦ ɜɢɧɬɨɦ, ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɞɧɚ ɢ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɟɝɨ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɸ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɩɥɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɭɞɧɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ (ɨɛɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ ɢ ɝɪɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɧɬɚ, ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɚɞɤɢ, ɛɭɤɫɢɪɨɜɤɚ, ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɦɟɥɤɨɜɨɞɶɹ, ɲɬɨɪɦɨɜɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɩɥɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɪ.).

ɍɜɹɡɚɬɶ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɪɨɩɭɥɶɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ (ɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ, ɝɪɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɧɬɚ ɢ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ ɫɭɞɧɚ) ɜ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɥɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɯɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɫɭɞɧɚ [2].

ɇɚ ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɧɚɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɫɭɞɧɚ R = fl (v1, n1 ) ɢ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨɣ ɬɹɝɢ

Ɋɟ = f2 (v2, n 2) ɨɬ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɞɧɚ v ɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɧɬɚ N1.

ɉɪɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɜɲɟɦɫɹ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɯɨɞɚ ɫɭɞɧɚ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɹ ɫɢɥ, ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɤɨɪɩɭɫ ɫɭɞɧɚ, ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɜɢɞ:

R Q ZɜP 1 t ZɜPe ,

(1)

ɝɞɟ R – ɩɨɥɧɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɫɭɞɧɚ, ɇ; Q – ɬɹɝɚ ɧɚ ɝɚɤɟ, ɇ;

Ɋ – ɭɩɨɪ ɝɪɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɧɬɚ, ɇ; Zɜ – ɱɢɫɥɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɜɢɧɬɨɜ; t – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɡɚɫɚɫɵɜɚɧɢɹ; Ɋɟ – ɩɨɥɟɡɧɚɹ ɬɹɝɚ ɜɢɧɬɚ, ɇ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨɣ ɬɹɝɢ ɜɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɫɹ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɡ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɞɜɢɠɢɬɟɥɟɣ:

Ɋɟ k1 ȡ nc2 Dɜ4 1 t ,

(2)

ɝɞɟ k – ɛɟɡɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɭɩɨɪɚ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɣ ɩɨ ɤɪɢɜɵɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɝɪɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɧɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɢ ɜɢɧɬɚ ˨ɪ;

n ɫ – ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɧɬɚ, ɫ-1; Dɜ – ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɜɢɧɬɚ, ɦ;

ɪ – ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɛɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ, ɤɝ/ɦ3.

Ɉɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɶ ɝɪɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɧɬɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ:

	Oɪ		vp	,	(3)
		nc	Dɜ

ɝɞɟ vɪ – ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɧɬɚ, ɦ/ɫ. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ vɪ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚ:

vp v 1 Z ,

(4)

ɝɞɟ v – ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɫɭɞɧɚ, ɦ/ɫ;

Ȧ – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɨɩɭɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ.

ɉɭɬɟɦ ɧɚɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ R = f1 (v1, ɩɫ) ɢ Ɋɟ = f2 (v1, ɩɫ) ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɟɠɢɦɵ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ ɫɭɞɧɚ ɢ ɝɪɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɧɬɚ.

ɉɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɶ ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɞɧɚ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɧɬɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɭɸ ɬɹɝɭ ɜɢɧɬɚ, ɬɹɝɭ ɧɚ ɝɚɤɟ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ, ɧɟ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɹ ɡɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɩɨ ɤɪɭɬɹɳɟɦɭ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɭ Ɇɟ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɜɚɥɚ ɩɫ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ (ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ) ɪɟɠɢɦɚ, ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɝɪɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɧɬɚ ɫ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɧɚ ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɧɚɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɨɬ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɜɚɥɚ ɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɞɧɚ.

ɑɬɨɛɵ ɡɧɚɬɶ ɩɨɥɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɯ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ ɝɪɟɛɧɵɦ ɜɢɧɬɨɦ, ɧɚ ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɞɥɹ ɱɟɝɨ ɧɚɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɨ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɤɪɭɬɹɳɟɝɨ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɜɚɥɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɧɚ ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ (ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ, ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɧɵɯ ɝɚɡɨɜ, ɩɪɨɩɭɥɶɫɢɜɧɵɣ ɄɉȾ ɢ ɞɪ.).

2. Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɨɬɱɟɬɚ

ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ 1.

Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɪɚɫɱɺɬɧɭɸ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɯɨɞɚ ɫɭɞɧɚ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 1.1, ɚ). Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ.

Ⱥɛɫɰɢɫɫɚ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɭɤɫɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɪɚɫɱɺɬɧɵɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ ɩɥɚɜɚɧɢɹ (ɤɪɢɜɚɹ 3), ɫ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɣ ɬɹɝɢ (ɤɪɢɜɚɹ 12) ɞɚɟɬ ɢɫɤɨɦɭɸ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ vsH = ɭɡ. Ⱦɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɜ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ: ɩɧ = ɦɢɧ-1, Ne = ɤȼɬ (ɪɢɫ. 1., ɛ).

ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ 2.

Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɫɭɞɧɚ ɢ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ ɩɨ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɪɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɧɬɚ ɩɧ = 230 ɦɢɧ-1 (ɪɢɫ. 1.1, ɚ, ɛ).

Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ.

ɂɫɤɨɦɚɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ vs = 6,7 ɭɡ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɚ ɤɚɤ ɚɛɫɰɢɫɫɚ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɛɭɤɫɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ (ɤɪɢɜɚɹ 3) ɫ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɣ ɬɹɝɢ ɜɢɧɬɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɧ = 230 ɦɢɧ-1 (ɤɪɢɜɚɹ 7). ɉɨ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ vs = 6,7 ɭɡ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɦ ɧɚ ɤɪɢɜɨɣ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ 3 ɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ Ne1 = 55 ɤȼɬ. ɉɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɚɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ

Ɇ	ɧɨɦ	c	c
	ɤɪ	const ɪɚɜɧɚ Ne2 = 195 ɤȼɬ (ɨɬɪɟɡɨɤȺ0	Ⱥ1 ). ɂɡɛɵɬɨɤ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɣ

ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ įNe = Ne2 - Ne1 = 140 ɤȼɬ.

ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ 3.

Ɋɟɲɢɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɱɭ, ɨɛɪɚɬɧɭɸ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɣ: ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɭ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ ɩɨ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɫɭɞɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɦ ɯɨɞɭ ɫɨ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ vs = 8,5 ɭɡ (ɪɢɫ. 1.1, ɛ).

Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ.

ȼɨɫɫɬɚɜɢɜ ɩɟɪɩɟɧɞɢɤɭɥɹɪ ɢɡ ɬɨɱɤɢ vs = 8,5 ɭɡ ɧɚ ɨɫɢ ɚɛɫɰɢɫɫ ɞɨ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɤɪɢɜɨɣ 3, ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɦ ɤɪɢɜɭɸ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɣ ɬɹɝɢ, ɩɪɨɯɨɞɹɳɭɸ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɭɸ ɬɨɱɤɭ. ɂɧɬɟɪɩɨɥɹɰɢɟɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɪɢɜɵɦɢ 8 ɢ 9 ɧɚɯɨɞɢɦ

280 < n < 330 ɦɢɧ-1. ɇɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɧɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ: ɩɨ ɤɪɢɜɨɣ 3 ɩɪɢ vs = 8,5 ɭɡ, Ne = 125 ɤȼɬ.

ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ 4.

Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɬɹɝɭ ɝɪɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɧɬɚ, ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɭ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɫɭɞɧɚ ɧɚ ɲɜɚɪɬɨɜɚɯ (ɪɢɫ. 1.1, ɚ, ɛ).

Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ.

Ɍɨɱɤɚ ɋ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɣ ɬɹɝɢ 12 ɫ ɨɫɶɸ ɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ ɞɚɟɬ Ɋɟɲɜ = ɤɇ ɩɪɢ ɩɲɜ = ɦɢɧ-1. Ɍɨɱɤɚ ɋ' ɩɟɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɢɜɨɣ

ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ 12' ɫ ɨɫɶɸ ɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ ɞɚɟɬ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ Nɟɲɜ = ɤȼɬ ɢ ɭɠɟ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɲɜ = ɦɢɧ-1.

ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ 5.

Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɢɦɭɸ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ, ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɭ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɧɬɚ ɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɭɸ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɫɭɞɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɧɨɦ ɜɟɬɪɟ 6 ɛɚɥɥɨɜ (ɪɢɫ. 1.2, ɚ, ɛ).

Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ.

Ʉɪɢɜɚɹ ɛɭɤɫɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ 3 ɩɟɪɟɫɟɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɤɪɢɜɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɣ ɬɹɝɢ ɩɪɢ Ɇɧɤɪ = const ɜ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɫ ɚɛɫɰɢɫɫɨɣ vs = 11 ɭɡ. ɂɡ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɟɝɨ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶ 270 ɦɢɧ-1. Ɉɪɞɢɧɚɬɚ ɤɪɢɜɨɣ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ vs = 11 ɭɡ, ɞɚɟɬ Ne = 385 ɤȼɬ.

ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ 6.

Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɭɸ ɬɹɝɭ ɝɪɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɧɬɚ ɢ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ ɩɨ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɲɜɚɪɬɨɜɚɯɫɭɞɧɚɩɪɢɱɚɫɬɨɬɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɩ= 180 ɦɢɧ-1 (ɪɢɫ. 1.2, ɚ, ɛ).

Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ.

ȼ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɧɢɢ Ɋɟ (vs) ɫ ɨɫɶɸ ɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨɣ ɬɹɝɢ ɩɪɢ ɩ = 180 ɦɢɧ-1 ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦ Ɋɟɲɜ = 40 ɤɇ. ȼ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɧɢɢ Nɟ(vs) ɫ ɨɫɶɸ ɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɩ = 180 ɦɢɧ-1 ɧɚɯɨɞɢɦ

Nɟɲɜ = 200 ɤȼɬ.

ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ 7.

ɉɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɶ ɬɹɝɨɜɵɦɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ (ɪɢɫ. 1.3) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɭɸ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɞɚ ɫɭɞɧɚ.

Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ.

ɇɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɞɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɬɨɱɤɚ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɬɹɝɢ ɜɢɧɬɚ 13" ɫ ɨɫɶɸ ɚɛɫɰɢɫɫ

(vsɧ = ɭɡ), ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɚɹ ɬɹɝɚ ɜɢɧɬɚ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɟ ɛɭɤɫɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɬɹɝɚ ɪɚɜɧɚ ɧɭɥɸ.

ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ 8.

ɉɨ ɪɢɫ. 1.3 ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɬɹɝɭ ɢ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɭ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɧɬɚ ɫɭɞɧɚ ɧɚ ɲɜɚɪɬɨɜɚɯ.

Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ.

Ɍɨɱɤɚ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɬɹɝɢ ɜɢɧɬɚ

13" ɫ ɨɫɶɸ ɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ ɞɚɟɬ ɢɫɤɨɦɭɸ ɬɹɝɭ Ɋɟɲɜ = ɤɇ ɩɪɢ ɩɲɜ = ɦɢɧ-1, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɟ vs = 0, R = 0 ɢ ɪɲɜ = ɪɢɡ6 (ɫɦ. ɩɪɢɦɟɪ 4).

ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ 9.

ɉɨ ɪɢɫ. 1.3 ɧɚɣɬɢ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɭɸ ɬɹɝɭ ɜɢɧɬɚ ɧɚ ɲɜɚɪɬɨɜɚɯ ɩɪɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɲɜ = 210 ɦɢɧ-1.

Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ.

ɂɧɬɟɪɩɨɥɢɪɭɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɢ ɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɥɢɧɢɹɦɢ Ɋɟɢɡɛ vs ɩɪɢ ɩɲɜ =180 ɦɢɧ-1 ɢ ɩɲɜ = 230 ɦɢɧ-1, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦ Ɋɟɲɜ §19,6 ɤɇ.

ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ 10.

ɉɨ ɪɢɫ. 1.3 ɧɚɣɬɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɞɚ ɫɭɞɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɩ = 230 ɦɢɧ-1. Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ.

ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ vs = 6,75 ɭɡ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɚ ɜ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɬɹɝɢ 7" ɫ ɨɫɶɸ ɚɛɫɰɢɫɫ.

ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ 11.

ɉɨ ɯɨɞɨɜɵɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦ ɫɭɞɧɚ (ɪɢɫ. 1.5), (dcp = 4,1 ɦ), ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɭɸ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɫɭɞɧɚ ɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɭɸ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɬɢɯɭɸ ɩɨɝɨɞɭ, ɟɫɥɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɩ = 250 ɦɢɧ-1.

Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ.

ɉɨ ɤɪɢɜɨɣ 1 (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 1.5, ɛ) ɩɪɢ ɩ = 250 ɦɢɧ-1 ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦ vs = 14,3 ɭɡ, ɚ ɩɨ ɤɪɢɜɨɣ 1 ɪɢɫ. 5.14, ɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɦ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ Nɟ = 1875 ɤȼɬ.

ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ 12.

Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɨɬɟɪɸ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɞɧɚ (ɪɢɫ. 1.5) ɧɚ ɩɨɥɧɨɦ ɯɨɞɭ

(ɩ = 250 ɦɢɧ-1) ɜ ɬɢɯɭɸ ɩɨɝɨɞɭ ɜ ɝɪɭɡɭ (dcp2 = 5,23 ɦ) ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫɨ

ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ ɜ ɛɚɥɥɚɫɬɟ (dcp1 = 4,1 ɦ). Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ.

ɉɨ ɪɢɫ. 1.5, ɛ ɩɪɢ ɩ = 250 ɦɢɧ-1 ɧɚɯɨɞɢɦ vs2 = 14,25 ɭɡ; vs1 = 14,6 ɭɡ,

ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, įv = vs2 - vs1 = 14,6-14,25 = 0,35 ɭɡ.

ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ 13.

ɋɭɞɧɨ (dɫɪ 2 = 5,23 ɦ) (ɪɢɫ. 1.5) ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ ɞɜɢɝɚɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɬɢɯɭɸ ɩɨɝɨɞɭ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɜɫɬɪɟɬɢɥɫɹ ɫ ɜɟɬɪɨɦ ɫɢɥɨɣ 7...8 ɛɚɥɥɨɜ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɭɸ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ vs = 14,25 ɭɡ.

Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ.

ɉɨ ɪɢɫ. 1.5, ɛ ɩɪɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ vs = 14,25 ɭɡ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦ n= 250 ɦɢɧ-1. ɉɨ ɪɢɫ. 1.5, ɚ ɞɥɹ n= 250 ɦɢɧ-1 ɧɚɯɨɞɢɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɭɸ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɬɢɯɨɣ ɜɨɞɟ (ɤɪɢɜɚɹ 2) Nɟc = 1925 ɤȼɬ, ɚ ɩɪɢ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɧɨɦ ɜɟɬɪɟ (ɤɪɢɜɚɹ 6) — Nɟcc = 2200 ɤȼɬ. Ɍɨɝɞɚ įNɟ = Nɟcc - Nɟc = 2200 - 1925 = 275 ɤȼɬ.

ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ 14.

Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɭ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɫɭɞɧɚ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 1.6), ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɞɧɚ ɫɨ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ 15 ɭɡ ( dɫɪ1 < 7,44 ɦ).

Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ.

ȼɨɫɫɬɚɜɥɹɹ ɩɟɪɩɟɧɞɢɤɭɥɹɪ ɤ ɨɫɢ ɚɛɫɰɢɫɫ ɜ ɬɨɱɤɟ vs = 15 ɭɡ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦ n= 142 ɦɢɧ-1 ɩɪɢ Nɟ = 3665 ɤȼɬ.

ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ 15.

Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɫɭɞɧɚ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 1.6) ɩɪɢ ɨɫɚɞɤɚɯ dɫɪ1 = 7,44 ɦ,

dɫɪ2 = 6,12 ɦ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɝɪɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɧɬɚ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɦɭ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɸ, ɟɫɥɢ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɫ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɧ = 165 ɦɢɧ-1.

Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ.

ɇɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɣ ɲɤɚɥɟ ɨɬɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɦ n = 165 ɦɢɧ-1, ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɪɹɦɭɸ ɞɨ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɩ(vs), ɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɨɱɤɢ – ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɢ ɞɨ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɹɦɢ Ne (vs) ɢ ɨɫɶɸ ɚɛɫɰɢɫɫ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ vs1 = 17,2 ɭɡ, vs2 = 17,6 ɭɡ. ȼ ɨɛɨɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɝɪɟɛɧɨɣ ɜɢɧɬ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɥɟɝɤɢɦ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɚɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ. ɋɭɞɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɨɫɚɞɤɟ ɫ ɩɨɥɧɵɦ ɝɪɭɡɨɦ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɡɚɩɚɫ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɨɛɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɢ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ.

ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ 16.

ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 1.7. ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨɣ ɬɹɝɢ cɭɞɧɚ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ (ɤɪɢɜɚɹ ɛɭɤɫɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ — ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɜɟɪɮɢɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɹ). Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɛɭɤɫɢɪɨɜɤɢɧɚɬɢɯɨɣɜɨɞɟɨɞɧɨɬɢɩɧɨɝɨɫɭɞɧɚ.

Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ.

ɍɞɜɚɢɜɚɹ ɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɵ ɤɪɢɜɨɣ 1 ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɞɧɚ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦ ɤɪɢɜɭɸ 2 ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɭɤɫɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɢ ɛɭɤɫɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɫɭɞɨɜ. Ⱥɛɫɰɢɫɫɚ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɤɪɢɜɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɣ ɬɹɝɢ ɜɢɧɬɚ 3 ɞɚɟɬ ɢɫɤɨɦɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ vs = ɭɡ.

ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ 17.

ɋɭɞɧɨ (ɪɢɫ. 1.7) ɞɜɢɠɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɦɟɥɤɨɜɨɞɧɨɦ ɤɚɧɚɥɟ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɨɣ h = 10 ɦ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɭ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɧɬɚ.

Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ.

Ȼɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɵɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɥɨɠɚ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ v 0,5 g h |0,5 9,81 10 = 4,95 ɦ/ɫ = 9,6 ɭɡ. ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ vs = 9,6 ɭɡ ɧɚ

ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɬɨɱɤɚ Ⱥ ɧɚ ɤɪɢɜɨɣ ɛɭɤɫɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ (n = 90 ɦɢɧ-1). Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɦɟɥɤɨɜɨɞɶɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɫɭɞɧɚ ɜ ɦɟɥɤɨɜɨɞɧɨɦ ɤɚɧɚɥɟ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ. ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ n= 90 ɦɢɧ-1 ɡɚɜɟɞɨɦɨ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨ.

Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ

1.ɑɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɯɨɞɨɜɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɧɚɹ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɫɭɞɧɚ?

2.Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɫɭɞɧɚ?

3.Ʉɚɤ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɩɥɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɭɞɧɚ ɜɥɢɹɸɬ ɧɚ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ?

4.Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɜɥɢɹɸɬ ɧɚ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ, ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɭɸ ɝɪɟɛɧɵɦ ɜɢɧɬɨɦ?

5.Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɧɭɸ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɭ?

6.ɑɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɶ ɝɪɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɧɬɚ?

7.Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɩɪɨɩɭɥɶɫɢɜɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ, ɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɶ ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ?

8.Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ȽȾ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɨ ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɫɭɞɧɚ?

9.Ʉɚɤ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɚɹ Ƚȼ?

10.ɑɟɦ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ Ƚȼ ɨɬ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ȽȾ?

11.Ʉɚɤ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɧɚɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɧɭɸ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɩɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ?

12.Ʉɚɤ ɧɚ ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ (ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɣ) ɬɹɝɢ Ƚȼ?

13.ɑɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɬɹɝɚ ɧɚ ɝɚɤɟ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɟɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɨ ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɟ?

14.ɍɤɚɠɢɬɟ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ, ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɪɭɬɹɳɟɝɨ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ȽȾ ɩɪɢ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɭɡɤɨɣ.

15.ȼ ɤɚɤɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ȽȾ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɭɡɤɨɣ?

16.ɑɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɪɟɠɢɦɧɚɹ ɤɚɪɬɚ ɋɉɍ?

17.Ʉɚɤ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɫɭɞɧɚ ɩɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɢ Ƚȼ?

18.ɋ ɤɚɤɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɫɭɞɧɟ ɨɛɥɟɝɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɝɪɟɛɧɨɣ ɜɢɧɬ?

19.Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɪɟɡɟɪɜ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ȽȾ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɨɛɥɟɝɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ Ƚȼ?

20.Ʉɚɤɚɹ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ȽȾ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɟɝɱɟɧɧɵɣ Ƚȼ?

21.Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɳɚɞɹɳɢɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ȽȾ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ?