10.4 Модальные глаголы для выражения предположения

Модальные глаголы (но не эквиваленты) могут также выражать предположение, уверенность в чем-либо.

may – а) выражает допускаемую возможность или б) выражает предположение, основанное на неуверенности; в этом значении употребляется только в утвердительной форме.

В этом значении могут также использоваться формы модальных глаголов might и could:

may/ might/ could = it is possible/ it is likely/ perhaps

а) He may come now. — Он может прийти сейчас.

You may be right. — Ты можешь быть прав.

б) They may arrive tomorrow or the day after. — Может быть, они прибудут завтра или послезавтра.

must – в утвердительных предложениях выражает предположение с большей степенью уверенности в совершении действия, чем глагол "may"

must = I’m sure/ certain

He must be home by now, he left an hour ago. – К этому времени он наверняка должен быть дома, он ушел час назад.

You must know her. – Ты должен ее знать.

They must be waiting for us already. – Должно быть, они уже ждут нас.

can – выражает невероятность в отрицательных предложениях, имеет значение «не может быть».

can’t = I’m sure/certain that sth. isn’t true/real/ etc.

It can’t be true. – Это не может быть правдой.

10.5 Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты (сводная таблица)

Модальный глагол Эквивалент

Past Present

мочь,am/is/are able to

could ←can уметь, → be able to was/were able to

иметь shall/will be able to

возможность

am/is/are allowed to

might ←may мочь → be allowed to was/were allowed to

(разрешение, shall/will be allowed to

предположение)

have/has to (Do/does __ have to ...?)

have to had to (Did __ have to ...?)

обстоятельств shall/will have to

↑

должен в силу

↓

плана am/is/are to

must должен → be to was/were to

should только в Present

следует

(совет, рекомендация)

ought to

следует, следовало бы

need not

не нужно, не надо

II. Упражнения по грамматике

1. Предложение (the sentence) порядок слов (word order)

Упражнение 1. а) Отметьте правильные предложения буквой С (Correct), а неправильные (т.е. те, в которых отсутствует подлежащее или сказуемое, или нарушен порядок слов) – буквой W (Wrong).

b) Исправьте неправильные предложения.

1. He late.  

2. We are early.  

3. Mary is at home.

4. John at work.  

5. I am a manager.

6. He is late.  

7. My name is Peter Brown.  

8. I am British.  

9. Tessa Italian.  

10. Your new is great plan.

11. This our house.  

12. Is where my book?

13. We in the central library are now.

14. Is your sister OK?

15. How old is she?

16. You are free on Sunday?

17. When are you usually home?

18. They not are my friends.

19. What colour your car is?

20. I not good at English.

Упражнение 2. Укажите вариант с правильным порядком слов.

1. My grandfather likes ______ .

   1. to work every day in his garden

   2. in his garden to work every day

   3. to work in his garden every day

2. We _____ this test at the last lesson.

   1. didn’t write

   2. not wrote

   3. wrote not

3. ______ to the University by bus.

   1. He goes usually

   2. He usually goes

   3. Usually he goes

4. ______ her homework in the evening?

   1. Does she

   2. She does

   3. Does she do

5. _____ very tired after work.

   1. I usually

   2. Usually I’m

   3. I’m usually

6. I was glad that _____ after his recent illness.

   1. John looked such well

   2. John so well looked

   3. John looked so well

7. Let's go to another restaurant; _____ here.

   1. are there too few vacant tables

   2. there are too few vacant tables

   3. there are few vacant tables too

8. The rain _____ that it was impossible to go out.

   1. was so strong

   2. so was strong

   3. was strong

9. Sheila isn’t a good driver; she is _____ .

   1. enough not careful

   2. not careful enough

   3. careful not enough

10. There was a _____ forest near the village.

    1. beautiful, large, old, pine

    2. large, beautiful, pine, old

    3. pine, old, beautiful, large

Упражнение 3. Напишите слова в правильном порядке, так чтобы получился вопрос.

1. fishing/ enjoy/ he/ does?

2. you/ at sports/ good/ are?

3. musical/ you/ do/ a/ instrument/ play?

4. next weekend/ here/ be/ you/ will?

5. a lot of/ there/ group / are/ in your/ students?

6. your/ the holidays/ plans/ are/ what/ for?

7. for the lesson/ come/ always/ do/ you/ late/ why?

8. last/ see/ a good film/ did/ when/ you?

9. the last/ how many/ passed/ examination/ well/ students?

10. to learn/ it/ will/ me/ how long/ French/ take?

Упражнение 4. Выберите правильный вариант.

1. Will you be here next weekend?

1. No, I shan’t.

2. No, I shalln’t.

3. No, I’m not.

2. Are there a lot of students in your group?

1. Yes, they are.

2. Yes, they do.

3. Yes, there are.

3. Did you go to bed late last night?

1. Yes, I do.

2. Yes, I did.

3. Yes, I was.

4. Do you receive letters from your friends?

1. Yes, they do.

2. Yes, I am.

3. Yes, I do.

5. He wasn’t good at mathematics, was he?

1. Yes, he wasn’t.

2. No, he was.

3. No, he wasn’t.

6. You like black coffee,

1. aren’t you?

2. don’t you?

3. do you?

7. There was nobody there,

1. was there?

2. wasn’t there?

3. were they?

8. Your friends entered the Medical Academy,

1. didn’t they?

2. did they?

3. weren’t they?

9. Sam doesn’t work hard,

1. doesn’t he?

2. does he?

3. is he?

10. I’m busy,

1. aren’t I?

2. don’t I?

3. am not I?

Упражнение 5. Задайте вопрос к пропущенному члену предложения.

1. I like eating … for breakfast.

What _________________ ?

2. We usually go to … for our holidays.

Where ______________________?

3. She played the … as a child.

What __________________?

4. … people applied for this vacancy.

How many _________________?

5. I will buy a … .

What ______________?

6. My mother can … really well.

What ____________________?

7. They were late for school … last week.

How many times _________________?

8. After lunch you phoned … .

Who __________________?

9. The … usually examines the student.

Who ______________________?

10. We will be free ….

When ___________?